Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated circuit, which includes a DTC block including DTCs, receiving a first reference signal and a first division signal, and outputting a second reference signal and a second division signal based on the first reference signal, the first division signal, and control codes, a TDC comparing phases of the second reference signal and the second division signal and outputting a comparison signal, a digital loop filter filtering the comparison signal, an oscillator generating an output signal based on the filtered comparison signal, a delta-sigma modulator outputting a first signal and a quantized noise signal based on first and second division ratio signals, a divider dividing a frequency of the output signal based on the first signal and outputting the first division signal, and a probability modulator generating the control codes based on the quantized noise signal. Probability density functions of the control codes are time-invariant.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for interpolating X-ray tomographic image data by using a machine learning model. A method of interpolating an X-ray tomographic image or X-ray tomographic composite image data includes obtaining a trained model parameter via machine learning that uses a sub-sampled sinogram for learning as an input and uses a full-sampled sinogram for learning as a ground truth; radiating X-rays onto an object at a plurality of preset angular locations via an X-ray source, and obtaining a sparsely-sampled sinogram including X-ray projection data obtained via X-rays detected at the plurality of preset angular locations; applying the trained model parameter to the sparsely-sampled sinogram by using the machine learning model; and generating a densely-sampled sinogram by estimating X-ray projection data not obtained with respect to the object on the sparsely-sampled sinogram.

Abstract: A method and system for providing user information on an online service is disclosed. A content providing method configured as a computer may include setting a providing range of information associated with a user using an online service for each online service, matching an open application program interface (API) of the online service with respect to the providing range of information associated with the user, and providing content corresponding to the providing range of information associated with the user through the online service in interaction with the open API.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for updating betweenness centrality of a graph, which obtains the betweenness centrality of an unweighted graph, which is updated when edges are updated. First of all, the method is performed by obtaining a minimum union cycle (an MUC) of the updated graph, and extracting an MUC (MUCU) containing a vertex, which is incident to the updated edge. And a first betweenness centrality due to the shortest paths in the MUCU, and a second betweenness centrality due to the shortest paths, not included in the MUCU, are calculated. And finally, a final betweenness centrality of the graph is obtained by adding the first and second betweenness centralities. By using the method, the search space and calculation cost can be remarkably reduced.

Abstract: Provided is a visualization apparatus for a PEMFC using a transparent window. More particularly, provided is a visualization apparatus for a large are PEMFC including: a plurality of visualization apparatuses for region cells including current collector plates each provided on both sides of a membrane electrode assembly of a PEMFC and formed with channels through which reaction gas and products flow and a transparent provided on the outer surface of the current collector plate. Further, provided is a visualization apparatus for a large area PEMFC electrically connecting the current collector plates of the visualization apparatus for region cells to each other in parallel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for updating betweenness centrality of a graph, which obtains the betweenness centrality of an unweighted graph, which is updated when edges are updated, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining a minimum union cycle (an MUC, a subset of edges of the graph in which every vertex of the graph is incident to an even number of edges) of the updated graph; extracting an MUC (i.e., an MUCU) containing a vertex, which is incident to the updated edge, and calculating the betweenness centrality (i.e., local betweenness centrality) due to the shortest paths (internal paths) in the MUCU; obtaining the betweenness centrality (an increase of an external path) due to the shortest paths of the graph, which are not included in the MUCU; and calculating the betweenness centrality of the graph by adding the increase of the external path to the local betweenness centrality.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device having increased outcoupling efficiency, a lighting apparatus including the organic light emitting device, and an organic light emitting display apparatus including the organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device includes a substrate, a first electrode layer that is uniformly patterned on the substrate, a low refractive conductive layer disposed on the first electrode layer, and having a conductive material with a lower refractive index than a refractive index of an organic layer that is disposed on the low refractive conductive layer, and a second electrode layer formed on the organic layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for extracting a region-of-interest of a user in a multimedia mobile terminal. The method includes: setting a search region in an input picture input to the multimedia mobile terminal on a screen picture-to-screen picture basis, and extracting a group of boundary of a region-of-interest based on a brightness difference between the set search region and an environment around the set search region; determining boundary coordinates of the region-of-interest through learning during a predetermined frame among the extracted group of boundary coordinate candidates; and enlarging the region-of-interest having the determined boundary coordinates, and displaying the enlarged region-of-interest. As a result, a region the user is most interested in or pays more attention to than other regions on a screen is automatically extracted.

Abstract: An ultra slim power supply device for supplying power to an electric vehicle in a contactless manner includes at least one power supply track buried in a road. Each power supply track includes a plate-shaped magnetic core extending along the road, a plate or strip shaped magnetic field generator arranged above the magnetic core through which an alternating current is supplied to generate a magnetic field, a plate or strip shaped insulating body positioned between the magnetic core and the magnetic field generator to isolate them from each other, and a housing for enclosing the magnetic core, the magnetic field generator and the insulating body.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for improving image resolution in a positron emission tomography (PET), which may reconstruct a high-resolution image in a PET system using a motion of an entire detector or a bed motion and may maintain a characteristic of a sinograms using a positive number in a sinogram computing, by applying a super-resolution algorithm that may be based on a maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm.

