Abstract: A light metal cylinder head, for a valve controlled internal combustion engine, which has at least one metal insert in that bottom region located between the valves, and has a bore in the combustion chamber bottom region for an injection nozzle or a shot or filling passage and/or an ignition aid. A crack or fissure hindering or precluding oxide layer is coated, covered, or applied at least to the bottom region located between the valves, including the bore region, and the metal insert is made of a material resistant with respect to the method of producing the oxide layer. The oxide layer comprises aluminum oxide and is applied by anodic oxidation. The metal insert may comprise titanium. The oxide layer may have a thickness of at least 50 .mu.m.

Abstract: A device for indicating the economical operating range of an internal combustion engine. The device includes two indicating elements arranged in a common housing. One indicating element indicates the momentary load condition of the internal combustion engine, and the other indicates the momentary speed. Each indicating element has its own measured value scale, lying in a common plane with that of the other, and also has an indicator needle. Each measured value scale includes an upper limit value and a lower limit value which are dependent upon the characteristic of the internal combustion engine being measured, and which define the economical operating range of the internal combustion engine as a function of the parameter being measured.

Abstract: A measuring device for determining the oil level in a closed housing, especially of internal combustion engines and transmissions. The device is provided with a sleeve fixed to the housing, and a removable measuring rod or dipstick. A stopper to close the sleeve is secured to the dipstick, which also has an abutment to limit the insertion depth in the measuring position of the dipstick. That end of the sleeve inside the housing terminates below the minimum oil level, and the sleeve has holes or openings for equalizing the pressure to the interior of the housing located as far as possible above the maximum oil level. In the measuring position, during insertion of the dipstick up to the abutment, the stopper is located below the outer end of the sleeve by at least one and one-half times the oil column level corresponding to the overpressure in the housing.

Abstract: An arrangement for lubricating, especially for internal combustion engines is disclosed. The circuit of the arrangement is fed with the lubricating medium, e.g. oil, by means of a pump which delivers oil from a source, as required through an oil cooler and a filter, to bearings of the engine which require lubrication, and to more remote bearings, such as are used in auxiliary equipment, e.g. off-gas turbo-superchargers. In the main pressure conduit, relatively close to the pump, there is provided a flow control device with a direct conduit being provided to communicate the pump with the more remote bearings. The direct conduit is connected to the circuit between the pump and the flow control device. As required, an oil filter can be arranged in the direct conduit.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump control for internal combustion engines including a pump piston which pump piston is actuatable by a shaft and a cam follower roller adapted to contact the pertaining cam of the camshaft, whereby the fuel delivery volume can be adjusted by varying the effective delivery stroke. The shaft is pivotally connected to the pump piston; the longitudinal central axis of the pump piston is arranged in the plane of rotation of the cam and eccentrically to the camshaft axis; and, coaxial to the axis of rotation of the cam follower roller and/or at the end of the shaft, there is connected to the shaft a rocking lever the free end of which is adjustable within a predetermined area, preferably a triangular area.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for combustion engines with at least one pump piston which is actuated by a cam mounted on a mechanically operable camshaft is disclosed. The piston stroke is utilized only in part for delivery of the fuel, whereby the fuel feed volume is controllable by changing the effective piston stroke. The fuel injection pump also includes a control element which, in conformity with the number of revolutions of the combustion engine, varies the first derivative of the function of the effective piston stroke in accordance with the cam angle.

Abstract: A crankcase ventilating device for reciprocating piston internal combustion engines, in which a connecting line between the crankcase and the intake conduit is controlled by a control valve including a spring-loaded control piston, which piston is axially displaceable and has one of its end faces adapted to be actuated upon by the pressure in the crankcase whereas its other end face is adapted to be actuated upon an ambient pressure. The control piston is acted upon by the ambient pressure through a throttle opening ahead of which, when looking in the direction of flow of ambient air through the throttle opening to the control piston, there is arranged a separating chamber having an inlet opening communicating with ambient air.

Abstract: A camshaft with cams and bearings for reciprocable piston engines, which comprises a hollow shaft having the cams and bearings designed as cam rings and bearing rings and fastened to the hollow shaft.

Abstract: Apparatus for working of aligned bores, particularly for repairing of crank shaft bearings and their bores of internal combustion engines. In the region of the bore to be worked on there is provided a driven hollow shaft carrying a tool for working the bore or bores, which hollow shaft is adjusted relative to a laser beam which is in alignment with the longitudinal axis of the bores.

Abstract: Transmission with double friction clutch, especially transmission for agricultural and/or vehicles for the construction industry, with two gear shifting groups, each one of which can be shifted by means of an associated clutch, with the groups being shiftable under load. One of the clutches is engaged by being spring-biased and engageable by means of a selectively acting pressure medium adapted to operate one or several cylinder/piston units. The effective operating surface of the pertaining piston is greater than the operating surface of the piston associated with the second clutch. The cylinders are connectible in such a way that on each piston in each shift position thereof the same shifting pressure is exerted.

