Abstract: A process for separating petroleum distillation residues into a lower boiling fraction and a higher boiling fraction. The separation is effected with the aid of a process gas under super-critical conditions of temperature and pressure such that the gas selectively takes up the lower boiling fraction. By suitable selection of the gas, the process can be carried out at relatively low temperature, and with low input energy requirements when performed with recycling of the process gas.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of spice extracts by extraction of the natural spice with a supercritical gas such as carbon dioxide in which the aroma contents are first extracted with a dry gas, the flavor contents are then extracted with a moist gas and the extracted materials recovered and mixed.

Abstract: The invention provides erythrocytes of improved O.sub.2 -release properties having fused thereto small allosteric effectors, f.i. inositol hexaphosphate-containing lipid vesicles. Also included in the invention is a method for making said erythrocytes and plasma containing said erythrocytes. The above-identified lipid vesicles provide an additional aspect of the invention.

Abstract: Dicyclopentadienyl iron (ferrocene) is produced directly from iron and cyclopentadiene, or derivatives thereof, by electrolyzing a conductive salt-containing solution of a monomeric cyclopentadiene compound in an inert solvent, between an iron anode and a cathode which is inert to the electrolyte.

Abstract: A process for the separation and/or purification of oligo- and polyhydroxy compounds by introducing and subsequently eliminating protective groups, wherein oligo- and polyhydroxy compounds are reacted with bis(ethyl-pivaloyloxy)-diboroxane or ethylboroxine, optionally in inert solvents, the resulting O-ethylboranodiyl derivatives of the hydroxy compounds are separated off and the O-ethylboranodiyl protective groups are eliminated by alcoholic compounds, for example methanol or glycol.

Abstract: The invention relates to the reaction of cyclopentadienyl-transition metal compounds, (C.sub.5 H.sub.5).sub.2 M or C.sub.5 H.sub.5 --M(L).sub.n (M=transition metal, L=olefin), with alkali metal in the presence of olefins, with detachment of the C.sub.5 H.sub.5 rings from the transition metal atom to form alkali metal cyclopentadienide, leads, to transition metal-olefin complex compounds free of alkali metal or also containing alkali metal, in yields of greater than 65%, the latter compounds being able to contain one or even several alkali metal atoms per transition metal atom.It is moreover possible, depending on the selection of the stoichiometry or of the reaction compounds, and depending on the nature of the transition metal, to detach only one or also both cyclopentadienyl rings from the transition metal atom, so that by this method the most various transition metal-olefin complex compounds can be prepared, namely transition metal-olefin complex compounds containing C.sub.5 H.sub.

Abstract: A process has been developed for controlling the catalytic co-oligmoerization of 1,3-dienes with Schiff's bases which comprises condensing a 1,3-diene of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, independently of one another, represent hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms with a Schiff base of the formula ##STR2## wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represents hydrogen alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or dimethylamino groups which, in addition, optionally contain functional groups of the group consisting of ethers esters, C.dbd.N double bonds and which can be closed to form a ring, in the presence of a nickel (O)-containing catalyst, and optionally in the presence of an X--H compound with a molar ratio of Ni: X H of from 1:0 to 1:10.

Abstract: Process for deodorizing fat or oil containing odoriferous material by contacting the same with carbon dioxide at a temperature of 150.degree. to 250.degree. C. and a pressure of 100 to 250 atmospheres for the selective take-up by the carbon dioxide of the odoriferous material, thereby separating odoriferous material from the fat or oil.

Abstract: Process for extracting nicotine is disclosed in which tobacco is exposed to an extracting solvent in either liquid or gaseous state at temperatures below about 100.degree. C. and at high pressures. The aroma generating substances can be removed by conducting the extraction with the tobacco in dry condition. Thereafter the tobacco can be moistened, and on further contacting the nicotine is removed. The aroma generating substances can then be recombined with nicotine free tobacco.

Abstract: Optically active compounds are prepared from optically inactive unsaturated hydrocarbons by reacting at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst prepared by combining a nickel compound, a Lewis acid and an optically active phosphine of the general formulaPR'R"R"'in which R', R" and R"' are hydrocarbon radicals, thereby forming optically active compounds having chiral centers formed by the carbon-to-carbon linkages. The optically active compounds can be polymerized to provide optically active polymers.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of spice extracts by extraction of the natural spice with a supercritical gas such as carbon dioxide in which the aroma contents are first extracted with a dry gas; the flavor contents are then extracted with a moist gas and the extracted materials recovered and mixed.

Abstract: Process of solubilizing alkali- and alkali-earth metal salts, characterized in that the salts are reacted in the presence of solvents if desired, with open-chain polyethyleneglycoldiethers of the general formulaRO--[CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O].sub.n R'wherein n = 6 or more and R and R' are identical or different and represent alkyl, aryl or cycloalkyl groups respectively, the polyethyleneglycoldiethers having at least 7 oxygen atoms which are separated from one another each by two carbon atoms. The process can also be used to dissolve alkali metals.

Abstract: Process for reacting an H-acidic organic compound, in which the acidic H-atom is bonded to the organic radical by an oxygen or a sulphur atom, e.g. an alcohol, with a metal having a standard potential which is more positive than -1.66 volts and which at most incompletely reacts with the H-acidic compound under current-free conditions, e.g. Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Sb, Cu, or Au. The H-acidic compound or a solution thereof is a polar solvent is made conducting by addition of a soluble salt of chlorine, bromine or iodine, and is electrolyzed at a temperature of up to 150.degree. C, using said metal as the anode, for production of the alcoholate.

Abstract: Process for extraction of hops utilizing supercritical gases such as carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Optically active compounds are prepared from optically inactive unsaturated hydrocarbons by reacting at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst prepared by combining a nickel compound, a Lewis acid and an optically active phosphine of the general formulaPR'R"R'"in which R', R" and R'" are hydrocarbon radicals, thereby forming optically active compounds having chiral centers formed by the carbon-to-carbon linkages. The optically active compounds can be polymerized to provide optically active polymers.

Abstract: Process of producing nickel alcoholates by reacting .pi.-allyl nickel compounds with carbonyl compounds. The nickel alcoholates so produced can be hydrolyzed to their corresponding alcohols and these alcohols can in part be dehydrated to their corresponding olefins. The nickel alcoholate products are useful for the production of their corresponding alcohols and these alcohols are useful for the production of their corresponding olefins.