Abstract: A nano resonance apparatus includes a gate electrode configured to generate a magnetic field, and a nanowire connecting a source electrode to a drain electrode and configured to vibrate in the presence of the magnetic field. The nanowire includes a protruding portion extending in a direction of the gate electrode.

Abstract: A resonator fabrication method is provided. A method includes providing a plurality of electrode patterns disposed apart from each other on a substrate using a nano-imprint technique; and forming an extended electrode pattern connected to a plurality of electrode patterns, and forming a nano structure laid across an extended electrode patterns. Therefore, a nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) resonator is easily fabricated at a nanometer level.

Abstract: A light-emitting device comprises a substrate; a light-emitting layer formed on the substrate; a transparent electrode layer formed on the light-emitting layer, the transparent electrode layer having a curved surface; and a reflective layer formed on and along the curved surface of the transparent electrode layer such that the curved surface of the transparent electrode layer is transferred so as to reflect the light generated from the light-emitting layer toward the light-emitting layer.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus and a method for reducing a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) through the recombination of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. The apparatus includes an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol transforming unit, a peak power measuring unit, and an OFDM symbol selecting unit, wherein the OFDM symbol transforming unit generates the plurality of OFDM symbols by (a) performing a process of rotating the OFDM symbol by a predetermined angle in a complex plane and performing cyclical shifting with respect to the rotated OFDM symbol and (b) repetitively performing process (a) with respect to the cyclically shifted OFDM symbol. Therefore, diversity is secured, whereby the PAPR may be reduced.

Abstract: A resonator fabrication method is provided. A method includes providing a plurality of electrode patterns disposed apart from each other on a substrate using a nano-imprint technique; and forming an extended electrode pattern connected to a plurality of electrode patterns, and forming a nano structure laid across an extended electrode patterns. Therefore, a nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) resonator is easily fabricated at a nanometer level.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus and method. A vertex grouping unit of the data processing apparatus may group, into at least one group, a plurality of vertices included in a three-dimensional (3D) object desired to be compressed. A prediction mode determination unit may determine a prediction mode for compressing a vertex position with respect to each of the at least one group. A coder may code a prediction error vector and an identification (ID) index of the prediction mode determined with respect to each of the at least one group.

Abstract: Provided are a beamforming vector determining method and an apparatus which may compute a normalization factor of each of a plurality of terminals by normalizing a predetermined reference value using noise power occurring in each of the terminals. A leakage channel of each of the terminals may be estimated, and a beamforming vector for each of the terminals may be determined with respect to a plurality of base stations based on the leakage channel of each of the terminals.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus and a method for establishing a contention window in a WiMedia wireless network. The contention window establishing apparatus includes: a parsing unit extracting the number of devices that intend to transmit data from a beacon received during a beacon period and an access category (AC) of each device; a calculation unit calculating a transmission probability of each access category (AC) on the basis of the extracted number of devices; and a contention window establishing unit establishing a contention window for each access category (AC) on the basis of the calculated transmission probability, to reduce contentions among the devices and decrease data transmission latency time, thereby maximizing efficiency in data transmission latency time.

Abstract: An antenna device for a portable terminal includes: a ground pattern provided on one surface of a circuit board; a first antenna pattern configured to resonate at a first frequency band and provided on an opposite surface of the circuit board; and a second antenna pattern configured to resonate at a second frequency band different from the first frequency band and arranged along a periphery of the ground pattern. The second antenna pattern is a zeroth order mode resonator including a plurality of capacitors and a plurality of inductors. The antenna device easily secures the operation characteristics of different operation frequency bands and contributes to miniaturization of the portable terminal. Thus, a user can conveniently carry and use the portable terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed are a beam forming method and a multiple antenna system using the same. There is provided a multiple antenna system which forms optimal beam patterns through a transmission of a training sequence between a transmitter and a receiver, each including a plurality of antennas, the multiple antenna system comprising: a transmitter selecting antennas to be activated according to a level and transmitting the training sequence to a receiver through the selected antennas; a receiver selecting the antennas to be activated according to the level and transmitting to the transmitter an index of an optimal transmission weight vector significantly reducing a cost function based on the training sequence transmitted from the transmitter, wherein the transmitter selects antennas so that the beam patterns formed by the antennas selected at a q-th level (q: the index of the level) include the beam patterns formed by the antennas selected at a q+1-th level.

