Abstract: A system and method include receiving target image data associated with a target coating. A feature extraction analysis process is applied to the target image data to determine a target image feature. The feature extraction analysis process includes dividing the target image into sub-images which contains a plurality of target pixels. A machine learning model identifies one or more types of flakes present in the target coating using target pixel features.

Abstract: Base coats, methods of using base coats, and methods of producing base coats are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of producing a base coat includes forming a CPO intermediate and a color intermediate. The CPO intermediate includes a chlorinated polyolefin at from about 5 to about 20 weight percent, based on a total weight of the CPO intermediate, as well as a CPO solvent. The color intermediate includes a color imparting additive and a color solvent that is different than the CPO solvent. The CPO intermediate and the color intermediate are combined to form the base coat, where the base coat includes from about 1 to about 3 weight percent chlorinated polyolefin and from about 5 to about 30 weight percent solids, based on a total weight of the base coat.

Abstract: A coating composition includes a (A) binder component and a (B) pigment component. The (A) binder component includes (A1) polyvinyl butyrate, (A2) a particular film forming resin, (A3) an acid, (A4) an optional functionalized tri-alkoxy silane, and (A5) an optional polymeric phosphate ester. The (B) pigment component includes (B1) a calcium ion-exchanged silica, (B2) a corrosion inhibiting pigment, and (B3), a polyalkylene oxide phosphate. The coating composition is formed by combining the aforementioned components. In a method, the coating composition is applied to a substrate.

Abstract: Aqueous cathodic electrocoat compositions with improved edge protection and methods for preparing such electrocoat compositions are described herein. In an exemplary embodiment, an electrocoat composition includes water; a crosslinkable resin comprising a binder of an epoxy-amine adduct and a crosslinking agent; a neutralizing agent for neutralizing the epoxy amine adduct, wherein the neutralizing agent has a pKa value of greater than 0; and a pigment paste. The pigment paste may comprise silica, barium sulfate or silica and barium sulfate.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for approximating a 5-angle color difference model are provided, where the 5-angle color difference model utilizes a 5-angle equation. In an exemplary embodiment, an apparatus includes a storage device for storing instructions and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions. The processor(s) are configured to receive 3-angle standard and test color measurements, and enter the 3-angle standard measurement into a neural network empirical model. The neural network empirical model includes a plurality of input nodes, a plurality of hidden nodes connected to the input nodes, and a plurality of output nodes connected to the hidden nodes. The neural network empirical model is configured to output 3-angle tolerance values, and to calculate a 3-angle color difference value using the 5-angle equation for at least one of the 3 color measurement angles using the 3-angle standard and test color measurements and the 3-angle tolerance values.

Abstract: A method of forming a coating layer on a fibrous mat to make a coated article includes depositing a coating composition on a carrier material and at least partially embedding a first major surface of a fibrous mat in the coating composition, the fibrous mat including a plurality of mat fibers. The coating composition is at least partially hardened to form a coating layer at the first major surface of the fibrous mat. A second major surface of the fibrous mat opposite the first major surface includes an uncoated portion of the plurality of mat fibers.

Abstract: Water-borne sealer compositions, multilayer coated substrates, and methods for building up a multilayer coating on a substrate are provided. In one example, a water-borne sealer composition includes an acrylic latex resin, a polyurethane dispersion (PUD), and water. The acrylic latex resin is free of a core-shell latex. The PUD includes a hydroxyl functional reaction product of polyisocyanate and a polyol including a polycarbonate diol.

Abstract: Coatings and methods of using and producing the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a coating includes a first ligand and a second ligand different than the first ligand. The first ligand includes a first carboxylic moiety, a first aromatic moiety, and a first linking moiety connecting the first carboxylic moiety to the first aromatic moiety. the first linking moiety includes an alkene. The second ligand includes a second carboxylic moiety. The coating includes a metal that is a lanthanoid metal, and the coating includes a coating resin.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for measurement of spatial properties of a moving surface coating containing flake pigment are provided herein. An exemplary apparatus includes a movable surface adapted to receive the surface coating. A motion device is in mechanical communication with the movable surface. A light source provides a beam of light directed at a preselected interrogation zone through which the movable surface passes during movement thereof. A light detection device detects light reflected from the preselected interrogation zone and produces an output. A computing device is configured to determine one or more spatial properties of the surface coating based upon the output. One or more of the light source, the light detection device, or the computing device are configured to adjust for the movement of the surface coating through the preselected interrogation zone as a variable that affects measurement of reflected light by the light detection device.

Abstract: Solvent-borne coating compositions and methods for forming coated substrates are provided. In one example, a solvent-borne coating composition includes a solvent(s), a colorant(s), a binder including one or more resins, a sag control agent, and a wax dispersion. The sag control agent includes urea crystals that are present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt. % to about 6 wt. % based on the weight of the binder. The wax dispersion includes ethylene vinyl acetate-based wax particles present in an amount of from about 3 wt. % to about 8 wt. % based on the weight of the binder. The solvent-borne coating composition has a non-volatile content of from about 11 to about 30 vol. % based on the volume of the solvent-borne coating composition.

