Abstract: A circuit arrangement for generating and stably amplifying broadband rf signals. The circuit arrangement includes a first rectangular waveguide designed for operation in a frequency range below its cutoff frequency and a second rectangular waveguide for operation at the operating frequency. An active semiconductor element is disposed in the first rectangular waveguide and a direct voltage is supplied to the semiconductor element. At least one waveguide section is provided for connecting the first and second rectangular waveguides and has the same width as the second rectangular waveguide and a height less than the second rectangular waveguide. The waveguide section matches the cross section of the first rectangular waveguide to the cross section of the second rectangular waveguide.

Abstract: A method of applying solder to gold by applying a gold-tin intermediate layer to the gold and applying the solder over at least a portion of the intermediate layer. The method can be employed to produce a printed circuit unit composed of a printed circuit board, at least one gold member mounted on the board, a gold-tin intermediate layer bonded to at least a portion of the gold member, and solder bonded onto the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A circuit for operating an electromechanical switching mechanism in response to steep-edged electrical stepping pulses, including a pulse shaping stage connected between the source of such stepping pulses and the switching mechanism to convert the stepping pulses into a stepping signal having edges of reduced steepness.

Abstract: A work bench includes a frame formed of interconnected longitudinal and transverse section beams defining a frame plane; and a vise formed of a stationary vise jaw and a movable vise jaw movable towards and away from the stationary vise jaw generally in a direction parallel to the transverse beams. The movable vise jaw is displaceably supported on the transverse beams by a spindle-and-guide arrangement. Each transverse beam has an open side oriented in a direction parallel to the frame plane and a leg part extending in the length dimension of the transverse beam and having wall faces arranged parallel to the frame plane. A guide member is affixed to the movable vise jaw adjacent each transverse beam. The guide member, which has a part traversed by the spindle, is provided with a groove-like recess extending in the length dimension of the respective transverse beam. The leg of the respective transverse beam extends into the groove-like recess in the respective transverse beam.

Abstract: A monolithically integrated semiconductor circuit, provided for coupling arrangements having symmetrical cross points, comprising two through switching NPN transistors, and a composite circuit for switching through the switching transistors. The composite circuit includes a double collector PNP transistor, with one collector connected to the base of a first NPN transistor and the other collector connected to the base of a second NPN transistor. The emitter of the double collector transistor is connected to the collector of both NPN transistors and also, via a first resistor to a voltage source. The base of the double collector transistor is connected, via a component causing a constant drop in voltage, to the voltage source, and also via a second resistor, to a trigger stage. The emitters of the NPN transistor are connected, respectively, to the bases of the two through switching transistors.

Abstract: A laminated pack comprises a plurality of uniform, closely adjacent superposed sheets and a mechanical interconnection for said sheets holding them together which comprises the pinching of a portion of the sheets themselves against one another. The interconnection is effected by slitting the sheets in areas to form teeth on each side of a hole formed through the sheet or along an edge of the sheet and by subsequently deflecting the teeth in a stacked set of sheets so that adjacent ones of the teeth move into recesses vacated by similarly deflected teeth of the next adjacent sheet and fit into the area with a pinching interengagement. The pack is formed by feeding prestamped sheets along a feed path and separating and stacking individual sheets therefrom in a direction perpendicular to the advance direction of the strip and also pinching the sheet so that teeth formations of superposed sheets bear into the next adjacent sheet to hold them together.

Abstract: A compensating arrangement for two aligned, angularly relatively offset, end-to-end positioned wave guides of identical cross section. The compensating arrangement has a plate member inserted between face-to-face arranged terminal flanges of the two wave guides. The plate member has an aperture corresponding to the cross-sectional area of the passage defined together by the two wave guides; and two oppositely located capacitive loads extending into the aperture and being symmetrically located with respect to the bisector of the angle defined by the minor transverse axes of the wave guides. The capacitive loads are reactance members for a broad-band compensation for the discontinuity between the angularly offset wave guides.

Abstract: A discriminator circuit is arranged to emit a defined output signal when a certain value of a variable direct supply voltage is reached. The discriminator circuit comprises a current mirror circuit in the form of a first transistor connected to the supply voltage source and arranged to divide an input current into two current branches by means of two collector electrodes. One current branch comprises a Zener diode and a first resistor and this branch is connected to a limiter circuit for limiting the rise in the supply voltage to a predetermined maximum value and the other current branch comprises a second resistor and a second transistor for emitting an output signal from the discriminator circuit.

Abstract: A semi-conductor arrangement comprises a current carrying channel associated with at least two drain electrodes, means being provided for exerting transverse control on the current in the channel to selectively trigger one of the drain electrodes.

