Abstract: Purification of liquid agricultural wastes, such as, in particular, liquid anure, by means of an algae/bacteria mixture culture and a subsequent rotifer culture in a separate stage. The pH-value of the algae/bacteria mixture culture is controlled, especially by the waste water charging thereof, in such a way that a multiplication of rotifers in this stage is inhibited or precluded. The algae/bacteria mixture culture preferably occurs in shallow open air ponds for a period of time which depends upon the temperature and can amount to three to six days at a mean temperature of approximately 18.degree. C. The hold time of the algae/bacteria suspension which is in the rotifer container and is adjusted to a pH of 6 to 8 can range from two to four days at a temperature of approximately 20.degree. C. A waste water treatment plant or system for the foregoing includes at least one algae/bacteria mixture culture reservoir and at least one rotifer reactor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing waste products from solutions of fission products, especially nitric solutions, which contain ruthenium. The method utilizes concentration and solidification, especially vitrification, with the solution being concentrated to a solid content of at least about 15 to 20% in a vacuum at a pressure of at most about 50 mm Hg. The apparatus includes a vacuum evaporator, a subsequent mixing device which is fed by nitrate decomposing agents and vitrifiers, and a vitrifying oven. A drying device may be interposed between the mixing device and the oven. Preferably an ammonia derivative, especially urea, is added to the concentrate before solidification.

Abstract: A core energy plant with closed working gas circuit, in which within an or safety container there are arranged a reactor core of pre-stressed concrete for heating the working gas, a working gas driven turbo-set with generator, and other components of the working gas circuit such as heat exchanger and gas storage means. The reactor core is separated from the turbo-set and other components and is arranged in a separate reactor chamber with walls of pre-stressed concrete, while the other components are respectively arranged in separate chambers, within an inner concrete container which has chambers for receiving the turbo-set with generator and the remaining components of the working gas circuit and which has its outer wall arranged adjacent the vertical inner wall of the outer safety container there is provided a recess for a pre-stressed concrete container for receiving the reactor core.

Abstract: A method of actuating absorber rods in pebble bed reactors, according to which the rod is moved into or out of the ball pile with limited advancing speed in a turning or rotary manner. A feeding or advancing force is transmitted onto the rod being introduced, and this force does not exceed the appropriate maximum value of the ball strength and the rod stability. The drive provided for the foregoing procedure effects both a longitudinal shifting and rotation of a rod connected therewith, and has an axially fixed advancing spindle, the spindle nut of which is rigidly connected with the absorber rod and is journalled in a rotary pipe or tube in such a way as to be axially displaceable yet fixed against rotation, with the rotary tube being driven at a constant speed. During removal or outward travel of the rod from the ball pile, a fixed transmission ratio exists between the driving mechanism and driven end, which fixed transmission is generated with the aid of a freewheel or free-running drive.

Abstract: A method for increasing the current yield or electrolytic efficiency of a sion electrolysis, especially water electrolysis, with which an anodic oxygen separation occurs. Lithium ions are added to the fusion electrolyte. Such lithium ions may be added by adding lithium as hydroxide or fluoride, sulfate or carbonate. The lithium addition amounts to at least 15 Mol % of the melt. Electrolyte is formed by a lithium hydroxide containing alkali hydroxide melt.

Abstract: An apparatus for extracting pulverous or granular material from a mixture means of a solvent brought into contact with the mixtue. A receptacle is provided for receiving the material to be extracted as well as the solvent. A conduit system is connected with the lower portion of the receptacle and empties into the upper portion of the receptacle. Within the conduit system is arranged a device for conveying the solvent to be withdrawn from the receptacle as well as the mixture containing the material to be extracted. The device also serves to mechanically form a dispersion of the material to be extracted in the solvent. The device includes a rotatable body operated at a speed of 10,000 to 30,000 rpm.

Abstract: A television-type system for displaying characters of an alpha-numeric test n a horizontal line moving across the face of a TV monitor includes pulse-generator-fed frequency dividers emitting pulse sequences of which three are transmitted via viewer-operated selectors for forming two frequencies f.sub.L and f.sub.Z applied to shift registers of a character generator to determine character height and width and another frequency f.sub.G applied to the stepping input of a delay-increment counter to determine character speed. In response to character codes transmitted from an input unit via a read/write memory, the character generator emits binary signals combinable with horizontal and vertical sync pulses into a video signal fed to the monitor. The counter is reset upon every horizontal sync pulse to have a modulus n equal to the contents of a total-delay counter stepped by the vertical sync pulses and reset after N of the same by a divder calculating the quotient N=T.sub.Z /T.sub.

