Abstract: Pigmentary titanium dioxide having a high durability when used in paint or the like exposed to solar radiation and methods of producing such pigmentary titanium dioxide are provided. The durable pigmentary titanium dioxide of the invention is comprised of rutile titanium dioxide particles having cerium oxide and dense amorphous silica deposited thereon. The particles preferably also have an outer coating of hydrous alumina deposited thereon.

Abstract: A continuous method of preparing a single phase lithiated manganese oxide intercalation compound of the formula Li.sub.1+x Mn.sub.2-x O.sub.4 comprising the steps of: mixing intimately a lithium hydroxide or a lithium salt and a manganese oxide or a manganese salt; feeding the intimately mixed salts to a reactor; continuously agitating the mixed salts in the reactor; heating the agitated mixed salts in the reactor at a temperature of from about 650.degree. C. to about 800.degree. C. for a time not in excess of about 4 hours in an oxygen-containing atmosphere; and cooling the reacted product to less than about 200.degree. C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere for a time not in excess of about 2 hours.

Abstract: Improved alumina-coated inorganic pigments having a first coating of boehmite alumina, a second coating of amorphous alumina, and a third coating of boehmite alumina which exhibit good durability, dispersibility, and optical properties in plastic compositions are disclosed. Also disclosed is a process whereby an aqueous slurry of an alumina-containing inorganic pigment is milled to achieve a particular particle size distribution, a first coating of boehmite alumina is precipitated onto the pigment material within a first pH range, a second amount of an alumina coating agent is added to the aqueous slurry within a second pH range to obtain a second coating of amorphous alumina over the first boehmite alumina coating, and then the pH of the slurry is adjusted to a third pH range thus forming a third boehmite alumina coating over the second amorphous alumina coating.

Abstract: A method for separating coarse particles from TiO.sub.2 powder in a fine powder composition by the steps of: providing a system in which a source of the fine powder composition communicates with a minimally fluidizable bed of the fine powder composition within the system; delivering the fine powder composition from the source to the bed; imparting energy into the bed and delivering a fluidizing gas to the bed at a rate to cause the TiO.sub.2 powder and coarse particles of the fine powder composition to separate into a TiO.sub.2 powder phase and a coarse particle phase; removing the TiO.sub.2 powder from the system; and removing the coarse particles from the system.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing a particulate product including electrostatically charging a fuel and/or oxidizer and/or ionizable inert gas present during the synthesis is provided. The method can include a step of collecting the particulate product which exploits the charged nature of the particulate reaction product.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing Li.sub.2 Mn.sub.2 O.sub.4 comprising the steps of providing LiMn.sub.2 O.sub.4 ; providing a source of lithium; dissolving lithium from the lithium source in a liquid medium in which lithium generates solvated electrons or the reduced form of an electron-transfer catalyst; and contacting the LiMn.sub.2 O.sub.4 with the liquid medium containing the dissolved lithium and the solvated electrons or the reduced form of the electron-transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing Li.sub.2 Mn.sub.2 O.sub.4 comprising the steps of providing .beta.-MnO.sub.2 or .lambda.-MnO.sub.2 ; providing a source of lithium; dissolving lithium from the lithium source in a liquid medium in which lithium generates solvated electrons or the reduced form of an electron-transfer catalyst; and contacting the .beta.-MnO.sub.2 or .lambda.-MnO.sub.2 with the liquid medium containing the dissolved lithium and the solvated electrons or the reduced form of the electron-transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing Li.sub.2 M.sub.b Mn.sub.2-b O.sub.4 which comprises the steps of providing LiM.sub.b Mn.sub.2-b O.sub.4 ; providing a lithium salt; forming a mixture of the LiM.sub.b Mn.sub.2-b O.sub.4 and lithium salt in a liquid medium; adding a reducing agent to the mixture; heating for sufficient time to effect substantially complete conversion; and separating the product Li.sub.2 M.sub.b Mn.sub.2-b O.sub.4.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing Li.sub.2 M.sub.b Mn.sub.2-b O.sub.4 comprising the steps of providing LiM.sub.b Mn.sub.2-b O.sub.4 ; providing a source of lithium; dissolving lithium from the lithium source in a liquid medium in which lithium generates solvated electrons or the reduced form of an electron-transfer catalyst; and contacting the LiM.sub.b Mn.sub.2-b O.sub.4 with the liquid medium containing the dissolved lithium and the solvated electrons or the reduced form of the electron-transfer catalyst, wherein M is selected from the group Al, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu.

Abstract: A process for producing a conductive, fluorine-doped titanium dioxide product which is doped throughout, said process comprising the steps of: (a) reacting the precursors in a system to form fluorine-doped TiO.sub.2, said precursors consisting essentially of a titanium alkoxide and a fluorine source; (b) reducing the fluorine-doped titanium dioxide product at a temperature sufficient to form said conductive, fluorine-doped titanium dioxide product; and (c) recovering the reduced product.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing Li.sub.2 Mn.sub.2 O.sub.4 which comprises the steps of providing LiMn.sub.2 O.sub.4 ; providing a lithium salt; forming a solution or suspension of the LiMn.sub.2 O.sub.4 and lithium salt in a liquid medium; and adding a reducing agent to the solution or suspension.