Abstract: Organosilane condensates are described as well as their use in coating compositions, processes for making them and process for applying the coating compositions. The organosilane condensates can be formed from the hydrolysis of at least one medium to long chain trialkoxy silane compound, an amino silane and optionally one or more additional reactants. Coating compositions containing the organosilane condensates can provide coatings having improved scratch and mar resistance and can have excellent recoat adhesion.

Abstract: This description relates to low VOC water borne coating compositions with improved application properties based on a binder mixture comprising an urethanized polyester and an acrylic two-step polymer. This description further relates to the use of the low VOC water borne coating compositions for forming a coating, preferably for forming a clear coat, and more preferably for forming a clear coat in refinishing applications. Moreover, this description also relates to a method of forming a multilayer coating comprising a step of forming a coating layer by using the low VOC water borne coating composition.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a sample database are provided, where the sample database is for matching a target coating. In one embodiment, the system comprises a sample database stored on a storage device. The sample database includes a sample coating formula and a sample image feature with at least one sample coating formula linked to at least one sample image feature. At least one sample image feature includes a spatial micro-color analysis that includes a value determined by a sample pixel feature difference between at least two sample pixels.

Abstract: An epoxy resin emulsion includes a continuous phase including an aqueous carrier and an acid. The emulsion also includes a dispersed phase including an epoxy resin. The epoxy resin is the reaction product of an amine compound and a first epoxy reactant. The first epoxy reactant itself includes the reaction product of (1) an aromatic diol monomer, (2) a di-glycidyl ether of Bisphenol A and/or a di-glycidyl ether of catechol, and (3) a C8-C18 alkyl phenolic end-capping agent. The (1) aromatic diol monomer has the structure: In this structure, each of R1-R4 is independently a hydrogen atom, a C1-C8 alkyl group, a C3-C8 cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a halide group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a blocked isocyanate group, or a C1-C8 alkyloxy group or wherein any two or more of R1-R4 may be a fused ring.

Abstract: A paint spray gun comprises a spray gun body; an air cap; and a hollow needle capable of assuming at least an open position enabling the passage of paint therethrough and a closed position; at least one air distribution channel for atomizing air; and at least one air distribution channel for fan air. A fluid spray single two stage nozzle includes first and second internal surfaces at first and second predetermined angles, respectively, with respect to a rotational axis of symmetry of the nozzle, wherein the first angled surface is proximate a forward opening of the nozzle, the second angled surface is aft of the first angled surface, the first angle is in a range of substantially 0.05 to thirty degrees, and the second angle ranges from substantially 0.1 to sixty degrees greater than that of the first angle.

Abstract: Coating adhesion promotors and methods of coating a substrate are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of coating a substrate includes applying an adhesion promotor over a primer, where the primer overlies the substrate. The adhesion promotor includes water. A first colored coat is applied over the adhesion promotor, and the first colored coat is flash dried. Tape is applied in a pattern over the first colored coat prior to the first colored coat fully curing. A second colored coat is applied over the first colored coat and over the tape, and the tape is removed from the first colored coat prior to the first colored coat fully curing.

Abstract: Coating compositions for coil coating, methods for making such coating compositions and coil coating methods are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a coating composition includes an organic solvent carrier and a film-forming binder dispersed in the organic solvent carrier. The film-forming binder contains an epoxy-amine adduct and a blocked or unblocked polyisocyanate crosslinking agent. The film-forming binder has associated amine groups until subjected to a temperature of at least about 165.5° C. (330° F.). The coating composition also contains a pigment and a grinding resin. The coating composition has a solids content of at least about 50 wt. % based on a total weight of the coating composition.

Abstract: Systems and method for matching appearance of a target coating on a substrate is provided herein. The system includes a coating chip including a chip coating layer. The chip coating layer has a chip coarseness. The system further includes an illumination component configured to illuminate the chip coating layer with a light having an illumination color. The chip coating layer exhibits the chip coarseness and the illumination color in the presence of the light having the illumination color. The chip coating layer exhibiting the chip coarseness and the illumination color is utilized for matching the appearance of the target coating.

Abstract: A system for measuring the reflectivity of a painted object includes an electromagnetic wave source that emits an electromagnetic wave, a panel that holds the painted object, with the panel being movable to adjust an incident angle of the electromagnetic wave onto the panel, a reflector to receive and direct electromagnetic waves that are reflected by the painted object towards the reflector, a detector to detect an intensity of electromagnetic waves, and a control unit. The control unit is communicatively connected to the panel and to the detector. The control unit determines the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave, receives the intensity of the electromagnetic wave detected by the detector, and determines the reflectivity of the painted object as a function of the intensity of the electromagnetic wave detected by the detector over a predetermined range of incident angle values.

Abstract: A coating composition for coating a substrate is provided herein. The coating composition includes a first polymer including a first polymer-bound moiety having an acid-functional group, or a derivative thereof. The coating composition further includes a second polymer including a second polymer-bound moiety having an amine-functional group. The coating composition further includes a solvent. The first polymer is substantially free of amine-functional groups and the second polymer is substantially free of acid-functional groups, or derivatives thereof. The acid-functional groups and the amine-functional groups are substantially reactive to each other at least after application of the coating composition to the substrate.