Abstract: A lighting device, comprising a housing and at least one mounting clip. The housing comprises an electrical connection region engageable in an electrical receptacle. The mounting clip is pivotable from a first position, where an end region of the mounting clip does not extend beyond a periphery of the housing, to a second position, where the end region extends beyond the housing periphery. Also, a lighting device, comprising a housing, a trim element and at least one mounting clip. The mounting clip is pivotable, such that if the mounting clip is in a second position and then the trim element is rotated, the mounting clip will pivot to a third position, where the mounting clip engages the housing such that the trim element is biased toward a ceiling or other structure in which the lighting device is mounted. Also, methods of installing housings and/or trim elements.

Abstract: There is provided a lighting device comprising one or more groups of solid state light emitters and one or more groups of lumiphors, which emits mixed illumination having x, y color coordinates within a region defined by (0.32, 0.40), (0.36, 0.38), (0.41, 0.455), and (0.36, 0.48). Also, such lighting devices which emit light having x, y color coordinates within other specified regions. Also, such lighting devices with respective groups which emit light within two specified regions, and which mix to produce light within such regions. Also, methods of lighting light from such emitters and/or lumiphors.

Abstract: An LED lighting device for use in and powered through an incandescent light bulb alternating current socket is provided. The lighting device includes an LED light, a regulation circuit and a base. The regulation circuit converts an alternating current input to a direct current output. The base is adapted to fit within an incandescent light bulb alternating current socket. In addition to the LED light, regulation circuit and base, the invention can further include a heat sink that removes heat from the LED light, regulation circuit and combinations thereof. Preferably the heat sink is a ceramic. In addition, the regulation circuit can be a printed circuit that is printed directly onto the ceramic heat sink. The LED light, regulation circuit, base, and ceramic heat sink take the form of a lighting device that is exchangeable with an incandescent light bulb in traditional lighting fixtures.

Abstract: A power supply, comprising a boost converter which provides voltage to a first load, and a flyback converter which provides voltage to a second load and which utilizes an inductive element of the boost converter as a primary winding of a transformer of the flyback converter. Also, a power supply comprising a MOSFET which is disposed between solid state elements and a second reference potential and which controls current flowing through the solid state elements. Also, a circuit comprising a transformer, a first circuit portion comprising the primary winding of the transformer and a second circuit portion comprising the secondary winding of the transformer. Also, a power supply comprising means for using a common transformer for providing a boost converter and a flyback converter. Also, a power supply comprising a transformer, means for providing a boost converter utilizing the transformer, and means for providing a flyback converter utilizing the transformer.

Abstract: A lighting device comprising a light emitter chip, a reflective cup and a lumiphor positioned between the chip and the cup. Also, a lighting device comprising a light emitter chip, a wire bonded to a first surface of the chip and a lumiphor which faces a second surface of the chip. Also, a lighting device comprising a light emitter chip, and a lumiphor, a first surface of the chip facing a first region of the lumiphor, a second surface of the chip facing a second region of the lumiphor. Also, a lighting device comprising a light emitter chip and first and second lumiphors, a first surface of the chip facing the second lumiphor, a second surface of the chip facing the first lumiphor. Also, methods of making lighting devices.

Abstract: A lighting assembly comprising a light engine housing, a circuit board, a heat transfer material, an electrically conductive leg and a solid state light emitter. The emitter is in contact with a first end of the leg. The leg extends through the circuit board. A second end of the leg extends into the heat transfer material. Also, a lighting assembly as described above, which further comprises a fixture housing, in which the heat transfer material is in contact with the light engine housing and the light engine housing is connected to the fixture housing. In addition, a method of installing a lighting assembly, comprising connecting an electrical conductor and inserting the lighting assembly through a hole in a construction element such that clips attached to a fixture housing engage the construction element. Also, a method of changing a light emitter in a lighting assembly.

Abstract: A lighting device comprising at least one solid state light emitter and at least one lumiphor. If each solid state light emitter is illuminated and each lumiphor is excited, a mixture of light emitted has x, y color coordinates within an area defined by the coordinates 0.32, 0.40; 0.36, 0,48; 0.43, 0.45; 0.42, 0.42; and 0.36, 0.38. The lumiphor(s) comprises phosphor particles, in the range of from 3 to 7 micrometers (or 5-15, 10-20, or 15-25 micrometers), or having a mean particle size of 5, 10, 15, 20 micrometers. Also, a lighting device comprising at least one emitter and at least one lumiphor in which the lumiphor comprises phosphor particles having sizes as mentioned above, where the lighting device has an efficacy of at least 60 (or 70, or 80) lumens per watt.

Abstract: Lighting devices which comprise a connector portion, a light emitter, a casing and a heat transfer component. At least a first portion of the heat transfer component which is in contact with the casing is spaced farther from an axis of the connector portion than a second portion of the heat transfer component. Also, fixtures comprising a housing, a socket and at least one heat transfer component. Also, lighting assemblies comprising a housing, a socket, a heat transfer component and a lighting device which comprises a light emitter and a casing, respective portions of the heat transfer component being in contact with the casing and with the housing. Also, lighting devices comprising means for transferring heat, and methods of deploying lighting devices.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrosurgery (1) comprising a plurality of adjacent electrodes (2-5) arranged aligned and an electrosurgical current generator (6), connected or connectable to the electrodes (2-5) to induce the flowing of an electrosurgical current through the tissue portions interposed thereamong, wherein said generator (6) powers the electrodes (2-5) so that each electrode lies at a potential (V3-V5) greater than that of the electrode preceding it in the sequence (FIG. 2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fixing device of a cover for a centrifuge rotor, a receiving chamber of the centrifuge rotor, which is driven using a drive unit, for receiving samples to be centrifuged being closable aerosol-tight using the cover. The fixing device is provided with an opening so that the drive unit is accessible through the fixing device and the cover without removing the cover. The present invention has the advantage that the rotor may be removed from the centrifuge and the rotor remains closed aerosol-tight at the same time. In addition, simple, one-handed operation is made possible.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shaking incubator with at least one specimen storage device comprising several superposed specimen storage spaces. A shaking unit comprising a specimen storage position, a shaking platform and a base unit is arranged in at least one specimen storage space. The invention makes it possible to shake different specimens, located in the same specimen storage device, individually and independently of each other under incubator conditions.

