Abstract: A copper mold release material comprising titanium dioxide slurried in a liquid medium. The titanium dioxide is easily removed from a casting, if any adhers thereto, by washing with, for example, water and does not contaminate electrolytes utilized in electrolytic refining processes.

Abstract: A process for improving the yield of soluble coal products separated from a residuum feed in a coal deashing process. In operation, an additive comprising (i) at least a portion of a distillate fraction preferably recovered from the coal liquefaction products from which the residuum feed is derived, (ii) a portion of recycled heavy soluble coal products, (iii) a portion of recycled light soluble coal products, or (iv) admixtures thereof is introduced in predetermined quantities into the residuum feed prior to entry into a separation zone maintained at elevated temperature and pressure to effect an improved separation of the soluble coal products from the insoluble coal products within the residuum feed.

Abstract: An improved coal deashing process wherein a feed mixture comprising soluble coal products, insoluble coal products, and deashing solvent at a first temperature level is separated in a first separation zone into a first light fraction and a first heavy fraction comprising the insoluble coal products and some of the deashing solvent through admixing predetermined quantities of an additive with the feed mixture prior to separation to provide an improved yield of recoverable soluble coal products. Alternatively, the additive is admixed with the first light fraction prior to subsequent separations to provide an improved yield of recoverable soluble coal products.

Abstract: A coal deashing process wherein a feed mixture comprising soluble coal products, insoluble coal products and solvent is separated in a first separation zone into a first heavy phase and a first light phase comprising soluble coal products, solvent and some insoluble coal products. The first light phase is withdrawn and introduced into a second separation zone wherein it separates into a second heavy phase comprising insoluble coal products, soluble coal products and some solvent and a second light phase comprising soluble coal products and solvent. The second heavy phase is withdrawn and at least a portion is recycled to the first separation zone to increase the yield of separable soluble coal products ultimately recovered by the process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for removing finely divided insoluble particulate materials from crude shale oils. A feed comprising crude shale oil that contains insoluble particulate material is mixed with a solvent and thereafter separated in a first separation zone into a first light fraction comprising the crude shale oil and the solvent and a first heavy fraction comprising the insoluble particulate material, some crude shale oil and some dissolving solvent. The first light fraction then is withdrawn and subjected to a second separation in a second separation zone. In the second separation zone, the first light fraction is separated into a plurality of fractions of crude shale oil and solvent. The crude shale oil fractions then are separated, withdrawn and subjected to subsequent hydrorefining, while the solvent is recovered and recycled to provide additional feed mixture.

Abstract: An improved process for the continuous discharge from a first separation zone of a first heavy fraction comprising insoluble coal products and solvent in a coal deashing process utilizing solvents at elevated pressures and temperatures near the critical temperature of the solvent. The continuous discharge of the insoluble coal products in a dry, powdery form, is achieved by monitoring the temperature level of the solvent and insoluble coal products within a transfer conduit after withdrawal and pressure reduction from the first separation zone operating pressure, at a temperature below about 550 degrees F.

Abstract: An improved coal deashing process wherein coal is mixed with a coal liquefaction process solvent, solubilized and flashed to provide a prepared mixture and the prepared mixture is mixed with a deashing solvent to produce a feed mixture. Thereafter, the feed mixture is separated in a first separation zone into a first heavy fraction comprising insoluble coal products and a first light fraction comprising soluble coal products and solvents. The first light fraction is recovered and a second portion of the deashing solvent is mixed with the first light fraction prior to introduction into a second separation zone wherein an improved separation occurs to produce a second light fraction comprising the solvents and a second heavy fraction comprising the soluble coal products which is recovered.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for maintaining continuous operation of a coal deashing process during periods of normal operation wherein a dry, powdery ash concentrate composition is produced and during process upsets wherein undesired semi-solids or fluid compositions are produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process wherein solidified coal liquefaction products with or without other solid materials can be simultaneously melted and introduced at an elevated pressure into a process unit. The melting and introduction of the coal liquefaction products with or without other solid materials into the process unit is accomplished by an extruder.

Abstract: An improved mining apparatus for excavating material, such as coal, for example, from an earth formation, such as a coal seam, for example, wherein a miner, having a forward and a rearward cutter, is guided through the coal seam and excavates a borehole therein, the borehole being filled with a working fluid during the operation of the miner, the working fluid facilitating the operation of the miner and providing a vehicle for removing the mined material. Substantially all of the operations of the miner are controlled from the earth's surface thereby eliminating the necessity and accompanying hazards and costs involved in utilizing personnel underground during the mining operations.

