Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the recovery of a wood preservative chemical from aqueous waste sludges containing said wood preservative chemical in both its liquid and solid phases. The method comprises treating said aqueous waste sludges to effect an initial separation and recovery of the liquid and solid phases, individually. The recovered liquid phase comprises the first liquid phase product stream. The recovered solid phase then is subjected to elevated temperatures sufficient to liquefy the solid phase, said liquefied solid phase comprising the second liquid phase product stream. During the liquefaction of the recovered solid phase, it may be contacted with a quantity of a fresh wood preservative chemical, a portion of a dehydrated first liquid phase product stream or a portion of a dehydrated second liquid phase product stream to prevent the precipitation of any normally solid constituents therein and to enhance the liquefaction of said recovered solid phase.

Abstract: A method of recovering light organic solvent from a liquid mixture containing the solvent and a process material, such as asphaltenes or coal liquefaction products. The solvent-process material mixture is treated in a solvent separation zone to separate a first vapor phase rich in solvent and a first liquid phase rich in process material. At least a portion of the liquid in the solvent separation zone is transferred to a mixing zone, where the liquid is intimately contacted with steam, under shearing conditions. The steam-liquid phase mixture thus produced is returned to the solvent separation zone and treated to separate a second vapor phase, rich in steam and solvent, and a second liquid phase, rich in process material and substantially depleted of solvent. Solvent is recovered from the first and second vapor phases.

Abstract: A multi-stage coal liquefaction method in which coal is slurried with a primary light solvent, such as toluene, hexane and/or cyclohexane, and a process-derived primary heavy solvent. The coal-primary solvent slurry is treated under coal-liquefying conditions to form a first feed solution containing coal liquefaction products. The first feed solution is treated by a multi-stage supercritical solvent extraction procedure. The final heavy phase produced by this procedure is mixed with a secondary solvent, such as pentane, to produce a second feed mixture, which is treated in a second multi-stage supercritical solvent extraction procedure. Heavy phases recovered from the separate stages of both solvent extraction procedures are blended to provide a recycled primary heavy solvent.

Abstract: Metal detection apparatus includes an oscillator coil 101 driven by an oscillator 101, which induces in detector coils 103,104 equal and opposite E.M.F.s such that a nominally zero output is produced at terminals D.E. When metal is detected the E.M.F.s in coils 103,4 move out balance to produce a voltage at D.E., which is detected by circuit IC11 and fed to output circuits 111. Drifts in the nominally zero output at D.E. are corrected by combining quadraphase balancing signals on lines 109,110 with the detector coil output by means of amplifier IC10. The combined signal from IC10 is fed to phase sensitive detectors IC1,2 which respectively detect the quadraphase components of the combined signal from IC10. The outputs of IC1,2 are stored by capacitor circuits 112,113 and used to adjust variable capacity diode bridges 106,7 which adjust the amplitude of the balancing signals to maintain a nominally zero output from IC10 when metal is not being detected.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur oxide content of flue gases produced by combustion of sulfur-containing coal containing cations of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or both, in ion exchangeable form. Flue gases containing sulfur oxides are recycled to contact coal awaiting combustion. Sulfur oxides are adsorbed on the coal during the contact step, react with alkali metal and alkaline earth metal cations, and are oxidized to form sulfate reaction products. When the treated coal is burned, these reaction products are retained in the coal ash.

Abstract: A method of liquefying coal in which coal is mixed with a process solvent comprising at least partially hydrogenated coal tar material to produce a coal-solvent slurry. This slurry is treated under coal-liquefying conditions, preferably including a hydrogen atmosphere and elevated temperatures, to produce a solution containing coal liquefaction products. These products are recovered from the solution. Recovered, process-derived solvent material may be recycled in order to supplement the at least partially hydrogenated coal tar material as an ingredient of the process solvent.

Abstract: A method for loading particles, such as coal, into a plurality of railroad cars wherein a control weight of a railroad car loaded with particles is established. Each of the railroad cars is weighed prior to loading particles into the railroad car from a weigh bin to determine an unfilled weight of each railroad car and the unfilled weight of each railroad car is compared with the control weight to determine an unfilled differential weight for each railroad car. The particles are loaded into the weigh bin from a surge bin and the surge bin is weighed as the particles are being loaded into the weigh bin from the surge bin so the loading of particles into the weigh bin can be terminated when a weight of particles has been loaded into the weigh bin about equal to and less than the unfilled differential weight associated with the railroad car to be loaded with the unfilled differential weight of particles.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing caustic soda solutions from naturally occurring alkaline minerals comprising double salts of sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate. The process comprises heating said naturally occurring alkaline minerals to temperatures sufficient to dehydrate and partially decarbonate said alkaline minerals and provide an intermediate product of a mixture of sodium carbonate and calcium oxide. This intermediate then is contacted with water to effect causticization of the sodium carbonate and provide a recoverable phase comprising an aqueous solution of caustic soda.

Abstract: A nested, two-piece, child-resistent closure is provided which includes an inner cap having a rigid, non-deformable upper end and a cylindrical skirt with a smooth outer surface and threaded inner surface. The outer upper end of the inner cap includes a series of upwardly projecting lugs arranged adjacent the center thereof. A series of upwardly projecting segments, of a height less than that of the lugs, is arranged about the periphery of the upper end of the inner cap. The outer cap, coaxially aligned with and generally overlapping the inner cap, has a resilient upper end and a cylindrical skirt with a smooth inner surface. Depending downwardly from the inner surface of the outer cap's upper end is a series of lugs aligned with the lugs on the inner cap to provide unidirectional drive means in the closure direction.