Abstract: A process of converting high molecular hydrocarbon feedstock into lower molecular weight components in the presence of a homogenous catalysis system is disclosed. The catalysis system comprises a catalyst complex formed by the interaction of a metal halide-type Lewis acid, a protic Bronsted acid or Bronsted acid donor and a fluid hydrocarbon selected from a C.sub.2 -C.sub.14 alkane dissolved in a fluid hydrocarbon. The homogeneous catalysis system can be produced as a liquid phase or a supercritical fluid solution. The process is especially useful where the hydrocarbon feedstock consists of deasphalted oil or mixed paraffins. The hydrocrackate, especially that derived from paraffin feedstocks, has a carbon number distribution equivalent to that of the fluid hydrocarbon of the catalyst complex.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing TiO.sub.2 by reacting O.sub.2 and TiCl.sub.4 in a reactor tube wherein pressure fluctuations in the flow of fluids through the reactor tube are sensed and output signals are generated proportional to the sensed pressure fluctuations. The flow of at least one of the TiCl.sub.4 or O.sub.2 is then varied through the reactor tube in response to predetermined pressure fluctuations so as to increase the efficiency of the reaction between TiCl.sub.4 and the O.sub.2. The efficiency of the reaction between O.sub.2 and TiCl.sub.4 in the reactor tube is achieved by a control apparatus operably connected to the reactor assembly which is capable of monitoring pressure fluctuations in TCl.sub.4 and O.sub.2 through the reactor assembly so that the flow of at least one of the TiCl.sub.4 or O.sub.2 can be varied in response to predetermined pressure fluctuations. The control apparatus includes a sensor assembly, a signal conditioning unit and a signal processing unit.

Abstract: Improved methods and polymer compositions are provided whereby ultraviolet radiation degradation of substrates formed of the compositions is attenuated.In accordance with the invention, ultraviolet scattering and absorbing particles having a particle size in the range of from about 0.001 micrometer to about 0.20 micrometer in diameter are dispersed in at least a surface layer of a polymer substrate.

Abstract: Thermoplastic concentrates comprising inorganic pigments, such as titanium dioxide, treated with a partial ester polyol and unsaturated monocarboxylic acid treating agent, of the formula R(OH).sub.x COOR', wherein R is an alkyl or aryl radical containing from about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, R' is an unsaturated alkyl radical containing from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, and x is a number from about 2 to about 6, are disclosed. Such treatment improves the dispersibility of the pigments in thermoplastic resins. The treatment also enables the production of thermoplastic concentrates comprising a high percentage of treated inorganic pigment dispersed in a thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing TiO.sub.2 by reacting O.sub.2 and TICl.sub.4 in a reactor tube wherein pressure fluctuations in the flow of fluids through the reactor tube are sensed and output signals are generated proportional to the sensed pressure fluctuations. The flow of at least one of the TiCl.sub.4 or O.sub.2 is then varied through the reactor tube in response to predetermined pressure fluctuations so as to increase the efficiency of the reaction between TiCl.sub.4 and the O.sub.2. The efficiency of the reaction between O.sub.2 and TiCl.sub.4 in the reactor tube is achieved by a control apparatus operably connected to the reactor assembly which is capable of monitoring pressure fluctuations in TCl.sub.4 and O.sub.2 through the reactor assembly so that the flow of at least one of the TiCl.sub.4 or O.sub.2 can be varied in response to predetermined pressure fluctuations. The control apparatus includes a sensor assembly, a signal conditioning unit and a signal processing unit.

Abstract: A method for milling a powder in a high energy mill which includes steps of forming a milling slurry including a naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand grinding medium having a density in the range of from about 4 g/cc absolute to about 6 g/cc absolute. Also provided is a grinding medium including naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand characterized by a density in the range of from about 4 g/cc absolute to about 6 g/cc absolute.

Abstract: A discrete catalyst and processes for the alkylation of isoalkanes with alkenes under homogenous fluid conditions. The catalyst is formed by contacting, under fluid conditions, a homogenous fluid containing a paraffin hydrocarbon having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms with a Lewis acid/protic Bronsted acid pair to produce a discrete catalytic complex that is soluble in the fluid. The discrete catalyst is the reaction product of the acid pair and alkanes and includes hydrocarbon ligands of limited chain length rendering it soluble in the fluid. The catalyst is active for the alkylation of isoalkanes, under homogenous fluid conditions.

Abstract: A method for producing a milled powder including imparting an electrostatic charge to the starting powder and milling the electrostatically charged starting powder is provided.

Abstract: Improved methods and polymer compositions are provided whereby ultraviolet radiation degradation of substrates formed of the compositions is attenuated. In accordance with the invention, ultraviolet scattering and absorbing particles having a particle size in the range of from about 0.001 micrometer to about 0.20 micrometer in diameter are dispersed in at least a surface layer of a polymer substrate.