Abstract: In a color decoder for a color television receiver, including a demodulator for demodulating a modulated chrominance subcarrier to obtain color signals, delay lines in the form of a charge storage and transfer circuit for delaying the color signals by one picture line scanning period, and adder stages forming a matrix connected to produce color difference signals from the delayed and the undelayed color signals, the demodulator and the adder stages are constituted by integrated charge storage and transfer circuits on a semiconductor chip.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recovering the timing frequency in a modulated data signal receiver containing a timing frequency generator, by demodulating a received signal with the aid of carriers which are shifted by 90.degree. in phase relative to one another to form two demodulation products, forming the sum of the squares of the two demodulation products, and determining changes in the value of that sum with respect to time to provide characteristic values which determine the adjustment criterion for the timing frequency generator.

Abstract: A control data input device for use with an electrical household appliance such as an electronic range to control the operation modes, times, temperatures and cooking duration of the appliance. A selector dial calibrated in a plurality of codes automatically addresses a data store through a switching means when one of the codes is selected by rotation at the dial. A second dial is provided to enter control information into the selected address at a variable transfer rate selected by turning this second dial. A digital display and display driver are provided to display the information as it is addressed and stored in the data store. The code selector dial is provided with function indicators and indicator lights to visually inform the operator as to which code has been selected.

Abstract: The negative temperature coefficient effect, which results in destructive current flow above a certain temperature in a semiconductor device is counteracted by a layer of conductive material that has low resistance at normal temperatures but has a positive temperature coefficient that causes its resistance to rise to a high value at temperatures below the certain temperature. The layer is applied to electrodes of semiconductor devices to control current flowing therethrough.

Abstract: Radiation-sensitive positively acting materials for ultraviolet, electron beam or X-ray lithography based on linear non-crosslinked copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or derivatives of these acids, which copolymers have side chains of different length. Copolymers are provided comprising three or more monomers and corresponding to the general form of copolymer ABC, in which monomer A represents a compound or several compounds of the formula: ##STR1## monomer B represents a compound of the formula: ##STR2## and monomer C represents a compound of the formula: ##STR3## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are hydrogen atoms, acrylic or alkyl groups and R.sub.3 are ester or ketone groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compander system. In such a compander system an adjusting member in the useful signal path is controlled by a control voltage which is generated in a branch path connected to the useful signal path and including at least one further adjusting member. The control voltage serves at the same time to control the adjusting members in the branch path in a counter-regulating sense. According to the present invention the branch path is connected to the input of the useful signal path during compression and to the output of the useful signal path during expansion.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing a pigment coating on a substrate. A hardenable polymer coating is initially provided on the substrate, followed by an excess of hardening agent. This produces a first hardened coating with sufficient hardening agent remaining to harden a second polymer coating, containing suspended pigment, which is deposited on top of the first coating. The polymer is then pyrolyzed, leaving a coating of pigment on the substrate.

Abstract: A high performance, wafer-shaped semiconductor device of the type including a wafer-shaped semiconductor element, a pair of electrodes located on the surfaces of the element, a pair of cylindrical metal bodies contacting the electrodes, an insulating ring enclosing and centering the metal bodies and the semiconductor element and a plastic jacket surrounding the insulating ring for tightly encasing the semiconductor device. In addition, there is provided a pair of annular sheet metal strips each of which has an inner edge region fastened to one of the cylindrical metal bodies and a corrugated chemically roughened outer edge region which is embedded in the plastic jacket. A powder coating is applied to the chemically roughened outer edge region for the purpose of providing a pressure and oil-tight housing for the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for stabilizing a direct current comprises a parallel controller for controlling a transistor connected in series with the load.

Abstract: A gas-blast circuit breaker has a plurality of serially arranged circuit breaking stations per pole and a tubular throughgoing stationary casing of electrically insulating material enclosing the circuit breaking stations. Each circuit breaking station has a stationary contact affixed to the casing, a movable contact cooperating with the stationary contact, a movable nozzle of insulating material and a gas pressurizing piston-and-cylinder arrangement. Each such arrangement has an outer cylindrical wall structure, a piston slidable therein and a stationary component affixed to the casing and forming a radial cylinder base. Each outer cylindrical wall structure is constituted by a length portion of the casing. Each piston-and-cylinder arrangement has an inner wall structure spaced from the casing. The inner wall structures each constitute a guide for slidably supporting the movable contact for axial displacement with respect to the inner wall structure.

Abstract: A data transmission system comprises a transmitter and a receiver in which, on the occurrence of a sequence of identical bits, only the first bit is transmitted, the remainder of the sequence being replaced by pauses of corresponding length.