Abstract: A process for maintaining the fluid-like properties of a heavy phase being withdrawn from a separation zone maintained at elevated temperature and pressure during periods in which the flow of this heavy phase is terminated due to pressure reduction valve plugging or to permit cleaning of downstream processing apparatus. When the flow of withdrawn heavy phase is interrupted, deashed coal is melted, if necessary, and introduced under pressure into the withdrawal conduit to mix with the heavy phase therein. The mixture of deashed coal and heavy phase retains the fluid-like properties exhibited by the heavy phase and flow can be resumed once the downstream apparatus is repaired. Alternatively, other high-boiling aromatic materials may be used instead of the deashed coal.

Abstract: An improved coal deashing process wherein soluble dissolved coal present in the ash concentrate product stream from a critical solvent deashing process can be separated and recovered from the ash concentrate by at least two alternate processing systems.In one such system, the ash concentrate (containing dissolved and undissolved coal) is admixed with a suitable organic solubilizing solvent to obtain partial redissolution, at elevated temperature and at pressures of atmospheric and above, and thereafter subjecting said mixture to a separation treatment. The liquid product thus separated, containing substantially all of the dissolved coal and only a minor amount of mineral ash, thereafter is recycled to the initial coal dissolution step to thereby provide a portion of the initial solvent necessary for preparation of the coal feed.

Abstract: An improved bipolar electrode having an anodic member and a cathodic member connected in an assembled position spaced a distance apart with a connector constructed of an electrically conductive material disposed between and engaging portions of the anodic member and the cathodic member, the connector mechanically supporting the anodic and the cathodic members in a spaced apart relationship and establishing electrical continuity therebetween.

Abstract: An improved coal deashing process wherein coal is mixed with a first dissolving solvent, solubilized and flashed to provide a prepared mixture, and the prepared mixture is mixed with a second dissolving solvent to produce a feed mixture. The insoluble coal products produced are separated from the feed mixture as a first heavy fraction in a first separation zone and the soluble coal products are recovered as a second heavy fraction from a second separation zone. The second dissolving solvent is recovered from the first heavy fraction and the second heavy fraction for recycling to aid in the production of the feed mixture. The first dissolving solvent is recovered from the first and the second heavy fractions and recycled to aid in solubilization of the coal.

Abstract: An improved process for providing an aqueous slurry of an ash concentrate composition wherein predetermined amounts of the composition are mixed into a solution of water and a surfactant at a predetermined rate. The slurry is pumpable and is produced via the process of the present invention without the necessity of providing pH adjustments.

Abstract: A logging method and apparatus for measuring parameters of an earth formation near a borehole wherein a first downhole logging device is connected to a first surface measuring apparatus via a coaxial cable in a first mode of operation of the logging apparatus and wherein a second downhole logging device is connected to a second surface measuring apparatus and to a surface power supply via the coaxial cable in a second mode of operation of the logging apparatus, the second downhole logging device being connected to the coaxial cable in response to the surface power supply being connected to the coaxial cable.

Abstract: In accordance with this invention, oil shale is introduced into a lock which discharges into a closed, vertical, stationary kiln fitted with mechanisms which cause the particulate oil shale to move continuously downwardly in a controlled, uniform plug type flow. The shale is heated by a counter flow of hot, nonoxidizing gases to the temperature required to pyrolyze the kerogen. The gaseous fraction of the kerogen joins the counter flowing gases for removal from the top of the kiln. The hot particulate shale containing the carbonaceous fraction of the kerogen moves downwardly through a second lock into a conveyance connected to the top of a second similar kiln wherein the carbonaceous residue is reacted with gaseous water and oxygen in a cocurrent manner to supply heat to the decarbonized shale and to produce carbon oxides and hydrogen.

Abstract: An improved coal processing system wherein a feed mixture (including coal, dissolving solvent, insoluble coal products and soluble coal products) at a first temperature level is separated in a first separation zone into a heavy fraction including the insoluble coal products and a light fraction and, thereafter, the heavy fraction is withdrawn from the first separation zone and heated to a second temperature level higher than the first temperature level and in which the second temperature level is sufficiently high to produce a heavy fraction that is flowable.

Abstract: An improved coal processing system wherein relatively small droplets of a feed mixture (including both soluble and insoluble coal products) are dispersed in a first separation zone and contacted, countercurrently with a dissolving solvent to form a heavy fraction containing the insoluble coal products and a separate light fraction containing the soluble coal products.

Abstract: An improved system for processing coal wherein a feed mixture (comprising a dissolving solvent, insoluble coal products and soluble coal products) is separated in a first separation zone, provided with a coalescing section, into a first heavy fraction and a first light fraction (comprising soluble coal products, the dissolving solvent and some insoluble coal products), and a portion of the insoluble coal products is separated from the first light fraction by contacting at least the first light fraction with the coalescing section. Such contacting reduces the amount of insoluble coal products in the first light fraction withdrawn from the first separation zone.