Abstract: Provided are an electron emission source, a display apparatus using the same, an electronic device, and a method of manufacturing the display apparatus. The electron emission source includes a substrate, a cathode separately manufactured from the substrate, and a needle-shaped electron emission material layer, e.g., carbon nanotube (CNT) layer, fixed to the cathode by an adhesive layer. The CNT layer is formed by a suspension filtering method, and electron emission density is increased by a subsequent taping process on the electron emission material layer.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for transmitting a channel sounding signal from a user terminal in a multiple antenna system. In the method, a channel for each of a plurality of antennas is estimated. The receiving signal power of each of the antennas is calculated using the channel information obtained through the channel estimation. The antenna with the highest RX signal power is selected. Therefore, it is possible to enhance the signal reception performance of the user terminal.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus and a method for establishing a contention window in a WiMedia wireless network. The contention window establishing apparatus includes: a parsing unit extracting the number of devices that intend to transmit data from a beacon received during a beacon period and an access category (AC) of each device; a calculation unit calculating a transmission probability of each access category (AC) on the basis of the extracted number of devices; and a contention window establishing unit establishing a contention window for each access category (AC) on the basis of the calculated transmission probability, to reduce contentions among the devices and decrease data transmission latency time, thereby maximizing efficiency in data transmission latency time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for determining a modulation and coding scheme in a Multiple Input Multiple Output system with a Maximum Likelihood Detector (MIMO-MLD), in which an upper bound and a lower bound of a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for the MIMO-MLD are determined, an effective Signal to Noise Ratio (eSNR) is computed using a relation between the upper bound and the lower bound, a channel quality is estimated using the eSNR, and a modulation and coding scheme is determined using the estimated channel quality.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for spatial multiplexing in a closed-loop Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) system are provided. In a method of operating a receiver in an MIMO system, a signal transmitted by a transmitter is received. Blockwise-Orthogonalized Spatial Multiplexing (B-OSM) is performed on the received signal. Feedback information determined by performing the B-OSM on the received signal is fed back to the transmitter.

Abstract: A semiconductor apparatus includes a power supply changing unit. The power supply changing unit is configured to receive an enable signal and power supply voltage, generate first voltage or second voltage according to the enable signal, change a voltage level of the second voltage according to a level signal, and supply the first voltage or the second voltage as a driving voltage of an internal circuit, wherein the internal circuit receives a first input signal to output a second input signal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and system for translating a high-level language (HLL) code such as C, C++, Fortran, Java or the like into a HDL code such as Verilog or VHDL which requires no modification in the original HLL source code, while supporting a cross call between software and hardware, and even recursive calls in hardware. The system includes: a HLL-to-HLL source translator which reads user programming directive from a translation-targeted high-level language code marked with the user directive, and separates the translation-targeted high-level language code into a hardware code part and a software code part; a main compiler which compiles the software code part; a HLL-to-HDL translator which includes the front-end and middle-end of the main compiler and a HDL backend; a main core which executes the compiled software code part; and a dedicated hardware which executes the HDL code.

Abstract: A method for estimating a boundary between a background and a user object in a video, in which the user object is segmented from the background is provided. The initial object contour is estimated in a first video frame for object segmentation, and color probability density functions are estimated for the user object and the background segmented from the first video frame. An edge strip with a predetermined width is generated in a current frame based on an object contour of a previous frame, and a coherence probability density function of the edge strip is estimated. The user object is segmented in the current frame by energy minimization.

Abstract: A handover method of a mobile station in a wireless mobile communication system and a system therefore are provided. The mobile station transmits a handover indication message to a serving base station, receives a ranging response message that comprises authentication information required for the mobile station to authenticate a target base station, receives fast ranging resources and transmits a ranging response acknowledgement (ACK) message, which comprises authentication information required for the target base station to authenticate the mobile station, to the target base station after receiving the fast ranging resources. Accordingly, a handover break time is minimized.

Abstract: An optical device may include a substrate, a metal layer on the substrate, at least one first nano-structure in the layer, and at least one second nano-structure in the layer. The at least one first nano-structure may include a light source. The at least one first and second nano-structures may be spaced apart. A method of controlling a propagation direction of light output from an optical device that includes a metal layer on a substrate may include disposing first and second nano-structures in the layer; disposing at least one light source in the first nano-structure; and controlling the propagation direction of the light output from the at least one light source by changing at least one of a shape of the first nano-structure, a shape of the second nano-structure, a size of the first nano-structure, a size of the second nano-structure, and an interval between the first and second nano-structures.