Abstract: An apparatus for performing a work function on a tubular workpiece includes a support frame movable along an X-axis, a bracket on the frame movable toward and away from the workpiece along a Z-axis, a support arm mounted on the bracket for movement about a swival axis lying in the Z-direction, a carriage mounted on the arm for movement therealong in a Y-direction, a workpiece implement mounted on the carriage for movement together therewith and about a tilting axis lying in the X-direction, and the workpiece implement being capable of adjustment along its central axis, the support arm lying in a plane containing the swivel axis and perpendicular to the tilting axis.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for fabricating clad ingots or clad slabs includes a hollow body which corresponds to the dimensions of a finished slab and which has at least one side plate of cladding material and other thinner side sheets forming an upright tubular hollow body which is inserted into a larger ingot mold. Refractory insulating material is disposed between the bottom end of the hollow body and the bottom wall of the mold and between the sides of the hollow body and the sides of the mold, the hollow body being subsequently charged with a molten base metal. Prior to inserting the hollow body into the mold, the bottom end thereof is sealed closed by a bottom wall and a cover plate is placed on the top end of the hollow body.

Abstract: A vehicle tire crown portion 10 including a tread 11 is injection molded and prevulcanized in a closed annular mold cavity 17 defined by a segmented outer mold 16 clamped together by a locking ring 22 and a segmented core 19 pressed against the outer mold by upper and lower pressure plates 25, 26. The core is then removed by disassembling its segments, whereafter a carcass 14 and prevulcanized sidewalls 12, 13 are placed in the central portion of the mold on an inflatable air bag 38 flanked by lateral mold section 39, 40. The vulcanization of the tire assembly is then completed, during which the sidewalls are joined to the retained crown portion.

Abstract: A vehicle tire crown portion 10 including a tread 11 is injection molded and prevulcanized in a closed annular mold cavity 17 defined by a segmented outer mold 16 clamped together by a locking ring 22 and a segmented core 19 pressed against the outer mold by upper and lower pressure plates 25, 26. The core is then removed by disassembling its segments, whereafter a carcass 14 and prevulcanized sidewalls 12, 13 are placed in the central portion of the mold on an inflatable air bag 38 flanked by lateral mold sections 39, 40. The vulcanization of the tire assembly is then completed, during which the sidewalls are joined to the retained crown portion.

Abstract: Coal gas produced in an iron bath reactor during the gasification of coal is first cooled down in a first cooling step to a temperature of, preferably, 300.degree. C., and is subsequently purified at this temperature in a first electrofilter, then cooled down in a second cooling step to a temperature of, preferably 50.degree. C. and, finally, purified at this temperature in a second electrofilter.

Abstract: The support has a filling of insulating concrete which fills the space between the foundation slab and sand support layer. A cold sink formed of horizontal pipes laid in the main wind direction is encased in a middle region of the support. An impermeable film is placed over the cold sink and about the filing to prevent entry of moisture into the filling.

Abstract: A method of heating solid, iron-containing materials in a steel-making converter which includes one or more injection nozzles in a lower nozzle plane and one or more injection nozzles in an upper nozzle plane, the nozzles in each plane being capable of supplying carbonaceous fuels and/or oxygen gas into the converter; the method including supplying fluid carbonaceous fuels (oil and/or gas) and oxygen gas through all the injection nozzles to the interior of the converter so that the fuels will burn and preheat the solid, iron-containing materials, these materials eventually forming a melt at the bottom of the converter; stopping the supply of fluid carbonaceous fuels and instead supplying pulverized carbonaceous fuels through the injection nozzles in the lower nozzle plane once the formed melt has a sufficient depth that it contacts the injection nozzles in the lower nozzle plane, stopping the supply of fluid carbonaceous fuels through the injection nozzles in the upper nozzle zone and the supply of pulverized

Abstract: A high-pressure seal having a dynamic seal ring and a static seal ring supported by a backup ring is improved upon such that support ring is a one-piece construction having sealing chambers respectively defined together with the bore wall of the cylinder with the piston recess for the dynamic and static seal rings. The seal chamber for the static seal ring is formed to induce a stretching of this ring when the high-pressure seal is assembled in place, whereby the seal between the piston and cylinder is improved as the static seal ring is stretched to provide a tight seal between the backup ring and the piston.

