Abstract: The invention relates to a vaporizer-condensor (4) of the bath type, comprising at least one heat exchange body (13), having a multitude of flat passages (18) for the countercurrent circulation of two fluids in a same direction, and a sealed chamber (14) for confining a fluid containing the or each heat exchange body, the confinement chamber comprising a central section (50) of generally cylindrical shape along a longitudinal axis (Y—Y). The longitudinal axis of the central section of said or each confinement chamber is orthogonal to the direction of countercurrent circulation of the fluids in the flat passages of the corresponding heat exchange body. Use in double column air distillation installations.

Abstract: An apparatus of measuring both concentration and amount of a liquid in a liquid chemical container is presented, comprising viewing light emanating from a first optical member that is in visual contact with the liquid, the light emanating from the optical member having a level indicating quality; and routing light from a second optical member that is in visual contact with the liquid to means for optical discrimination between liquid chemical based on different optical properties.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for combusting a fuel with an oxidant are described, the apparatus comprising a ceramic burner block, the burner block having a back face and a front face. The burner block has at least one oxidant cavity in an upper portion of the burner block, and at least one fuel cavity in a lower portion of the burner block, each cavity extending from the back face to the front face. The at least one oxidant cavity has positioned therein a fuel supply conduit, the fuel supply conduit having a fuel supply conduit exit positioned a sufficient distance from the front face to allow combustion of at least a portion of fuel exiting the fuel supply conduit exit with at least some of the oxidant traversing the oxidant cavity, and the least one fuel cavity having connected thereto, near the back face, an oxidant conduit, thereby allowing mixing of a minor portion of the oxidant with the fuel.

Abstract: A section of pipe, for a device for treating a gas by exciting the latter by way of incident microwave radiation suitable for producing a surface-wave plasma in the gas, including a discharge tube made of dielectric material intended to pass through the device in a region for concentrating the incident radiation. The tube comprises, over at least part of its length, a double wall.

Abstract: Process for the on-site purification of an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, in which the solution is made to pass through a resin bed capable, at least partially, of adsorbing or absorbing the impurities present in the solution. The hydrogen peroxide solution is injected into the resin bed and passes through the latter at an approximately linear velocity preferably of between 10 m/h and 50 m/h and more preferably between 10 m/h and 20 m/h, while the resin bed is kept substantially compacted for at least 50% of the time during which the solution is being purified by coming into contact with the said resin.

Abstract: A plant (1) includes, an air distillation apparatus (4) having at least one outlet (25) for a nitrogen-rich fluid and an outlet (32) for a product to be delivered in the liquid state and a gas turbine unit (3) having a combustion chamber (17) and an electricity-generating turbine (18), the intake of which is connected to an outlet of the combustion chamber. An expander (13) for expanding a nitrogen-rich fluid in order to generate refrigerating power allowing the liquid product to be delivered, the air distillation apparatus being connected in parallel to the expander (13) and to the intake of an electricity-delivering turbine in order to feed them with at least one nitrogen-rich fluid. Control elements (41,42) are provided for controlling the flow rates of the nitrogen-rich fluid streams sent to the expander (13) and to the electricity-generating turbine (18), respectively, and determination elements (40) for determining the electrical power to be generated by the electricity-generating turbine (18).

Abstract: A mixture containing oxygen is introduced into a distillation column (1); an intermediate stream, substantially free from impurities heavier than oxygen, is withdrawn (at 17) at a level of the column located above the point (4) of introduction of the air, the point (22) of withdrawal being separated from this point (4) of introduction by a distillation section (6), particularly with packing; the stream withdrawn (at 17) is sent to an oxygen purification column (2), and a reflux liquid is distributed over the section (6) by a distributor (9). A predetermined non-uniformity of the distribution of the reflux liquid over the upper surface (8) of the section (6) is effected in at least one localized region (23) of this surface.

Abstract: In a plant for separating air which does not comprise an argon column, an intermediate-pressure column (102) has a bottom reboiler (24) which is heated by a gas (233) coming from the low-pressure column (103). The intermediate-pressure column is fed from the high-pressure column (101). This makes it possible to reduce the energy consumption while improving the efficiency of the process.

Abstract: Compound of formula (I): in which W1, W2 and W3, which are identical or different, each represent, independently of one another, a divalent radical chosen from those represented by the general formula (A): —[(CT5T6)a—(CT1T2)n—[N(R4)]p—(CT3T4)m—(CT7T8)b]1—  (A) as defined in the description and in which R4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical, a [(hetero)aryl]alkyl radical or a radical represented by the general formula (B), R5—Si(X1) (X2) (X3), as defined in the description, and R1, R2 and R3, which are identical or different, each represent, independently of one another and of R4, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical, a [(hetero)aryl]alkyl radical comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms or a radical represented by the general formula (B), it being understood that the compound of formula (I) comprises more than six cyclic nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: Method and its associated device for the regulated injection of liquid carbon dioxide (CO2L) into a liquid (L) under pressure inside a chamber. The liquid carbon dioxide (CO2L) is, according to this method, injected at a fixed flow rate, in stepped mode, under the protection of a stream of gas (when injection is stopped).

