Abstract: Manganese(IV) complex salts of formula [LMn(?-O)3MnL]n[XM12O40]m, (I), wherein L is 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, X is P or Si, M is Mo or W, n is 2 or 3, and m is 1 or 2, with the provisos that (i) if X is Si, then n=2 and m=1 and (ii) if X is P, then n=3 and m=2. These compounds are active catalysts in the partial oxidation of various organic compounds with peroxy compounds, e.g., the preparation of ketones from secondary alcohols or the epoxidation of olefins.

Abstract: Described are prepolymer compositions on the basis of novolak cyanates of the general formula wherein n is a number from 0 to 20 and the radicals R are identical or different and represent hydrogen or methyl. The compositions contain: 30 to 90 parts by weight of a prepolymer from novolak cyanates (I) wherein R=hydrogen (Ia) and 10 to 70 parts by weight of novolak cyanates (I) wherein R=methyl (Ib), and optionally highly disperse silicon dioxides and/or particulate or fibrous fillers. The inventive compositions are solid at normal temperature and can be ground to flowable powders. They have excellent stability when stored and are easy to process and especially suitable for use as the resin component in base materials for printed circuits on resin-bound abrasive products.

Abstract: A process for preparing solid formulations of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate of the formula in which, in a first process step, 4,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one is reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a solution of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate, and then, if appropriate after concentration, the solution is applied, in a further process step, to synthetic silica, and in which the resultant product is, if appropriate, dried.

Abstract: A process for the production of aliphatic or alicyclic monoketones or alicyclic diketones of the formula R1—C(?O)—R2 in which R1 is a linear or branched C1-10-alkyl group and R2 is a linear or branched C1-10-alkyl group or a phenyl group, or R1 or R2 together are —(CH2)m—[C(?O)]n—(CH2)p—, wherein m and p independently are integers from 1 to 4 and n is 0 or 1, thus forming an alicyclic ring together with the carbonyl group of R1—C(?O)—R2 by oxidizing a secondary alcohol of formula R1?—CHOH—R2? in which R1? and R2? either have the same meaning as R1 and R2 above or, if R1 and R2 together are —(CH2)m—[C(?O)]n—(CH2)p—, are together —(CH2)m—(CHOH)n—(CH2)p— wherein m, n and p are as defined above, with a peroxy compound in the presence of a carboxylic acid and a manganese(IV) complex of 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane.

Abstract: A method for preparing pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid esters of the general formula: wherein R is C1-6-alkyl, C3-6-cycloalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, and R1 to R3, independently of one another, represent hydrogen, C1-6-alkyl, fluorinated C1-6-alkyl, C1-6-alkoxy, (C1-6-alkoxy)-C1-6-alkyl or (C1-6-alkoxy)carbonyl. These esters are obtained from the corresponding 2,3-dichloropyridine, the corresponding alcohol ROH and carbon monoxide in the presence of a palladium-diphosphine complex and a weak base. Pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid esters are herbicides or intermediates for the preparation of herbicides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 4-(4-flourophenyl)-6-alkyl-2-N-alkansulfonyl-N-alkylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid ester of formula (Ib), in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 are identical or different and are each a C1-6-alkyl. A 2-[-1-amino-1-(4-flourophenyl)methylene]-4-alkyl-3-oxo-alkanoic acid ester of formula (IIIb), in which R3 and R4 have the above-mentioned meanings, is reacted with an N-cyano-N-alkylalkanesulfonamide, optionally isolated or prepares in situ, of formula (IVb), in which R1 and R2 have the above-mentioned meanings, to give the final product of formula (Ib).

Abstract: Compounds of the general Formula: in which R1 and R2 are at each occurrence independently hydroxyl, C1-6-alkyl, C1-6-alkoxy, halogen, phenyl or phenoxy; R2 is hydroxyl, C1-6-alkyl, C1-6-alkoxy, halogen, phenyl or phenoxy; R3 is C1-6-alkyl; m is an integer from 0 to 4; and n is an integer from 0 to 5.

Abstract: Disinfectant compositions, containing (a) at least one amine and/or quaternary ammonium salt of the general formula (Ia) or (Ib): wherein R1 represents C6-18 alkyl, R2 represents benzyl or C6-18 alkyl, R3 represents C1-18 alkyl or —[CH2)2—O]nR6, where n=1-20, R4 and R5 independently of one another represent C1-4 alkyl, R6 represents hydrogen or optionally substituted phenyl and A? is a monovalent anion or the equivalent of a multivalent anion of an inorganic or organic acid; and (b) at least one alkanolamine of the general formula (II): wherein m and, if present, o and p independently of one another have the values 2 or 3 and x and y independently of one another have the values 0 or 1, or a corresponding salt. The mass ratio of the components in the formulas (I):(II) is between 20:1 and 1:20. The compositions are characterized by an excellent bactericidal and in particular fungicidal action even in small application concentrations and are suitable for use as both disinfectants and preservative agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biotechnological method for producing trifluoro-3(R)-hydroxybutyric acid derivatives of the general formula (I), where R1 represents —OR2, where R2 is hydrogen, C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 alkenyl, C3-8 cy-cloalkyl, aryl, alkoxyalkyl or alkoxyalkoxyalkyl; —NR3R4, where R3 and R4 are the same or different and represent hydrogen, C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 alkenyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl or aryl; or —SR5, where R5 represents hydrogen, C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 alkenyl, aryl or C3-8 cycloalkyl, based on a trifluoroacetoacetic acid derivative of the general formula (II), where R1 has the meaning given above, by means of micro-organisms which are able to reduce a carbonyl function or by means of a cell-free enzyme extract of said micro-organisms.