Abstract: A light emitting diode lighting device and system that can be used for illuminating the interior and/or exterior of vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, signage or buildings is provided. It includes a voltage feedback constant current power supply circuitry and high power LEDs. The printed circuit assemblies are firmly mounted onto a continuous or semi-continuous mounting channel case that also works as a heat sink. By this means, it not only increases the reliability of the LED lighting tube but also it provides sufficient heat dissipation capability for the heat generated by the LEDs. Since the operating temperature of the LEDs is controlled and stays in cool condition, it dramatically increases the LED's lifetime and efficiency. The end caps of this LED lighting device are fully compatible with existing conventional fluorescent light fixtures and can directly replace those fluorescent lighting tubes in vehicles, mass-transit, watercrafts, aircrafts, signage or buildings with minimal modifications.

Abstract: A lighting device, comprising a first group of solid state light emitters and a first group of lumiphors, wherein at least some of the first group of solid state light emitters are contained in a first group of packages, each of which also comprises at least one of the first group of lumiphors. If all of the first group of solid state light emitters which are contained in the first group of packages are illuminated and/or if current is supplied to a power line, (1) a combined illumination from the first group of packages would, in the absence of any additional light, have color coordinates on a 1976 CIE Chromaticity Diagram which define a first point, and (2) at least 20% of the packages would emit light having color coordinates spaced from the first point. Also, methods of lighting.

Abstract: A lighting device comprising a first group of solid state light emitters, with peak wavelength from 430 nm to 480 nm, and optionally a second group with dominant wavelength from 600 nm to 630 nm, and a first group of lumiphors which emit light having dominant wavelength from 555 nm to 585 nm. In some embodiments, if current is supplied to a power line, a combination of (1) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the first group of emitters, and (2) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the first group of lumiphors would, in an absence of any additional light, produce a sub-mixture of light having x, y color coordinates within an area on a 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram defined by points having coordinates (0.32, 0.40), (0.36, 0.48), (0.43, 0.45), (0.42, 0.42), (0.36, 0.38). Also provided is a method of lighting.

Abstract: There is provided a solid state light emitting device comprising at least one light emitting active layer structure and at least one structure selected from among: (1) a first element having at least a first region which has an index of refraction gradient, (2) a first element, at least a portion of which has an index of refraction which is lower than an index of refraction of a side of the active layer, (3) first and second elements, in which one side of the second element is positioned on a side of the active layer and the first element is positioned on the other side of the second element, and in which at least a portion of the first element has an index of refraction which is lower than the index of refraction of at least a portion of the second element. Also provided are methods of making such devices.

Abstract: A lighting device comprising a group of one of more illumination solid state light emitters, a reference solid state light emitter and a reference sensor which detects an intensity of the reference solid state light emitter. Each of the emitters (1) has an illumination which is spaced from a first point by a delta u?, v? distance on a 1976 CIR diagram of not more than 0.015, and/or (2) has a forward voltage temperature dependence which is within 5% of a first forward voltage temperature dependence. In addition, a lighting device comprising one or more illumination solid state light emitters, a reference solid state light emitter and a sensor which comprises at least two areas of individual sensors. Also, methods of lighting.

Abstract: A lighting device, comprising at least first and second current regulators, each switchable among two settings, and at least first and second groups of solid state light emitters. If the first regulator is in a first setting, a first current is supplied to the first group and a second current is supplied to the second group, and if the first regulator is in a second setting, a third current is supplied to the first group and a fourth current is supplied to the second group. In some embodiments, a ratio of the third current divided by the first current differ's from a ratio of the fourth current divided by the second current by at least 5 %. Also, a method comprising substantially simultaneously adjusting current supplied to a first group, and adjusting a current supplied to a second group.

Abstract: There is provided a lighting device which emits light with an efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt. The lighting device comprises at least one solid state light emitter, e.g., one or more light emitting diodes, and optionally further includes one or more lumiphor. In some embodiments, the output light is of a brightness of at least 300 lumens. In some embodiments, the output light has a CRI Ra of at least 90. Also, a method of lighting, comprising supplying electricity to a lighting device which emits light with an efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt.

Abstract: A first lighting device comprises at least one plural cavity element and a plurality of solid state light emitters. A second lighting device comprises at least one plural cavity element, a plurality of solid state light emitters and at least one encapsulant region, at least a portion of the plural cavity element being surrounded by the encapsulant region. Each plural cavity element has at least two optical cavities. Each optical cavity comprises a concave region in the plural cavity element. At least one solid state light emitter is present in each of at least two of the optical cavities.

Abstract: A lighting device comprises a solid state light emitter, first and second electrodes connected to the emitter, an encapsulant region comprising a silicone compound and a supporting region. The encapsulant region extends to an external surface of the lighting device. At least a portion of the first electrode is surrounded by the supporting region. The encapsulant region and the supporting region together define an outer surface which substantially encompasses the emitter. A method of making a lighting device, comprises electrically connecting first and second electrodes to an emitter; inserting the emitter into mold cavity; inserting an encapsulant composition comprising a one silicone compound; and then inserting a second composition to substantially surround at least a portion of the first electrode.