Abstract: An electrode assembly, having improved dimensional stability, for use in the electrolytic production of manganese dioxide and comprising a hanger bar member, at least one corrugated panel member having oppositely opposed upper and lower ends, said at least one panel member being fixedly attached to said hanger bar member at the upper end of said at least one panel member and a stiffening bar member fixedly attached to said lower end of said at least one corrugated panel member.

Abstract: A method for producing carbonaceous-derived solid fuel products comprising subjecting a carbonaceous material to a temperature sufficient to remove a substantial portion of water inherent in said carbonaceous material, pyrolyzing at least a portion of the dried carbonaceous material to form a carbonaceous-based char material and simultaneously recover carbonaceous-based tar by-products and contacting at least one material selected from the group consisting of the dried carbonaceous material and the carbonaceous-based char material with a water-in-tar emulsion, said emulsion being prepared from said recovered carbonaceous-based tar by-products.

Abstract: A child-resistant, tamper-evident closure having nested inner and outer caps with ratchet teeth on the interfacing skirt walls of the respective caps to cooperate to fasten the closure onto the container, and ratchet teeth on the interfacing top walls of the respective caps for removal of the closure upon simultaneous application of torque and a downward force. The inner cap further includes a tamper-indicating ring depending from the lower edge of its skirt, the ring including a breakable connection for detachably securing the lower portion thereof to the inner cap skirt. A plurality of tabs extending upwardly and radially inwardly from the ring engage an annular shoulder on the container during the removal of the closure to break the ring away from the inner cap skirt.

Abstract: Broadly, the present invention provides for improvements in the manufacture of compacted or molded articles of blended mixtures of additive metals for use in the preparation of alloys of base metals. The improvements comprise the addition to blended mixtures of additive metals of at least one processing aid comprising at least one polyglycol or a derivative thereof to the blended mixture of metals in a stabilizing and lubricating amount.

Abstract: A tamper-evident closure is provided which includes a threaded cap and tamper-indicating means having upwardly and inwardly folded tabs which lock against the lower surface of an annular shoulder on a container neck to retain the tamper-indicating means on the neck as the cap is removed. The tamper-indicating means includes a ring to which the tabs are integrally connected at their lower outer ends. The tabs are resilient and are flexed by the container finish at the joints where they are joined to the ring. The closure of the present invention may be installed simply by screwing it onto a container neck in a one-step process. The flexible tabs assist in guiding the closure and centering it as it is lowered onto the container neck for installing and do not require the holding of the closure or the container finish to close tolerances in order to be consistently effective.

Abstract: A tamper-evident closure is provided which includes a threaded cap and tamper-indicating means having upwardly and inwardly folded tabs which lock against the lower surface of an annular shoulder on a container neck to retain the tamper-indicating means on the neck as the cap is removed. The tamper-indicating means includes a ring to which the tabs are integrally connected at their lower outer ends. The tabs are resilient and are flexed by the container finish at the joints where they are joined to the ring. The closure of the present invention may be installed simply by screwing it onto a container neck in a one-step process. The flexible tabs assist in guiding the closure and centering it as it is lowered onto the container neck for installing and do not require the holding of the closure or the container finish to close tolerances in order to be consistently effective.

Abstract: A child-resistent, moisture-tight safety closure having an end wall with an annular depending skirt, the skirt having a plurality of locking lugs disposed on the inside thereof. The locking lugs cooperate with retaining notches adjacent to the open mouth of an associated container to releasably retain the closure on the container. A sealing plug integral with the end wall of the closure and concentric with the annular skirt effects a moisture-tight seal with the inner wall of the container. A plurality of resilient members are integral with the interior of the closure at the junction of the top wall and the skirt, the resilient members extending downwardly and inwardly so as to engage the end surface of the container opening. The compression of the resilient members serves to bias the locking lugs on the closure into locking relationship with the retaining notches on the container with a force sufficient to ensure the child-resistant characteristics of the closure.

Abstract: In the manufacture of particulated metal oxides by the vapor phase oxidation of volatile metal halides, hot gaseous effluent streams are produced which, after separation of the desired particulated metal oxide therefrom, contain residual amounts of the particulated metal oxide as well as unreacted, volatile metal halide and halogen gas. The method of this invention provides for the recovery of these materials, individually, through a succession of contacting and separating steps utilizing a recycle stream of previously recovered, unreacted, liquid metal halide. Utilization of the recycle stream of metal halide provides for both evaporative cooling of the hot gaseous effluent stream to permit recovery of the residual particulated metal oxide therein and scrubbing of the resulting off-gas to recover the unreacted volatile metal halide therein as a liquid and provide a gas phase containing the by-product halogen gas.

Abstract: Boric acid is crystallized from saturated aqueous solutions thereof by adding to the solutions small proportions of water soluble polymers which control the particle size distribution of the boric acid during crystallization.

Abstract: Metal detection apparatus includes an oscillator coil 101 driven by an oscillator 101, which induces in detector coils 103,104 equal and opposite E.M.F.s such that a nominally zero output is produced at terminals D.E. When metal is detected the E.M.F.s in coils 103,4 move out balance to produce a voltage at D.E., which is detected by circuit IC11 and fed to output circuits 111. Drifts in the nominally zero output at D.E. are corrected by combining quadraphase balancing signals on lines 109,110 with the detector coil output by means of amplifier IC10. The combined signal from IC10 is fed to phase sensitive detectors IC1,2 which respectively detect the quadraphase components of the combined signal from IC10. The outputs of IC1,2 are stored by capacitor circuits 112,113 and used to adjust variable capacity diode bridges 106,7 which adjust the amplitude of the balancing signals to maintain a nominally zero output from IC10 when metal is not being detected.

Abstract: A monitoring system utilizing an ultrasonic transducer wherein the power level of the transducer operating signals is raised while maintaining the gain about unity for permitting the use of relatively longer signal paths between a signal generator and the transducer.