Abstract: Apparatus and process for removing carbon monoxide from a gas stream comprising a major portion of an inert gas and a minor portion of carbon monoxide are provided. The process involves contacting a feed gas stream with at least a primary metal oxide in a reaction zone of a reactor vessel at conditions effective to convert substantially all of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, thus producing a purified gas stream consisting essentially of the inert gas and carbon dioxide and substantially free of carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A novel compound which can be used in the field of separation and purification of gases is disclosed. The compound can be incorporated into a silica gel incorporating polyazacycloalkane structural units for separating a predetermined gas from a mixture of gases. The mixture of gases is brought into contact with a metallated hybrid gel under conditions which make possible the absorption of the gas to be separated, followed by a phase of desorption of the attached gas, and the recovery of the gas.

Abstract: An oxygen concentrator portable by a patient, permitting producing a flow of gas containing 50% to 95% of oxygen from air, comprising air compression device, elements for gas separation by adsorption with pressure variations, and electrical energy storage unit keeping its charge for at least 30 minutes, the concentrator having a total weight less than 10 kg. Preferably, the gas separation elements are a PSA system using a zeolite X exchanged with lithium, as the adsorbent.

Abstract: A device for storing gas includes at least one container (1) for gas, of the high pressure type, that has an outlet conduit with which is associated a branch (5) ensuring a closeable calibrated loss. The gas is in gaseous phase in this container over a range of pressures extending from about 40 to 250 bars and preferably from 50 to 200 bars and over a range of temperatures extending from about 15° K to 210° K and preferably from 20° K to 200° K. The device includes a thermally insulating envelope (2) in which the container (1) is disposed.

Abstract: The gas treatment installation operating on a treatment cycle, in which part of the cycle is performed at a pressure below atmospheric pressure, particularly a PSA, TSA or VSA installation, includes one or more gas treatment vessels containing adsorbent. Each vessel has at least one orifice, at least one gas pipe communicating with the orifice, at least one valve arranged on the gas pipe and controlling the flow of the gas flowing through the pipe. The valve comprises a shaft for operating the valve and sealing elements. A device for maintaining a protective gaseous atmosphere is arranged around the sealing elements and the operating shaft to create and to maintain a protective gaseous atmosphere around these items and thus prevent the ingress, into the treatment vessel, of contaminants harmful to the adsorbent, particularly the ingress of moisture liable to deactivate the molecular sieve, that is to say the adsorbent.

Abstract: A system useful for superadiabatic combustion generation of a reducing atmosphere for metal heat treatment includes a superadiabatic reactor which supplies a reducing atmosphere to a metal heat treatment apparatus.

Abstract: A system and method for purifying liquefied corrosive gases of metallic impurities is described. The principle for this purification method relies on vapor-phase transfilling the vapor phase from a source container into a receiving container. This method has been observed to decrease metal concentrations by a factor of at least 1000 and, decreases the metallic impurity levels in the resulting condensate. The vapor transfer is accomplished by controlled differential pressure rather than mechanical pumping, thereby generating no particle or metal impurities.

Abstract: A method and system for carrying out the disinfestation of a product by means of the use of disinfesting gas under atmospheric pressure with pretreatment in vacuo, the said product being introduced into a first container in which the vacuum is produced and in which, subsequently, the said vacuum is broken by the introduction of the disinfesting gas, the said method comprising: a) the introduction of the first container into a second container before the vacuum is produced, b) the creation of the vacuum in both containers and the subsequent breaking of the said vacuum by passing the disinfesting gas into the two containers, c) the removal of the said gas from the second container, the gas being retained in the first container, d) the extraction of the first container from the second container so as to permit the use of the latter for subsequent disinfestation, the disinfesting gas being retained in the first container for the time necessary to complete the disinfestation of the product.

Abstract: A process for the treating of a product comprising the steps of: contacting the product with a solution of ozonized water subjected to stirring during all or part of the contacting, wherein all or part of the stirring is hydraulic in origin; recirculating at least a portion of the solution contacted with the product to one or more points where the contacting step occurs so as to establish turbulent water conditions capable of allowing achievement of a sufficient contact time between the product and the ozone dissolved in the water to attain a required level of treatment.

Abstract: The electric arc furnace is equipped with a supersonic injector comprising a so-called Laval nozzle arranged at a certain distance above the bath. The dimensions of the nozzle are calculated as a function of the desired flow rate of oxygen and the desired velocity of the jet, and the pressure of the oxygen at the intake of the nozzle is such that the static pressure of the jet at the exit of the injector is substantially equal to the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere. Preferably, the injector comprises an annular channel for injection of natural gas, and can be used in burner mode at the start of the melting of scrap iron. The velocity of the oxygen is then subsonic.