Abstract: An electrode for a spectro-analytical arrangement is of a substance consisting of carbonaceous and metallic components so that an envelope of reducing atmosphere surrounds an electric spark discharge generated between an electrode and a metallic body the composition of the material of which is to be spectro-analytically determined. The substance may be a homogeneous mixture of the carbonaceous and metallic components, such as a sintered mixture of pulverulant metallic and carbonaceous metals. The particles of the metallic component have sizes of at most 0.1 millimeter, while the particles of the carbonaceous component have sizes at most 0.01 millimeter. The carbonaceous component may be graphite, while the metallic component may be silver. The amount of graphite in the substance may be between 5 and 20% by weight and the amount of silver may be between 95 and 80% by weight. The preferred use of the electrode of the invention is in a spectral quantometer.

Abstract: An arrangement of the Rowland character includes a support and a concave grating on the support for producing the spectrum characteristic of a sample being investigated. The support has a series of slits thereon which are positioned on the Rowland circle and are adjusted to the spectral lines of samples to be investigated. An element on the support is provided with a primary slit for directing the radiation derived from a sample being investigated onto the concave grating. The primary slit is positioned on the Rowland circle and the element provided with the primary slit is mounted on the support for movement along the arc of the Rowland circle. The element is mounted in such a manner as to be arrestable in a plurality of positions. The element is favorably in the form of a plate.

Abstract: A charge is admitted into a shaft furnace so as to form a charge column therein. The lower end of the column is melted with a flame and the charge moves downwardly by gravity as melting proceeds. The flame is generated by admitting one or more streams of oxygen and one or more streams of fuel into the furnace. A stream of oxygen and a stream of fuel are admitted into the furnace as a pair and in such a manner that the respective oxygen stream is surrounded by the respective fuel stream. This procedure provides the result that the fuel entering the furnace withdraws so much heat from the surroundings that water-cooling of the burners may be eliminated. Moreover, the withdrawal of heat from the surroundings serves to cool the furnace wall in the regions of the burners sufficiently for molten material flowing on the furnace wall in these regions to solidify. Consequently, protuberances are formed on the furnace wall.

Abstract: Iron-containing materials are loaded into the top of a shaft furnace to form therein an upright column of the materials. A burner forms a flame above the floor of the furnace to heat the base of the column and thereby melt the materials at the base of the column into a liquefied-iron melt on the floor of the furnace and a layer of slag on the melt. In addition this flame formed by the burner forms a deposit in the furnace on which the column is supported. Slag is continuously withdrawn from the furnace at a location substantially level with the deposit and the melt is withdrawn from the furnace at a location below the layer of slag and is heated as it is withdrawn. This melt is withdrawn through an iron-drain conduit having an outlet end vertically positioned to be horizontally even with the lower surface of the slag and a refining vessel working inductively or by means of an electric arc may be provided in this outlet conduit for the continuous transformation of the liquefied iron into steel.

Abstract: An alloy to be tested is formed of a basis metal and a plurality of alloying elements. A diffraction spectrum having lines corresponding to the basis metal and to each of the alloying elements is generated from the alloy by sparking and electrical signals each having an intensity proportional to the intensity of a respective one of the lines of the spectrum are formed. Each of these signals is integrated and the integrated signals corresponding to lines of the alloy elements are each compared with the integrated signal corresponding to the line of the basis metal and difference signals are generated. These difference signals are evaluated by being passed through a threshold circuit which sounds an alarm when they lie outside a predetermined range.

Abstract: A molding machine has a feed screw arrangement which plasticizes a material and which injects the plasticized material into a mold. The feed screw arrangement includes an input shaft which is mounted in a housing for rotation relative thereto and for axial displacement with and relative to the housing, the input shaft having a splined end portion which extends outwardly of the housing. The housing is mounted on a support for angular displacement about a pivot axis, and a drive is mounted on an auxiliary support for movement with respect to the support for the housing. The drive has an output shaft which has a central opening adapted to matingly receive the splined end portion of the input shaft when coaxial therewith. Relative axial displacement of the two shafts from an extended position in which the splined end portion is matingly received in the central recess to a retracted position in which the shafts are disengaged frees the feed screw arrangement for pivoting about the pivot axis.