Abstract: A vehicle with at least three axles two of which are combined to form a double-axle unit and which are resiliently connected to a frame. The vehicle furthermore comprises a first device for automatically lifting and lowering one axle of the double-axle unit while a control element is provided for controlling the lifting and lowering device in conformity with the respective axle load. The vehicle also comprises a second device which ascertains the respective total vehicle load to be taken over by the respective double-axle unit or the measured values of the vehicle load and actuates the control element in conformity with the total vehicle load or ascertained measured values.

Abstract: A pressure lubrication system for an internal combustion engine, according to which lubricating oil is drawn out of an oil pan by means of an oil pump through a suction conduit which has an intake funnel and a filter. The intake funnel has an inner maximum diameter of about five times that of the cross section of the suction conduit. At its inlet opening, the intake funnel takes the shape of a circular, flat disc located in or parallel to the plane of the inlet opening.

Abstract: A piston, especially for internal combustion engines, which piston has a cup-shaped combustion chamber depression in the upper face wall, with recesses in the upper edge of the depression for a fuel injection nozzle and an ignition device, respectively. The fuel is injected into the cavity with a short unrestrained length of spray onto the depression wall, and during fuel injection combustion air is moved about an axis extending in the longitudinal direction of the piston. The combustion chamber depression has an at least nearly cylindrical wall in the region of the recesses, the first recess is formed by a trough which has sharp edges, terminates flat, and is inclined to a surface line of the depression. The other recess with which is associated the ignition device extends closely adjacent to the first recess, at an angle in the direction opposite to movement of air, with a ridge being provided between the two recesses.

Abstract: A cooling system for an air cooled vehicle drive having a supercharged internal combustion engine, a transmission, a hydrodynamic brake (retarder), and a plurality of heat exchangers. The media which are to be cooled are at least partially in mutual heat exchange. Cooling oil or fluid ducts for the retarder or transmission oil and/or lubricating oil of the internal combustion engine pass entirely or at least partially through a supercharger intercooler or charging air cooler. The retarder or lubricating oil is cooled in a heat exchanger which is acted upon by cooling air.

Abstract: An exhaust gas conduit system for a multi-cylinder reciprocating piston internal combustion engine having its cylinders arranged in at least one cylinder row and provided with a cylinder head having an exhaust manifold connected thereto; exhaust gas conduits establish communication between the respective cylinder and the pertaining cylinder head and are respectively surrounded by the water cooled insulating walls. Each of the water cooled insulating walls along the pertaining exhaust gas conduit is provided with longitudinal water chambers formed by wall portions of the insulating wall and by ribs supporting the water chamber forming wall portions relative to each other.

Abstract: A vehicle door, especially for a driver's cab in vehicles used in agriculture and construction work, with a door frame having a monocoque or shell structure and being provided with an inner and an outer frame part. The outer frame part as well as the inner frame part are preferably made of glass fiber reinforced synthetic material. The outer frame part is relative to the inner frame part fixed in transverse direction by means of webs extending over a considerable circumferential portion of the outer frame part. These webs are provided with surfaces for mutually bracing the outer and the inner frame parts.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine having an engine frame with at least one cylinder bushing inserted therein which bushing with the engine frame forms a cooling water receiving chamber or jacket surrounding the cylinder bushing. One end, with an upright cylinder the upper end, of the bushing rests by means of an axial and/or radial collar on the engine frame. The cylinder bushing has operatively associated therewith a heat jacket having a wall portion thereof in contact with cooling water in the interior of the cooling water receiving chamber. The heat jacket which may be in the form of a flat annular tube or pipe extends from the region of the cooling water receiving chamber to at least near, preferably into the collar. The interior of the heat jacket is advantageously so designed, e.g. has a capillary design, that the liquid heat carrier in the heat jacket will also be able to flow against the force of gravity in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder bushing.

Abstract: A pressure lubrication system for an internal combustion engine, according to which lubricating oil is drawn out of an oil pan by means of an oil pump through a suction conduit which has an intake funnel and a filter. The intake funnel has an inner maximum diameter of about five times that of the cross section of the suction conduit. At its inlet opening, the intake funnel takes the shape of a circular, flat disc located in or parallel to the plane of the inlet opening.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a supercharger and two or more supercharger intercoolers or cooling systems respectively having different temperature levels. The individual coolers are arranged in succession in the direction of flow, with the charged air decreasing in temperature and the cooling air increasing in temperature.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of a hydraulic binder of the type used for plaster and masonry mortar within a cement producing installation including a preheating zone and a clinker calcining zone. In accordance with the invention, the cement producing plant is modified to the extent of providing for the removal of a predetermined portion of the material being processed from at least one point between the preheating zone and the clinker calcining zone wherein the withdrawn material has a predetermined condition of activation so that it is useful alone or in a mixture with other ingredients in the manufacture of the binder.