Abstract: A heat-coalescible graphitic aggregate for making graphite molds, graphite uel elements or moderating elements for nuclear reactors, and so on, is made by first forming a suspension of carbon particles in an alkaline solution of phenolformaldehyde. The suspension is then mixed together with acidulated water, the latter being heated to 40.degree. to 70.degree. C. to accelerate the reaction, with violent mixing, as in a jet device, causing a skin of insoluble phenolformaldehyde to be applied as a coating to each of the particles in suspension, which particles readily settle out and are soon separated by decanting and filtration, after which the composite solid is dried and the aqueous liquid is neutralized before being discarded.

Abstract: Grill gates respectively formed by oppositely moving, interfitting rod combs with gaps between the rods which are smaller than the particle diameter are so arranged so that each comb may be individually moved to the open position and shut again without allowing any of the even sized particles of the bulk material to pass through the other comb while testing the readiness of the comb operating system. Grooves of circular arc cross-section fitting the size of the spheres of a high-temperature reactor are provided in the upstream sides of the wall produced by the interfitting combs to enable close packing of the spheres against the closure wall in an ordered arrangement that allows either comb to be withdrawn and reinserted without breakage of the spherical elements. The grooves are oriented in the length dimension of the comb rods, and one set of comb rods provides the groove bottoms and the adjoining rods of the other set the cooperating groove flanks.

Abstract: A device for determining the average period of a low-frequency periodic sal comprises a counter receiving stepping pulses from a high-frequency pulse generator and resetting pulses from a phase-angle detector monitoring the periodic signal. A shift register is loaded with the count of the counter in response to each pulse generated by the detector, an adder at an output of the shift register emitting a signal coding the sum of the contents of this register. Another shift register is loaded under the control of the detector with the output sums of the adder and has a first and a last storage cell connected to a substractor which emits a signal indicating changes in average period. Further registers and summing circuitry may be inserted between the adder and the additional shift register for increasing the number of periods taken to form each average-period estimate.

Abstract: The radiant heat of the graphite carrier of a LaB.sub.6 cathode is utilized o heat the input diaphragm of the monochromator of an electron spectrometer by opening up the aperture in the repeller electrode that provides magnetic shielding from the heating current and through which the emitting portion of the cathode projects, so that the entire surface of the graphite carrier can radiate heat towards the input diaphragm. The spacing of the point of the cathode from the graphite carrier may be increased in order to accord with the provision of additional heat in the carrier for radiation to the diaphragm. The radiant heat raises the temperature of the diaphragm and thereby reduces electrostatic charges resulting from bombardment of the diaphragm by electrons from the cathode, allowing a larger beam current to be monochromatized.

Abstract: A supporting web of synthetic fibers in which a permanently magnetic powder s embedded is used to hold fine magnetic particles in a matrix for interaction with dissolved or dispersed substances present in a liquid or gas flowing through the matrix. The magnetic force in the supporting web produced by the embedded powder lends flow resistance to the adhering particle matrix making it possible to use smaller particles effectively. Catalytic effects can be produced if the magnetic particles are coated with a nonmagnetic material having a catalytic effect for the dissolved or suspended substance, as the costing does not interfere with the tenacity of the magnetically supported matrix. A matrix with particles of a ferrimagnetic compound are useful for removal of metal ions and metal complex ions from water solution as for example uranium.

Abstract: Particles of electrically conducting activated carbon of about 500 to 1,000 m.sup.2 /g specific surface added to an electrolyte provided by a solution of sulfur dioxide in water are found to provide a substantial reduction of the electrical energy requirement in the electrolysis of such an electrolyte for the production of hydrogen and sulfuric acid. A further reduction of energy consumption is obtained by additionally introducing iodine in the electrolyte in an amount not exceeding 1% by weight of the entire solution. Use of an anode in which the surface of a graphite base body is coated with a thin layer of activated carbon bonded to the graphite body by means of a binder, such as rubber, also reduces the electrical energy requirement for the electrolysis. To coat the surface of the electrode, carbon particles are first dispersed in a rubber solution and the suspension is then applied to the surface of the graphite body as a thin layer.