Abstract: Molten steel is killed by passing molten aluminum under pressure below the surface of the steel melt through a lance heated to the melting point of the aluminum.

Abstract: An elongated conveyor is adapted to extend along a mine face in an underground mine gallery. A mining machine, such as a coal planer or the like is reciprocably arranged in the space between the mine face and the conveyor and has a bottom plate sliding on the sole of the mine gallery and extending below and with an end portion thereof beyond the conveyor. An endless chain having an upper and a lower run is used to reciprocate the mining machine along the mine face. Chain guide means are connected to the side of the conveyor facing away from the mine face and comprise superimposed substantially cylindrical guide channels for respectively guiding the upper and the lower run of the endless chain.

Abstract: A mine roof support for an underground mine gallery comprises a sole plate adapted to rest on the floor of the mine gallery, a front shield having a front end directed toward the mine face, a rear shield pivotedly connected at one end to the other end of the front shield and projecting rearwardly therefrom, a rocker arm connected at opposite ends respectively to the front and to the rear shield intermediate opposite ends of the shields, an expandable and contractable prop connected at one end to said rocker arm intermediate the ends of the latter and at the other end to said sole plate, and a pair of arms each pivotally connected at one end to the region of the rear shield distant from the front shield and at the other end to the sole plate.

Abstract: An axial piston machine of the swash plate type includes a valve plate provided in a front face thereof with control openings which communicate at opposite ends through bores with the rear face of the valve plate. A plurality of shallow pockets, respectively forming hydrostatic bearings, are also provided in said front face, which communicate through connecting bores respectively with throttle bores, which in turn communicate at inner ends with respective control openings, and in which spring loaded throttle pins are arranged with small clearance for oscillating movement.

Abstract: Iron-containing materials are loaded into the top of a shaft furnace to form therein an upright column of the materials. A burner forms a flame above the floor of the furnace to heat the base of the column and thereby melt the materials at the base of the column into a liquefied-iron melt on the floor of the furnace and a layer of slag on the melt. In addition this flame formed by the burner forms a deposit in the furnace on which the column is supported. Slag is continuously withdrawn from the furnace at a location substantially level with the deposit and the melt is withdrawn from the furnace at a location below the layer of slag and is heated as it is withdrawn. This melt is withdrawn through an iron-drain conduit having an outlet end vertically positioned to be horizontally even with the lower surface of the slag and a refining vessel working inductively or by means of an electric arc may be provided in this outlet conduit for the continuous transformation of the liquefied iron into steel.

Abstract: The steam which develops during water cooling of a furnace is withdrawn from the cooling system of the furnace, introduced into a distillation plant wherein it is subjected to at least partial condensation, and the thus-obtained condensate is recirculated into the cooling system of the furnace. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A suspension of a particulate material in a carrier medium is introduced into a molten bath through a lance which has an inlet port, an outlet port and a passage communicating the inlet port with the outlet port. The flow-through cross-sectional area of the outlet port is smaller than the flow-through cross-sectional area of the passage so that the speed of flow of the suspension through the outlet port is higher than the speed of flow of the suspension through the passage and penetration of the molten bath into the outlet port is thereby prevented. The supension is introduced into the inlet port through a conduit having a smaller flow-through cross-sectional area than the passage so that the pulsations of the solution which occur in the conduit are damped in the passage. A duct may introduce pressurized medium into the region of the outlet port to thereby loosen the particulate material accumulated in the region of the outlet port.

Abstract: A pit prop has a floor-engaging foot, at least one arm pivoted at the rear of this foot and extending forwardly, a roof-engaging shield carried at the front end of this arm, and at least one ram extending vertically between the arm and the foot for pressing the shield against the roof and the foot against the floor. A hydraulic ram has its rear end pivoted at the rear end of the foot and its front end pivoted on the rear end of a rigid link whose front end in turn is pivoted on the face conveyor. The rear end of this link is slidable in and pivoted on the foot. A second link has its front end pivoted on the rear end of the main link and its rear end bearing vertically down against the foot but slidable therealong. A short lifting ram has its rear end pivoted on the rear end of the second link and its front end pivoted on the rear end of the main link above the pivot for the other displacement ram pivoted on this link.

