Abstract: The invention relates to furnaces equipped with an insulating inner lining formed from fibers. The object of the invention is to reduce the thermal discontinuities at the level of the orifice tube of the burner. For this purpose, the orifice tube consists of blankets of fibers arranged radially round the burner and compressed to a greater extent in the inner part facing the axis of the burner than in the outer part. The density in the inner part preferably reaches 300 to 400 kg/m.sup.3.

Abstract: A pollen suppressant of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 independently represent C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, or phenyl or naphthyl substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, trihalomethyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, and cyano; R.sup.2 is ##STR2## where R.sup.5 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl group, optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, or an aryl group selected from the group consisting of 6-membered rings containing 0-3 nitrogens and fused bicyclic 10-membered rings containing 6 atoms in each ring and 0-3 nitrogens per ring with the remaining atoms in the ring or rings of said aryl group being carbon atoms, said aryl group being optionally substituted with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or an electron-withdrawing group, R.sup.3 is hydrogen, a halogen a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a carboxy group or an agronomically acceptable alkali metal salt thereof, or a group of the formula --COOR.sup.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to permit, for operation with coal by itself, easy adjustment of the flame length without varying the gas flow and with a relatively stable flame divergence. The burner according to the invention comprises a cylindrical tube (1) through which an air/fuel mixture is ejected into the flame, and inside which a coaxial cylindrical part (6) can move along the axis in order to permit adjustment of the output speed of the gas. Advantageously, this part (6) constitutes a means for injecting air and fuel-oil for mixed operation or operation with fuel-oil by itself.

Abstract: Cement clinker is produced in that raw cement powder is preheated in a suspension-type heat exchanger and is de-acidified in a fluidized bed and clinkered in a rotary kiln, and the clinker is subsequently cooled. A de-acidification of at least 95% is effected at a temperature above 850.degree. C. in a circulation system comprising a fluidized bed reactor, a cyclone separator and a recycling duct. The carbonaceous fuel required for the calcining and clinkering processes is fed in an amount of at least 65% (related to the total heat requirement) to the de-acidifying fluidized bed reactor and in an amount of at least 10% (related to the total heat requirement) to the clinkering rotary kiln.The fuel supplied to the de-acidifying fluidizing bed reactor is burnt near stoichiometrically in two stages with fluidizing gas and secondary gas. The ratios of the rates and volumes of fluidizing gas to secondary gas are so selected that a mean suspension density of 100 to 300 kg/m.sup.

Abstract: Apparatus for loading bulk materials from a storage bin into a truck body. An enclosure is defined by flexible rubber movable walls of which at least three are horizontally displaceable into contact with the corresponding sides or edges of the body of the truck to be loaded. Exhaust fans cause a negative pressure inside the enclosure sufficient to urge the movable walls into sealing contact at the corners of the enclosure and against the sides or edges of the truck body. At the end of loading, detectors automatically cause the horizontally displaceable walls to move back out of contact with the truck body to facilitate ingress and egress of the truck.

Abstract: Cement clinker is produced in that raw cement powder is preheated in a suspension-type heat exchanger and is de-acidified in a precalcining apparatus and clinkered in a fluidized bed and the clinker is subsequently cooled. An de-acidification of at least 95% is effected at a temperature above 85.degree. C. in a circulation system comprising a fluidized bed reactor, a cyclone separator and a recycling duct. The carbonaceous fuel required for the calcining and clinkering processes is fed in an amount of at least 65% (related to the total heat requirement) to the de-acidifying fluidized bed reactor and in an amount of at least 10% (related to the total heat requirement) to the clinkering fluidized bed reactor. The fuel supplied to the fluidizing bed reactor is burnt near stoichiometrically in two stages with fluidizing gas and secondary gas. The ratios of the rates and volumes of fluidizing gas to secondary gas are so selected that a means suspension density of 100 to 300 kg/m.sup.

Abstract: A particle grinder includes a container having at least one opening in a wall thereof; a sound isolation layer covers a major portion of the exterior surface of the container and an elogated fastening device passes through the opening, fastening the sound isolation layer to the container. The fastening device includes a bolt and a nut threadable onto the bolt. A first sleeve composed of substantially non-deformable material surrounds the elongated fastening device at least partially within a region of the opening, and a second and resilient sleeve surrounds the first sleeve, at least partially and normally projects exteriorly therebeyond. A clearance exists normally between the sleeves and the sound isolation layer abuts an exterior portion of the second sleeve. A resilient seal is disposed around the periphery of a portion of the fastening device, and between the first sleeve, and the container.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for manufacturing cement clinker in which pellets of raw material containing the necessary components for manufacturing the clinker are introduced into an apparatus where the pellets flow under gravity, successively through a preheating zone, a clinkering zone using a fluidized bed and a cooling zone. The pellets contain an amount of comminuted carbon determined so that its combustion produces an amount of heat within each pellet sufficient to carry out decarbonation of the material, taking into account the heat introduced by the hot gases passing upwardly through the apparatus. Decarbonation is completed at the base of the preheating zone and the pellets enter the clinkering zone at a temperature which is close to the clinkering temperature. Additional heat is supplied through burners within the clinkering zone.

Abstract: A method of producing mineral fillers containing hydrated calcium monocarboaluminate.Al(OH).sub.3, CaCO.sub.3 and Ca(OH).sub.2 are reacted together in the presence of water, the operating temperature range being of 50.degree. C.-100.degree. C. Although these materials are insoluble, a quick reaction occurs as well in a highly concentrated solid medium as in a diluted medium. According to a preferred embodiment, the amount of water is such to obtain a final dry matter content of 50%, and the substantially solid resulting paste is directly brought to the fluidity required for use by means of a defloculating agent.Application to paper coating.