Abstract: A voltammetric cell, particularly for the determination of trace elements in a liquid, such as water, comprises a cover in which the measuring electrode and a reference electrode are mounted and which sealingly engages the cell vessel so that the contents of the latter will be sealed from contamination by the environment during the measuring process. The exchangeable meauring electrode has an analysis cup or crucible within the vessel into which the electrode can be inserted, the bottom of the vessel having a configuration complementary to the external configuration of the replaceable crucible or cup. The cup may have a downwardly tapering frustoconical configuration and the base of the vessel can have a corresponding downwardly tapering recess accommodating at least the bottom of the cup.

Abstract: On a sheet steel carrier a suspension containing a binder and nickel powder r a powder containing a nickel alloy in a volatile suspension medium is applied, with or without an additional pore-forming material, and the sintered to produce a porous sintered layer. Alternatively, this sintered layer can be obtained by depositing and consolidating the powdered mixture on the carrier with the aid of a plasma gun. A nickel/zinc alloy is then precipitated electrolytically on the sintered material thus produced and, finally, the zinc is dissolved out by dipping in lye. The carrier may be of metal and particularly a wire lattice of nickel or iron. It may also be a solid electrolyte membrane, such as a disc of .beta.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A beam guidance for electron beam tests, especially of solid bodies. The ctrons cathodically emitted and electron-optically bundled are subjected at least to an energy selection in a cylinder condenser deflection unit and are subsequently detected or indicated in a detector. The emission and bundling systems are arranged in such a way that the electrons, in the plane at right angles to the cylinder condenser axis, are focused upon the inlet shield or baffle of the condenser, yet are focused at right angles thereto upon the detector.

Abstract: In order to prevent a protective carbide layer on a graphitic molded arti from splitting off under thermal stress, an external carbide layer is provided on a graphitic molded article having a graded content of silicon or zirconium (in the carbide state) that increases from near zero at the interior boundary of the layer to about 50 atomic percent at the exterior. Such a layer is produced either by dipping the graphitic molded article into melted silicon, dipping it into a succession of suspensions of carbon and either silicon or zirconium, with a greater silicon or zirconium content in each successive dip, the suspensions also including a binder resin, or by applying layers of a paste of carbon and either silicon or zirconium, also with some resin, each successive layer having a higher silicon or zirconium content.

Abstract: A control circuit for a continuous conversion of information carrying anaous voltage and current signals into digital magnitudes containing said information, the respective digital magnitude is so coded that always one digital magnitude differs from the next higher digital magnitude merely by a one-digit digital information value. The circuit of the invention is characterized primarily in that for a simultaneous reception of the signals there are provided one or more serially arranged analogous digital converters as well as control stages comprising one or more groups, while the groups for folding the signals are formed by differential converters which emit the folded signals at the exit of the respective group and while an analogous digital converter follows the control stage or stages. The analogous digital converter forms informational values of the digital magnitudes by a subdivision of the signals.

Abstract: A measuring device, for practically simultaneous measurement of a temperae difference and an absolute temperature, with temperature precision resistors for the temperatures. Both temperature precision resistors, along with a reference resistor, are arranged in parallel, with time switches provided in the current supply lines thereof, with the aid of which these resistors are sequentially supplied from a common constant power source with equal current pulses during predetermined time intervals. Condensers or capacitors are provided in parallel to the individual resistors and are sequentially charged, with the aid of a time window switching during time intervals lying within the current pulse time intervals over sense lines and differential switches to the pulse voltages which fall at the resistors.

Abstract: A mass, and method of preparing such mass, and using the same for adsorbing metal ions from a physiological solution by means of living cells suspended in the solution. The cells suspended in the solution at a density of up to 20% by weight are exposed to an electric field of such intensity and over such a period of time that the membrane of the cells will be so changed that substances present in the interior of the cells and having a diameter within the range of from 2 to 50 A, such as potassium and proteins, pass from the interior of the cells into the physiological solution. The electric force or intensity is limited in such a way that the changes in the membrane of the cells can be healed by regeneration of the cells. The mass is introduced into the aqueous solution, such as sea water, lake water or waste water, and left therein until the mass as adsorbed therefrom the metal at a desired concentration, whereupon the mass is separated from the aqueous solution.