Abstract: Various methods and apparatuses are described for a wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) that performs bi-directional communication. The WDM-PON may include two or more remote distribution nodes in between a central office and the most distant optical network unit. Each remote distribution node is located in a physically separate location. A first remote distribution node has two or more optical network units connected to the first remote distribution node. Each remote node separates one or more wavelength channels from a composite optical signal distributed through that remote distribution node.

Abstract: A method of estimating an injection power of seed light injected into an injection-seeded transmitter. A back face monitoring (BFM) response of the injection-seeded transmitter is determined, and data representative of the BFM response stored in a memory. During run-time, a controller of the injection-seeded transmitter, detects a temperature of the injection-seeded transmitter and an instantaneous BFM current. BFM response data is obtained from the memory based on the detected temperature, and the seed light injection power estimated based on the obtained data and the detected instantaneous BFM current.

Abstract: A mobile station and a method are provided for determining to perform a handover based on information of movement between cells. In order to perform handovers, a movement discriminator may be formed based on a measured power of transmitted signals. A determination may be made whether to perform the handover based on a plurality of movement discriminators.

Abstract: A method of estimating an injection power of seed light injected into an injection-seeded transmitter. A back face monitoring (BFM) response of the injection-seeded transmitter is determined, and data representative of the BFM response stored in a memory. During run-time, a controller of the injection-seeded transmitter, detects a temperature of the injection-seeded transmitter and an instantaneous BFM current. BFM response data is obtained from the memory based on the detected temperature, and the seed light injection power estimated based on the obtained data and the detected instantaneous BFM current.

Abstract: A power line arrangement includes a first power line and a second power line which crosses the first power line at least once. The first and second power lines are connected to a same power supply, and current in the first power line flows in a different direction from current in the second power line at an area where the first and second power lines cross.

Abstract: In a Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON) including, a system for distributing uplink, downlink and RF/Video broadcast signalling. An Array Waveguide Grating (AWG) couples respective wavelength channels between a trunk fibre of the WDM-PON and a plurality of branch fibers of the WDM-PON. The AWG has a predetermined free spectral range and implements a channel plan comprising at least three spectral segments, each segment having a width equal to the free spectral range of the AWG. An Optical Line Terminal of the WDM-PON receives wavelength division multiplexed uplink signals within a first one of the spectral segments, and transmits wavelength division multiplexed downlink signals within a second one of the spectral segments. Respective channel plans within the first and second spectral segments are identical. An RF/Video broadcast transmitter generates an RF/Video broadcast signal within a third one of the spectral segments.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a network architecture for upgrading a legacy time division multiplexing-passive optical network (TDM-PON) to a wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) based next-generation passive optical network (next-generation PON), wherein the legacy TDM-PON comprises: a central office (CO) having a first optical line termination (OLT); a remote node (RN) having a splitter; a single mode fiber (SMF) connecting the first OLT and the splitter; and a first group of one or more optical network terminations (ONTs) being connected to the splitter by a first group of one or more distribution fibers, and wherein the network architecture further comprises: in case that the next-generation PON is a WDM-PON, a first apparatus for combining and splitting wavelength bands being positioned between the SMF and the first OLT, in order to add a second OLT to be used for the WDM-PON within the CO or within another CO which is located in a position different from the CO, while sha

Abstract: A sub-channel assignment apparatus and method of minimizing interference caused by sub-channel frequency overlaps when assigning sub-channels for sectors of a base station in an OFDMA system of a FDMA type. The apparatus includes: a plurality of sector channel management parts that assign at least one channel having assignable channel indexes in response to requests from users in a sector managed by the sector channel management part, and report sector load information regarding the total number of the requests from the users in the sector; and a channel assignment scheduler for using the sector load information reported from each channel management part to calculate the number of assignable channels per class for each of the sectors, and determines the assignable channel indexes per class for each of the sectors according to the number of assignable channels, and forwards the assignable channel indexes to each of the sector channel management parts.

Abstract: An OLT in a WDM-PON may include a main board and a sub board. The main board may include a master optical transmitting/receiving control/supervising section and the sub board may include a plurality of optical transceivers and a slave optical transmitting/receiving control/supervising section. The master optical transmitting/receiving control/supervising section may produce a data input signal and a data read-control signal for controlling the plurality of optical transceivers of the sub board. The slave optical transmitting/receiving control/supervising section may receive the data input signal and the data read-control signal, and read the data input signal in accordance with the read-control signal. The optical transceivers may be controlled based on the data input signal.

Abstract: An interworking apparatus includes an IP sending/receiving unit coupled to an IP network, an AAL2 sending/receiving circuit coupled to a WCDMA network, and a data processing circuit between the IP sending/receiving unit and AAL2 sending/receiving unit. The data processing circuit processes data in a format suitable for interworking between the WCDMA network and IP network.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for maximizing throughout for HARQ transmissions is provided. Systematic and prodeduralized RV selection is facilitated by determining the parameter “s” by using two important factors affecting the system throughout, specifically the coding gain varying according to the code rate and the balance between energy per systematic bit and energy per parity bit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an IP based or network based audio packet switching system, and more specifically to an audio packet switching system for integrating each independent module into a single interface for consistent control and data flow. Independent modules, such as a RTP/RTCP, encoder/decoder and mixer, are interworked with reception and transmission buffers to make a system more flexible. Additionally, audio data paths inside the switch are controlled through an audio packet router. The multi protocol system employing the RTP provides a single RTP control interface for transmitting and receiving audio packets to completely manage the system totally and raises a degree of resource utilization of the system by making it easy to implement additional functions to the RTP and coder through the buffers.