Abstract: A seal assembly is disclosed for a rotary kiln such as those used in cement manufacture. The seal assembly is interposed between a first part rotating with the rotating cylinder of the kiln and a second, stationary part having a cylindrical surface coaxial with the rotating cylinder. The seal assembly comprises an annular array of graphite elements in rubbing contact with the cylindrical surface and generally radial sides having overlapping rabbets restricting flow of gas between adjacent elements, and a flexible clamping cable or the like bearing against the outer surfaces of the graphite elements for clamping them against the cylindrical surface.

Abstract: A device for mixing by turbulence gaseous fluids and solid particles placed in suspension, comprising a mixing chamber into which emerge a first flow of gas introduced through an inlet located at one end of the chamber and forming a vortex which is exhausted through an outlet volute, and a second axial flow introduced through the other end and penetrating along the axis of the vortex in order to mix there with the first flow, the whole being exhausted through the outlet volute. The outlet volute is located in the central portion of the mixing chamber, the latter comprising an upper portion for the formation of the vortex between the outlet volute and the inlet for the vortex flow (A), located at the upper end of it, and a lower portion for recovery and recycling of the solid particles, in the form of a sloping surface which widens upwardly from the inlet orifice for the axial flow (B), located at the lower end of the chamber, as far as the outlet volute.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing calcium silicate and/or aluminate based products, such as Portland cement or aluminous cements. The raw material subjected to a first heating step in which it is heated in a preheater-decarbonator and/or a rotating kiln to a temperature less than that at which impurities, such as alkalines, chlorine and sulfur, are volatized. The heated raw material is then subjected to a second heating step in the presence of a reducing gas, preferably in a plasma furnace, the raw material being heated to a temperature higher than the temperature at which the impurities are volatilized, as for example above 1950.degree. C., and more than 80% of the material is in fusion, whereupon the material is cooled to produce the clinkers of improved quality and/or with lower energy consumption. An important feature of the invention is the utilization of the gases generated during the second heating step and during cooling to implement heating of the raw material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an installation for making cement clinker from a convenient raw material. The raw material is first partially decarbonated, then baked in a kiln where the decarbonation is completed, whereafter the material is clinkerized in the baking zone of the kiln wherein the volatile substances are removed from the material and at least a major part of the volatile substances are removed in the combustion gases. At least a portion of the combustion gases are diverted from the kiln at a location upstream of the baking zone, and the diverted gases are quenched by injecting cool powderous or granular material into the flow of said gases.

Abstract: Volatiles-rich dust and kiln gases are removed from a cement kiln by means of a special by-pass probe system located in the inlet end of the kiln. The probe system is designated to prevent the build-up of solidified volatiles-rich dust on the probe surfaces.

Abstract: This invention concerns an analysis reactor.This reactor is characterized by the fact that it comprises a generally cylindrical body open at the bottom and surrounded by two annular chambers, an upper one containing an inlet pipe and opening into the reactor through a number of radial apertures and a lower one inside which a cooling agent circulates, the cylindrical body ending at the bottom in a base containing a drainage hole with a device to plug this hole. The reactor body also contains an overflow pipe below the upper chamber.This invention also concerns the use of such a reactor to analyse a sample in powder form.

Abstract: A refractory plaster containing semi-hydrated calcium sulphate, mineral fibres and a mineral filler material. This plaster has outstanding fire-retardant properties at temperatures of up to 1400.degree. C. and can be used as a refractory material, while being adapted to be used in a manner similar to that of a conventional plaster.

Abstract: A refractory cement with outstanding mechanical properties contains 10 to 30 parts by weight of C.sub.4 A.sub.3 S clinker and 70 to 90 parts by weight of an aluminous clinker including 30 to 75% CA. This cement may be prepared by either grinding said clinkers to a specified fineness and then mixing the same, or by grinding said clinkers simultaneously and jointly to said specified fineness. The novel double clinker cement allows concrete with considerably improved refractory and mechanical properties to be prepared, as compared to the corresponding products known up to now.

Abstract: The invention is related to a method and an installation for preparing cement clinker from carboniferous shale or from any other mineral substance capable of releasing a certain amount of calorific power. According to this novel method, raw material constituted in part by previously calcined carboniferous shale and in part by additive substances which may contain limestone and clay, is submitted to clinkerization. The additive substances are at least partially decarbonated prior to their admixture with the shale.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for transferring heat between two gases having different temperatures through the intermediary of a solid heat-carrier, which process may be possibly applied to the treatment of a raw cement. In said process a powderous or granular solid material is employed as the solid heat-carrier, the gases circulating in two different cascades comprising batteries of cyclones and said heat-carrier is used to recover at least a part of the heat carried along by the hot fumes issuing from a clinkerization furnace.

Abstract: This material is an anorthite with an alumina skeleton of which the overall porosity is between 40 and 70% with a pore size such that the average diameter is between 0.75.mu. and 8.mu..To obtain it, water is mixed with a mixture of aluminous and sillicoaluminous materials with at least 10% by weight of calcium sulphate, it is dried and calcined at 1000.degree. to 1400.degree. C. The starting materials are selected so that the final product essentially comprises CaO, SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 with, by an SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 weight ratio less than 2 and a CaO/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 weight ratio less than 1. A preferred composition corresponds to point D of the diagram.Application to replace plaster in the manufacture of moulds for the sanitary industry.