Abstract: An accelerometer having a pair of piezoplates and masses compressed to a center post by a bolt through bores in the center post, piezoplates and masses without mechanical or electrical contacting the piezoplates or the center post. A symmetrical arrangement includes opposed pairs of piezoplates separated by the center post or two pairs of piezoplates separated from each other by center post. Two bolts through orthogonal bores in a single center post or two perpendicular center post provide two and three axis of force sensing. Either linear or angular acceleration can be sensed. Two orthogonal mounting bores in the housing allows adjustment of the sensing axis.

Abstract: The invention comprises a force measuring system and an assembly procedure for the dynamic determination especially of axle loads, speed, as well as for assembly of force and acceleration sensors. The force measuring system can be laid permanently in the roadway. It is of modular assembly, consisting of the amplifier, sensor and terminal module. The sensor module consists of a hollow section, in which piezo-elements are fitted under elastic preload. The hollow section is designed so that it can be opened elastically by lateral clamping, to allow mechanically interconnected piezo-elements to be inserted simply. After releasing this clamping, the piezo-elements are under high elastic preload. The same design principle can also be applied generally to force pressure and acceleration sensors. The elastical clamping force, vital for perfect force transmission to the piezo-elements, is for assembly purposes easily overcome by a proper lateral clamping force.

Abstract: An interposed sensor having a housing whose lateral extend is not greater than the lateral extend of the machine parts is to be installed between and having a plurality of measuring elements welded under preloading to the housing. Electronics including charge amplifiers are integral with the housing, either interior the lateral extend or in an annular compartment.

Abstract: A thin disk force sensor having measuring elements of not more than five layers including force introducing layers welded under preloading to a thin disk housing. The measuring elements, weld and disk housing are planarized. A vapor deposited layer is selectively applied to the force measuring elements to increase the applied force compared to the housing.

Abstract: The invention comprises a force measuring system for the dynamic determination especially of axle loads, speed, vehicle wheelbase and gross weight. The force measuring system is laid permanently in the roadway. It is of modular assembly, consisting of the amplifier (11), sensor (12) and terminal module (13). The individual modules may be coupled tightly by plug-and-socket connections, welding flanges or glued flanges. The sensor module (12) consists of a hollow section (1), in which piezo-elements (4) are fitted under elastic preload. The piezo-elements (4) are accommodated in the hollow section (1) at intervals of typically 5 to 10 cm, and they may be connected all together with only one electrically conductive foil (5) to the signal processing facility (19), or groupwise or even singly. According to this subdivision the road width can be sectioned as desired, in order to obtain a road loading diagram for instance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a charge amplifier circuit with a control loop for resetting, which for minimizing the leakage currents that falsify the measuring results includes two diodes (D.sub.1) and (D.sub.2), connected antiparallel in the loop and constituting input protection diodes of an integrated circuit (ISK). In the operating (measuring) phase the diode resistance (R.sub.D) is extremely high and the voltage drop over the diode pair is small, so that no significant leakage current gets through onto the charge amplifier input IN.sub.Q. In the reset phase the diode resistance (R.sub.Dr) is practically nil.

Abstract: Monitoring systems for cyclically operating machines having a cylinder including sensor to be mounted on the exterior of said cylinder for detecting both force in said cylinder and structure-borne signals in the cylinder; and having a computer for storing pre-recorded force and structure-borne noise signal as a function of time in a cycle and for comparing said detected and pre-recorded force and structure-borne noise signals to determine the status of said machine. The sensor has the form of a thin disk fitted between a cylinder cover and a nut of a cylinder cover stud under preload, thus replacing the standard washer.

Abstract: A beam force measuring system having a force sensor to be mounted to each beam of a cyclically operating machine between a force diverting part and a fastener which secures the beam. The sensor is disk shaped and has a height which is a fraction of the fastener. Disk shaped measuring elements are welded under preload to a metal disk of the sensor and have a common planar surface.

Abstract: A measuring platform having at least one force transducer rigidly fixed to either the base or cover element and to the other of the base or cover element movably to minimize measuring errors due to bending of the cover element under forces to be measured.

Abstract: The shock resistance of an accelerometer for the measurement of an axial acceleration, having a sensing part consisting of an electromechanical beam, a spacer and a beam carrier can significantly be improved by making the two sections of the oscillating beam of unequal lengths and by providing the beam with a length between 8 mm and 11 mm and a width between 2.5 mm and 6.5 mm at a thickness of 0.6 mm. That way an optimum relationship between measuring sensitivity and shock resistance of the accelerometer will be reached.

Abstract: A single transducer body having a sealing arrangement including both shoulder sealing surfaces and front end sealing surfaces to seal with mounting holes of component at offset shoulder or front end sealing surfaces.