Abstract: A wire communication terminal has a position adjusting member which allows an LCD module to slide to any angle within a predetermined rotational range. The terminal includes a first case having a through hole, a guide member fixed to a rear surface of the first case, a slide member having a circular arc shape provided at one side of the LCD module, and a cover member having a circular arc shape fixed to a rear surface of the first case. Arranged in this manner, the slide member can slide along a rear surface of the guide member to an optimal desired viewing angle.

Abstract: A power control method of a forward-acknowledgement channel and an acknowledgement control method are provided by which acknowledgement or non-acknowledgement information can be received for a boost mode operation used for a quality of service (Qos). The power control method may include receiving packet transmission information in a base station and determining a power of a transmission signal transmitted via the forward-acknowledgement channel (F-ACKCH) using an increment for a reference transmission power value of a boost mode in case that the packet transmission control information contains a boost operation.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of communicating a set of user data in an ATM network-based mobile communication system are disclosed. To transmit the set of user data, N internal AAL packets are generated by adding an internal AAL packet header to each of N data subsets of an original set of user data. The internal AAL packet header includes a sequence number of each data subset. Next, one or more internal AAL cells are generated by multiplexing the internal AAL packets. Then, the original set of user data is restored by demultiplexing the internal AAL packets, included in the internal AAL cells. Thereafter, M AAL2 packets are generated by adding an AAL2 packet header to each of M data subsets of the restored set of user data. And finally, one or more AAL2 cells are generated by multiplexing the AAL2 packets. As a result, the set of user data is transmitted in the system in a much more efficient manner. Therefore, the data traffic rate in each part of the system is greatly enhanced.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention may provide a Doherty amplifier that includes a first amplifying path and at least one second amplifying path. The first amplifying path may include a carrier amplifier to amplify an input signal in a Class 1 mode. The second amplifying path may include a supplementary input matching circuit to input-match the input signal, a phase shifter to phase-shift an output from the supplementary input matching circuit, and a peak amplifier to amplify an output from the phase shifter in a Class 2 mode. The second amplifying path may further include a supplementary output matching circuit to output-match an output from the peak amplifier. The second amplifying path may provide an equivalent amplified output equivalent to the first amplifying path by cooperation of the supplementary input matching circuit and the supplementary output matching circuit.

Abstract: An inter-network handoff system and method are disclosed, and include determining, by a setting BS, whether or not there exists a pilot stronger than a threshold value according to a PSMM received from a mobile station (MS), selecting a BS of which pilot is stronger than the threshold value as a target BS, determining whether or not the MS can accommodate a packet data service provided by the target BS, configuring the MS so as to accommodate the packet data service of the target BS, starting communication between the MS and the target BS, and terminating communication between the MS and the serving BS. Accordingly, a soft handoff can be performed between two systems having different data rates.

Abstract: A signal transmitting apparatus for an optical base station is disclosed. According to the invention, a base station outputs a digital IQ signal to an optical connecting unit. The optical connecting unit processes the digital IQ signal digitally, and transmits the digital signal over an optical network to a remotely located optical base station. The remote station digitally processes the signal before converting to an RF signal for transmission. The invention advantageously decreases signal loss and noise associated with analog processing in the optical connecting units and remote stations in the related art. System reliability is also improved.

Abstract: A cell switching method and system are disclosed that divide an input ATM cell into ATM adaptation layer (AAL) 2-type common part sublayer (CPS) packets. The divided CPS packets are stored in different first storage areas, in accordance with virtual paths/virtual channels (VPs/VCs) of the respective CPS packets, and identifiers of the first storage areas are also stored. The stored CPS packets are read in the order of the stored first identifiers. Thereafter, the read CPS packets are stored in second storage areas, in accordance with respective CIDs, and second identifiers of the second storage areas are stored. The CPS packets stored in the second storage areas are read in the order of the stored second identifiers and multiplexed to generate ATM cells.

Abstract: A processor duplexing method is applied to a 3G mobile communication system switching operation without involving application software. In this method, Real-Time operating system (RTOS) detects that a duplexing operation is being performed. While the duplexing switching operation is being performed, the RTOS and a PCI controlling unit dump a memory of an active board to a standby board, thereby synchronizing a memory between the active board and the standby board. Once the duplexing switching operation is complete, the standby board sequentially starts operation of the active board. In this method, duplexing of a processor level is performed without using application software in the RTOS. Instead, duplexing is a performed by a substructure (hardware and OS). As a result the burden of having the application software grow larger and more complicated is significantly reduced.