Abstract: A cognitive radio-based wireless communication system and an air interface method in a physical layer and a data link layer, which constitute a cognitive radio-based next-generation wireless communication system. The air interface method for wireless communication in the cognitive radio-based wireless communication system of the present invention is provided in the cognitive radio-based wireless communication system including a base station system and a plurality of mobile station systems. The base station system and a certain mobile station system communicate with each other using an overlay method that uses a spectrum hole. The base station system and the mobile station system switch from the overlay method to an underlay method to communicate with each other when a paying user having high priority performs communication using the spectrum hole.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a system and method for setting up a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) communication group in a cellular system, and a P2P communication system and method using the P2P communication group. The system for setting up a P2P communication group for a terminal in a cellular system including a base station and the terminals includes a location detection unit, a location information transmission unit, a control information reception unit, and a final group setup unit. The location detection unit detects the location of a terminal. The location information transmission unit sends information about the location, detected by the location detection unit, to the base station. The control information reception unit receives information about a preliminary P2P communication group set up by the base station based on the location information. The final group setup unit sets up a final P2P communication group based on the preliminary P2P communication group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a driving method of a plasma display panel with ADS method comprising a reset period including an erase period, a rising period and a falling period, an address period and a sustain period, in which an auxiliary electrode is inserted between a scan electrode and a sustain electrode which are disposed in parallel on a front substrate, while an address electrode is disposed on a rear substrate facing the front substrate, wherein an erase pulse which rises from a first voltage to a second voltage is applied to the auxiliary electrode in the erase period. According to the present invention, the reset driving method is used in a four electrode AC PDP for a high efficiency, in which the reset discharge is stabilized by lowering the reset voltage, thereby, the address discharge is stabilized. Thus, the four electrode AC PDP having a high efficiency can be stably drived. The plasma display panel using the method uses a low reset voltage, so that the power consumption is reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a system and method for setting up a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) communication group in a cellular system, and a P2P communication system and method using the P2P communication group. The system for setting up a P2P communication group for a terminal in a cellular system including a base station and the terminals includes a location detection unit, a location information transmission unit, a control information reception unit, and a final group setup unit. The location detection unit detects the location of a terminal. The location information transmission unit sends information about the location, detected by the location detection unit, to the base station. The control information reception unit receives information about a preliminary P2P communication group set up by the base station based on the location information. The final group setup unit sets up a final P2P communication group based on the preliminary P2P communication group.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus for and a method of bonding a nano-tip using electrochemical etching, in which a good bonding stability can be provided. The nano-tip bonding apparatus comprises a glass plate having a top surface of a certain desired area. An electrolytic solution having conductivity is placed on the top surface of the glass plate by means of surface tension. Means for moving reciprocally a base material having conductivity in opposite direction is provided. A carbon nano-tube is adhered to a pointed tip of the base material by means of an adhesive. An end portion of the carbon nano-tube is to be immersed in the electrolytic solution. A power supply is provided for applying an electric power to the electrolytic solution and the base material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cognitive radio-based wireless communication system and to an air interface method in a physical layer and a data link layer, which constitute a cognitive radio-based next-generation wireless communication system. The air interface method for wireless communication in the cognitive radio-based wireless communication system of the present invention is provided in the cognitive radio-based wireless communication system including a base station system and a plurality of mobile station systems. The base station system and a certain mobile station system communicate with each other using an overlay method that uses a spectrum hole. The base station system and the mobile station system switch from the overlay method to an underlay method to communicate with each other when a paying user having high priority performs communication using the spectrum hole.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing colloidal crystals using a confined convective assembly, more particularly, to a method for manufacturing two-dimensional and/or three dimensional colloidal crystals on a substrate by infusing colloidal suspension between two substrates and self-assembling colloidal particles by capillary action. The present invention can control a convective flow moving the colloidal particles to a meniscus generated by removing the solvent of the colloidal suspension. It is possible to manufacture face-to-face two-dimensional colloidal crystals and/or three-dimensional colloidal crystals within a short time using various sizes of colloidal particles through the control of the convective flow of colloidal particles, which are not easily achieved in the existing method.

Abstract: A haptic mouse interface system includes a mouse, a first force feedback unit for providing a first force feedback in a first direction of a virtual object to the user's hand and arm, a second force feedback unit for providing a second force feedback in second and third directions to the user's fingers, and a tactile feedback unit for providing tactile sensations to the user's fingers. The first force feedback unit has first and second encoders to receive signals relating to a first direction of the virtual object, first and second motors driven by the first and second encoders, and a linkage, which is connected between shafts of the first and second motors and the mouse. The second force feedback unit is provided in the mouse, and has a third encoder to receive a signal relating to the second and third directions of the virtual object, a third motor driven by the third encoder and having a shaft, a pair of finger pads provided at both sides of the mouse and linearly moved by the third motor.

Abstract: An arithmetic decoding method and apparatus are provided. The apparatus includes an arithmetic decoding apparatus comprising an arithmetic decoding unit determining a range of a most probable symbol and a range of a least probable symbol required to decode a current symbol, comparing a current offset and the range of the most probable symbol required to decode the current symbol, and determining and outputting the value of the current symbol. The apparatus also includes a predicted arithmetic decoding unit determining a range of a most probable symbol and a range of a least probable symbol which are required to decode a next symbol using a prediction that the current symbol is the most probable symbol, comparing a next offset and the range of the most probable symbol required to decode the next symbol, and determining and outputting a range of the next symbol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a driving method of a plasma display panel with ADS method comprising a reset period including an erase period, a rising period and a falling period, an address period and a sustain period, in which an auxiliary electrode is inserted between a scan electrode and a sustain electrode which are disposed in parallel on a front substrate, while an address electrode is disposed on a rear substrate facing the front substrate, wherein an erase pulse which rises from a first voltage to a second voltage is applied to the auxiliary electrode in the erase period. According to the present invention, the reset driving method is used in a four electrode AC PDP for a high efficiency, in which the reset discharge is stabilized by lowering the reset voltage, thereby, the address discharge is stabilized. Thus, the four electrode AC PDP having a high efficiency can be stably drived. The plasma display panel using the method uses a low reset voltage, so that the power consumption is reduced.