Abstract: Mold clamping forces are provided by mounting the mold halves between spaced crossheads connected by elastically deformable rods of tensile steel. The crossheads are pulled slightly apart by hydraulic cylinders to expand and tension the rods, and the prepared molds are then inserted together with appropriately dimensioned wedges or shims to occupy the expansion space. When the hydraulic pressure is released the elastic restoration or spring forces of the stretched rods serve to clamp the assembled molds tightly together to enable injection, curing, etc. A plurality of such mold assemblies may be circumferentially spaced around a rotatable turntable, and the various opening and closing movements may be controlled by rollers on the mold components running in stationary cam tracks around the turntable. C-shaped mold clamps may also be used instead of the crosshead and rod configurations.

Abstract: A drive sprocket wheel of the type having drive chain link receiving pockets formed between the sprocket teeth and a circumferential groove dividing each tooth into a pair of tooth sections with the outer tips at the flanks or sides thereof being cupped for the reception of the horizontal chain links, is improved by sloping the cupped outer tips toward the running direction of the chain. In the sloping direction, the outer portions of the flanks may be flat and are followed by concave surfaces. The sloping flanks of each pair of toothed sections establish theoretical points of contact with the rounded horizontal chain links during the drive operation, such points lying about midway between opposite sides of the sloping flanks.

Abstract: A process for the production of steel from a quantity of charge material such as iron scrap, iron sponge, or other essentially metallic iron carriers, makes use of a bottom-blowing converter. Nozzles are provided in the bottom area of the converter and extend into a sump. In order to avoid an uncontrolled flow without the addition of molten pig iron, a molten bath is formed of the charge material by the provision of burners located at the bottom wall area in a lateral wall above the nozzles, finally distributed carbon and oxygen being separately blown in through the nozzles for producing additional melting. The burners may be located either slightly above the level of the molten bath or below such level and in the latter case, the burners are then operated as additional nozzles after their submersion.

Abstract: A procedure is provided for producing steel from solid, iron containing pieces such as scrap iron, solid pig iron, iron pellets, iron sponge and the like. The iron containing pieces are smelted in a blown oxygen converter equipped with submerged injection devices for oxygen and pulverized fuel. The pieces are first introduced into the converter and preheated and then they are contacted with a sufficient quantity of molten steel to substantially reduce the length of the smelting period and thereby conserve fuel. The molten steel used in the contacting step is recycled from the previous batch after having been retained for the meanwhile in a separate auxiliary ladle.

Abstract: A mine roof support structure includes a floor skid, a supporting shield pivotally connected thereto by a pair of rocker arms forming a lemniscate guide, a roof cap pivotally connected at a roof cap joint to the shield, and hydraulic props supporting the roof cap. A hydraulic actuator is pivotally connected at opposite ends to the skid and to one of the arms, and the other of the rocker arms is disposed nearer the coal-face end of the support than the one arm. Such other arm is longitudinally adjustable and is pivotally connected at opposite ends to the skid and to the shield. This other arm is so constructed that its opposite ends may be adjusted relative to one another to enable the cap and the roof cap joint to follow a lemniscate path during settling of the roof and to follow a circular arc during a lowering of the cap toward the skid upon actuation of the hydraulic actuator.

Abstract: A coupler for use in clamping down a lid over a pressure vessel has a pair of clamping jaws movable toward and away from one another respectively between clamping and unclamping positions. The cylinder of a pressure-operated piston and cylinder unit is pivotally connected to support plates extending outwardly of one of the jaws, and the piston of such unit is pivotally connected to one end of the pair of linkages pivotally mounted at the other end thereof to the other of the clamping jaws. Curved slots defining tracks are provided in the support plates, and rollers are located on the linkages in engagement with the slots for controlling simultaneous movement of the clamping jaws toward and away from one another upon actuation of the piston and cylinder unit.