Abstract: A force transducer with an electromechanical transducer element for fitting in force plates (i.e. measuring platforms) includes adjacent a first axial end a radial mounting flange with a greater outside diameter than that adjacent the second axial end. This make it possible, after connecting the signal lines, to insert the transducer in a mounting hole of the base plate of the force plate and then fix it by welding, brazing, soldering or cementing. The transducer with its signal lines thus becomes an integral part of the base plate and is sealed completely against outside influences. The recesses of the base plate may be filled with a curable resin, providing further portection against mechanical shocks and corrosion influences while at the same time enhancing the rigidity of the force plate.

Abstract: An electrical peak value measuring and evaluating apparatus including a transmitting circuit for transmitting peak values to an output, restoring circuit for restoring the level in the transmitting circuit to a known value after reaching a peak, and a retaining circuit for retaining the restored signal at the known value until the input signal again rises above a predetermined level.

Abstract: An accelerometer, consisting of a body having a threaded coaxial nipple for screwably securing the body to a mounting base having a connection for a signal transmission cable. The mounting base can be glued firmly or screwed to a measuring surface, and configured so that accelerometers may be mounted thereto and oriented in several axial directions. It is therefore possible to investigate several axis directions successively using one accelerometer. The object to be measured out can be provided with a large number of single- or multi-axis mounting bases, enabling the entire surface of an object to be measured stepwise in one or more axes, using one or only a few accelerometers. Furthermore the detachable connection between mounting base and accelerometer body facilitates occasional calibration of the accelerometer away from the particular measuring object.

Abstract: A device for measuring at least one force component during cutting operations on workpieces with machine tools, including a dynamometer with measuring elements, integrated in a base module of a modular toolholder so that it is directly engaged with the cutting tool. The base module may be combined with various clamping and mounting modules to allow adaptation to standardized clamping systems of different machine tools, and to standard tools. The integration of the dynamometer in the toolholder and the direct engagement between cutting tool and dynamometer gives a compact unit with only small or no force shunts, making possible precision measurements. The device is therefore suitable for, among other duties, calibrating existing monitoring sensors of machine tools and for comparative functional tests on different machine tools. Measuring and evaluation electronics may be integrated in the device, wholly or in part.

Abstract: A method and a device for measuring the pressure in a tubular body, for example, in the nozzle of a plastics injection molding machine, in the injection pumps of diesel engines, in gun barrels and the like, makes use of electromechanical transducers of piezoelectric, piezoresistive or strain gauge type to detect the radial and tangential mechanical stresses .sigma..sub.r, .sigma..sub.t in the tube cross section. The output signals s.sub.r, s.sub.t of the transducers are fed to a signal processing facility consisting of a subtraction circuit (for transducers of like polarity) or an addition circuit (for transducers of unlike polarity). The output signal of the signal processing facility is proportional to the difference between the pressures inside and outside the tubular body and may be fed to a further evaluation facility, such as a pressure display or process control device.

Abstract: A force measuring device includes a transducer mounted on a screw spindle, having force introducing elements interacting directly with the inside taper of a cylindrical sleeve to brace the device in a hold and preload the transducer. The screw spindle is displaced by a moving nut which is guided radially in the sleeve and supported axially at both sides. For bracing the device in a hole, mechanisms are provided for holding the force measuring device in a defined axial position and angle of rotation and for actuating the moving nut. These mechanisms do not extend beyond the outside diameter of the sleeve.

Abstract: A charge amplifier circuit includes an operational amplifier with an integrating capacitor between its inverting input and its output, and a resetting device with a switch that is closed during the reset phase for discharging the integrating capacitor. Provided at the output of the charge amplifier circuit is a circuit arrangement with a correction amplifier which when the switch is closed, automatically delivers a correction charge to the integrating capacitor, compensating the zero shift of the output voltage from the charge amplifier circuit during the measuring phase. This circuit arrangement is particularly suited for charge amplifiers with an extremely high ohmic input stage.

Abstract: A high pressure transducer, particularly for ballistic pressure measurements, with a sensor part, with a sealing part formed thereon and with a hollow mounting screw surrounding the sensor part with a clearance. The sensor part can be inserted together with the sealing part into a threaded mounting aperture in the component to be examined, whereby the sealing surface of the sealing part comes into sealing contact with a seating surface of the mounting aperture. The hollow mounting screw presses on the sealing part and produces the force necessary for sealing. The sealing surface of the sealing part is located somewhat ahead of a membrane portion while the sealing part is connected relatively elastically with the sensor part by means of a narrow web.

Abstract: A high pressure transducer, especially for ballistic pressure measurements, with a body member and a sensor part, the body member can be screwed into a threaded mounting bore provided in a structural component, whereby the body member comes into sealing contact with its sealing surface against a seating surface of the mounting aperture. The body member is provided with a recess, into which projects an extension on the sensor part to be secured along its end-face on the body member. An annular gap is provided between the extension of the sensor part and the recess in the body member, which causes the force flux lines produced by the sealing forces not to pass through the sensor part so that the latter remains unaffected by changing conditions of the force flux lines, i.e. by the prevailing tightening torques.