Abstract: A spark discharge test apparatus has a holder electrode conductively engageable with a workpiece, a counter electrode adapted to be spaced by a gap from the workpiece while it is in contact with the holder electrode, a power supply including a closable switch and connected across the electrode for passing a unipolar electrical pulse across the gap only when the switch is closed, and a circuit including a terminal connectable to the workpiece and connected so as to close the switch allowing operation of the power supply only on detection of a closed circuit between the terminal and the holder electrode. Thus, a unipolar electrical pulse can only be fired between the counter electrode and the workpiece when the workpiece is in good electrical contact with the holder electrode. This safety circuit comprises a low-voltage relay having one side connected to a low-voltage power supply and another side connected to the terminal.

Abstract: An apparatus for spectroscopically analyzing the composition of a workpiece comprises a support on which is mounted a sleeve having an open end engageable with the surface of the workpiece and formed with a laterally open cutout. An electrode is mounted on the support and has an electrode tip limitedly displaceable in the sleeve adjacent the open end thereof. A laterally extending screw is engaged between an insulating tube constituting part of the support and the electrode and serves to fix the electrode in the sleeve with the electrode tip spaced inwardly of the open end of the sleeve. A power supply is connected to the electrode for sparking between the surface of the workpiece and the tip when the two are spaced apart and the open end of the sleeve abuts the surface.

Abstract: An arrangement for lining a blast furnace of varying inner dimensions includes a working platform which can be adjusted in its transverse dimensions to the inner dimensions of the blast furnace at any particular elevation of the same. The working platform is lifted to different elevations within the blast furnace by a plurality of tackles which are mounted on the working platform and at a region of the blast furnace which is located upwardly of the working platform. The working platform includes a central portion and a plurality of support elements which are mounted in the central portion for telescopic displacement relative thereto toward and away from the inner surface of the blast furnace, and a plurality of floor elements is interchangeably and detachably supported on the support elements when the latter are in their at least partly telescoped-out position.

Abstract: Two halves of a split mold of an injection molding machine are respectively mounted on a stationary plate and a movable plate guided on guide rods projecting from the stationary plate for movement toward and away from the latter. A guide plate, likewise guided on said guide rods, is connected to the movable plate for movement therewith, and a moving arrangement is connected to the guide plate for moving the same and the movable plate connected thereto toward and away from the stationary plate to thus move the mold halves between an open and a closed position. The guide plate includes a clamping arrangement for clamping the guide plate in fixed position on the guide rods and a hydraulically operated arrangement for holding the mold halves in closed position against the force of molding material injected under pressure into complementary cavities in the mold halves.

Abstract: An electric furnace has an inlet opening for introduction of starting materials in the upper region thereof. A pre-melting vessel is arranged above the furnace and has a discharge opening above and in communication with the inlet opening of the furnace. The bottom portion of the furnace is formed with a depression in which the starting material forms a body after its introduction through the inlet opening and is heat-treated so as to obtain slag and steel. The furnace is provided at its sides with a pair of mounting members each having a cam surface of part-circular configuration having a center on an axis which extends substantially horizontally and is located at the inlet opening of the furnace. A plurality of rollers engages the cam surfaces, the rollers being mounted on a support for rotation about their axes.

Abstract: An injection molding machine includes a stationary frame having a pair of spaced upright stationary plates which guide rods of a movable frame which includes, at opposite ends of the rods projecting beyond the stationary plates, a pair of movable plates. One of the stationary plates and the movable plate adjacent thereto respectively carry complementary parts of a split injection mold. A unit including a pressure plate fixed to the other stationary plate is arranged on the rods between the other of the stationary plates and the movable plate adjacent thereto. Cylinder and piston arrangement connects the unit and the movable plate adjacent thereto for moving the movable frame relative to the stationary frame and therewith the mold parts between open and closed positions.