Abstract: An absolute-coded angular position indicator coupled to the shiftable one of two mold-clamping plates, produces a position signal indicating the position of the shiftable plate. This signal is applied to one input of a subtractor, whose output signal is displayed on a numerical display. The subtracting input of the subtractor receives a corrective signal from a manually set decades switch arrangement. When no mold is present between the clamping plates and the latter are pressed into direct contact with each other, the displayed numerical value is zero. When a mold is clamped between the plates, an non-zero value is displayed, and the set-up technician sets the decades switch arrangement to the displayed value. As a result the displayed value goes to zero. The output signal of the subtractor is furnished to control elements which must control machine operations in dependence upon the height of the particular mold being employed.

Abstract: A compound steel material of high corrosion resistance is manufactured by alloying a carbon steel carrier material having a carbon content of at most 0.20C and of at least 0.04C with a carbide and nitride forming substance, compounding the alloyed carrier material with a ferritic chromium steel material of normal carbon content, followed by hot-rolling the compound steel material to a hot rolled strip or sheet which is then annealed at a temperature and for a time period sufficient for the carbon content of the ferritic chromium steel coating layer to be reduced to between 0.001 and 0.003% so as to increase the corrosion resistance of the chromium steel material to that of a superferritic material. After annealing, the sheet may be etched and surface-finished or cold-rolled, recrystallization annealed and thereafter surface-finished, such as temper-rolled. The ferritic chromium steel material has at most 0.1% of carbon prior to annealing.

Abstract: A charge including scrap, sponge iron and ferrous metals is admitted into the top of a vertically arranged melting column and descends through the latter by gravity. The charge is melted by directing a flame against the leading end thereof and the melt flows through an outlet at the bottom of the melting column in to a chamber located beneath and communicating with the melting column. In this chamber, reduction of the slag is effected and the slag is removed from the molten metal. Alloying additions and deoxidizing agents are introduced into the chamber so that the molten metal is deoxidized and becomes alloyed to produce steel having a desired analysis. The thus-produced steel is superheated in the chamber and is then continuously cast.

Abstract: An arrangement for threading connecting elements, particularly threading bolts equipped with nuts threaded thereon, into and out of tapped bores of a reactor vessel to attach a lid to, and detach the same from the same includes a carrier ring which is supported on the lid during the threading operations, and a bolt-rotating device which is supported on a double-rail track mounted on and extending over the entire circumference of the carrier ring with a spacing therefrom, for displacement in the circumferential direction of the track.

Abstract: A workpiece is positioned in contact with a contact electrode and spaced by a gap from a counter electrode. A unipolar electrical pulse is passed across this gap during a first time period. Thereafter during a second time period the light from the spark drawn across the gap is diffracted into a spectrum having lines corresponding to a plurality of the components of the workpiece and these lines are transformed into respective electrical signals having intensities corresponding to the concentrations of the respective components in the workpiece. During this second period the pulse continues to pass across the gap and the signals are integrated. At the start of a third period the pulse is stopped and then the integrated signals are compared with respective reference signals and error signals are generated in the case of any variance between the two.

Abstract: A charge of iron-containing metallic substance is melted in a melting vessel, and the molten metallic substance is passed through a body of carbonaceous material contained in a treating container for the metallic substance to be enriched with carbon. The treating container is gas-tightly sealed except for its communication with the melting vessel. At least oxygen is admitted into the treating container to partly and gradually burn the carbonaceous material and thus to heat the metallic substance passing through the body. The body may contain alloying elements and/or slag-forming constituents. The enriched molten metallic substance and slag which form a bath at the bottom of the treating container are discharged therefrom through respective discharging outlets which are provided with traps. The gases which are liberated during the passage of the molten metallic substance through the body of carbonaceous material are utilized for heating either the body or the charge of metallic substance in the melting vessel.