Abstract: The method for producing N-alkoxy-N-alkylamides of general formula (I): wherein R1 represents C1-10-alkyl, cyclo-C5-7-alkyl, cyclo-C5-7-alkenyl, C2-10-alkenyl, aryl, aryl-C1-3-alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C1-3-alkyl or heterocyclyl; and R2 represents C1-6 alkyl. In the process, an ester of general formula (II): R1COOR3, wherein R1 has the above-mentioned meaning, and R3 represents C1-6-alkyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, succinimido or benzotriazole-1-yl, is reacted with hydroxylamine, a hydroxylamine derivative or with a hydroxylammonium salt, and the reaction product is alkylated in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: ?-alaninamides of the general formula Wherein R1 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with hyroxy, amino, carboxy, carbamoyl, methylmercapto, guanidino, unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl, and R2 is hydrogen, or R1 and R2 together form a group of the formula —(CH2)n— where n is 3 or 4, and R3 is hydrogen, a negative charge compensated by an equivalent of an inorganic or organic cation or is C1-6 alkyl, are prepared, without using an amino-protective group, by reacting the corresponding ?-amino acid or the corresponding ?-amino acid ester with a cyanoacetic ester to give a cyanoacetamide and by subsequent catalytic hydrogenation. The method is particularly suitable for preparing carnosine (?-alanyl-L-histidine, R1=imidazol-4-yl-methyl, R2=R3=H), a naturally occurring dipeptide which used as a dietary supplement with antioxidative action.

Abstract: A method for producing polymer-bound 2-chlorotrityl chloride of the formula (I): wherein is a polymer support, preferably cross-linked polystyrene, by reacting a corresponding carboxylic acid with hydrogen chloride. The method enables the support resin from the solid-phase peptide synthesis produced after the splitting off of the peptide to be reused.

Abstract: The unsaturated oligophenol cyanates of the general formula [A—]n[B—A—]xB[—A]m   (I) in which A is a group of formula: and B is a group of formula: where R1, R2 and R3 are each hydrogen or a bond with a group B, there being either one or two bonds with group B; and both R4 and R4′ as well as R5 and R5′ separately or jointly represent a direct bond or hydrogen and a bond with a group A, there being either one or two bonds with A. The indices m and n are 0 or 1 but not both 1 at the same time and x is a whole number between 0 and 10, where at least one of the numbers, m, n and x is not 0. The unsaturated oligophenol cyanates can be prepared by reacting the corresponding oligophenols with cyanogen chloride. The have a low viscosity and owing to their double bonds are able to undergo free-radical polymerization.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of (1R,4S)- or (1S,4R)-1-amino-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopentene of the formulae and/or of (1S,4R)- or (1R,4S)-amino alcohol derivatives of the general formulae and to novel microorganisms which are able to utilize a cyclopentene derivative of the general formula as sole nitrogen source, as sole carbon source or as sole carbon and nitrogen source.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 3-aminoalkanoic acid esters of the general formula: in which R is C1-6-alkyl and R1 is hydrogen, C1-6-alkyl or phenyl, or their salts, by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding 3-amino-2-alkenoic acid esters of the general formula: in which R and R1 have the above mentioned meanings. The hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a strong acid and the salt of the 3-aminoalkanoic acid ester (I) and the strong acid formed is optionally converted into the free 3-aminoalkanoic acid ester (I) or into another salt in a manner known per se.

Abstract: A biotechnological method is described for preparing compounds of the general formulas wherein R1 is acyl or acyloxy and R2 is a hydrogen atom or C1-10 alkyl, comprising the conversion of a lactam of the general formula by means of a hydrolase in the presence of a nucleophile and in the presence of a base in a constant pH range.

Abstract: A method for producing compounds of general formula (I): wherein R1 and R2, each time they occur and independently of each other, mean hydroxyl, C1-6-alkyl, C1-6-alkoxy, halogen, phenyl or phenoxy; R3 means hydrogen or C1-6-alkyl; m is a whole number from 0 to 4; and n is a whole number from 0 to 5. According to the method, diketene is reacted with an N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine of general formula (II): wherein R1, R2, R3, m and n have the meanings given above, in the presence of 3 to 40 percent acetic acid and at temperatures of 20 to 100° C. The compounds (I) with R3 is C1-6-alkyl and the enamines can be obtained from these by reaction with ammonia, and their hydration products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of an aminoalcohol of the formula racemically or optically active, starting from 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one, its further conversion to give the corresponding acyl derivative and its further conversion to (1S,4R)- or (1R,4S)-4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purine-9-yl)-2-cyclopentenyl-1-methanol of the formulae In the latter synthesis, the aminoalcohol is converted into the corresponding D- or L-tartrate, which is then reacted with N-(2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)formamide of the formula to give (1S,4R)- or (1R,4S)-4-[(2-amino-6-chloro-5-formamido-4-pyrimidinyl)amino]-2-cyclopentenyl-1-methanol of the formulae and then cyclized to give the end compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 2,5-diamino-4,6-dihalopyrimidine of the formula: in which X is a halogen atom, comprising reacting 2,5-diamino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine or its salt of the formula: with a phosphorus oxyhalide and a quaternary ammonium halide or an amine in a halogenated hydrocarbon as a solvent.

Abstract: A method for producing pyrone derivatives of the general formula (I), wherein X1 is halomethyl, whereby an acetoacetic acid derivative of the general formula (II), wherein X1 has the aforementioned meaning and X2 is chlorine or bromine, is treated with a Lewis acid and is subsequently converted into the desired product by means of water.