Abstract: In a communication method, data from a plurality of channels is combined into a composite channel by writing data from the plurality of channels as one-bit symbols to a memory, and reading out the data from memory to form the composite channel. The combining of radio frames from the channels forms a coded composite transport channel for transmitting the data in the downlink. To form the coded composite transport channel, an input process is initiated to write data for each radio frame of a transport channel as one bit symbols to a memory of an interleaver. On an output side of the interleaver, an output process to read out the data stored in the memory is performed to form the coded composite transport channel.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a formatter, a method of formatting encoded symbols and a wireless communication system employing the same. In one embodiment, the formatter includes a symbol generator that provides a plurality of encoded symbols from a bit stream. The formatter also includes a symbol mapping organizer that maps the plurality of encoded symbols into information cells, each having a unique space coordinate, time coordinate and degree of freedom within a frequency band. The information cells are arranged in a parallelopiped communication resource volume.

Abstract: A technique for random early drop (RED) with per-hop-behavior (PHB) biasing involves breaking RED parameters into queue-specific parameters and packet-specific parameters. Each queue has associated queue-specific parameters. Each packet has an associated traffic class. The packet-specific parameters are related to the traffic class of the packet. The queue-specific and packet-specific parameters are then both used in RED procedures, thereby providing a PHB bias from using packet-specific parameters. The technique provides for absolute queue size support that can be dynamically changed based upon available memory resource levels.

Abstract: A method for determining a master ring for an optical communications network having nodes arranged in a plurality of interconnected ring structures. (A master ring is a ring structure which contains every node in the network exactly once, and which also respects the node ordering of every individual ring.) An efficient solution to the master ring problem is provided by advantageously limiting the enumeration process based on the consistency of the enumeration of individual rings with each other. Illustratively, an intersection graph of the network is generated; one or more of the rings is chosen and possible openings of each of these rings are enumerated; and a limited number of possible openings of one or more other (i.e., non-chosen) rings are enumerated such that the enumeration of the possible openings of the other (i.e., non-chosen) rings are consistent therewith.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for routing messages in a network includes first filters to provide frequency-based message signals converted from an optically-based signal and mixers adapted to mix the frequency-based message signals with sub-carriers to generate frequency-based sub-carrier modulated message signals. A frequency generator connected to the mixers provides the sub-carriers to the mixers and a combiner connected to the mixers combines the frequency-based sub-carrier modulated message signals. Second filters connected to the combiner receive and group the frequency-based sub-carrier modulated message signals. Optical transmitters connected to second filters optically convert and transmit the frequency-based sub-carrier modulated message signals. The frequency generator generates and applies a particular sub-carrier frequency to one of the mixers according to information contained in the frequency-based message signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an access point for a wireless local area network. The access point is arranged to service its stations by using a Point Coordination Function protocol and to monitor overlap with neighbouring access points. To mitigate overlap, the access point and overlapping neigbouring access points synchronize in such a way that the access point can service its stations in an overlap areas during a certain servicing time, while the overlapping neighbouring access points are silent, and vice versa. A silence trade-off mechanism is used to assure that overlapping access points get their fair share of available bandwidth.

Abstract: A high-speed optical modulator constructed from a number of lower speed intensity modulators integrated onto a single optical chip.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in one embodiment, an apparatus. The apparatus, without limitation, may include a substrate with a surface, and a polymer layer attached to a region of the surface. The apparatus may further include a plurality of nanostructures, a first end of each nanostructure being in the polymer layer and a second end of each nanostructure protruding through the polymer layer, wherein the nanostructures are configured to move from a first position to a second position in response to a change in thickness of the polymer layer from a first thickness to a second thickness.

Abstract: A method and system provide for using an integrated broadband and narrowband SS7 signaling gateway with M3UA and point code mapping. In general terms one embodiment of the system has: a single physical media carrying at least one bearer path and at least one signaling link, the physical media being operatively connected to a signaling network; and an integrated media and signaling gateway operatively connected to the physical media, the integrated gateway being a termination for both the bearer path and the signaling link.

Abstract: A mobile station is located and paged for a circuit-switched connection in a GSM system which supports data packet switching (GPRS) services. A table held by the SGSN is provided for locating a mobile station where the mobile has moved from the Routing Area in which it was last located to a cell within the same Location Area which does not support GPRS services. The GSM system comprises a plurality of base station controllers (BSS) serving cells in a Location Area (LA), a circuit-switch control (MSC/VLR) for establishing circuit-switched connections to mobile stations within the Location Area, and a packet control (SGSN) for establishing data packet-switching with mobile stations within one or more Routing Areas (RA) within the Location Area.

Abstract: The present invention provides techniques for the retransmission of packets of data. One device comprises a transmission unit adapted to retransmit all previously transmitted packets transmitted during a predetermined time interval, instead of just a single packet, when a received signal indicates that at least one previously transmitted packet contains corrupted data.

Abstract: An array of high fill factor mirrors has each mirror be coupled across two deformable spring bars that are deformed using a drive. The two deformable springs are parallel to each other, and coupled together, e.g., by a cross bar. A support is coupled at one end to the cross bar and at its opposite end to the mirror. Coupled across the deformable spring bars on the opposite side thereof from the mirror support, is at least one moveable drive plate. Motion by the moveable drive plate causes the deformable spring bars to torque, e.g., in the local vicinity of the connection of the drive plate to the deformable spring bars. The torque causes the deformable spring bars to move downward, e.g., near their centers. As a result, cross bar, and hence the mirror, move downward.

Abstract: A reconfigurable radio access network architecture may connect a base station with different base station controllers. By enabling direct connections between the base station and a plurality of base station controllers, a serving base station controller may directly connected to base stations in soft handoff with a wireless unit, thereby reducing the differential delays between signals received by the base stations. The reconfigurable access system reduces the need for having additional base station controllers beyond the serving base station controller involved in communications with a wireless unit.

Abstract: When a bomb that might be triggered by a ringing mobile terminal is suspected of being located within a target zone, the base stations whose coverage areas include a critical area that surrounds and encompasses that target zone are switched into a one-way calling mode that prevents the mobile terminals within that critical area from receiving incoming calls, but still allows users of those mobile terminals to place to place outgoing calls. The one-way calling mode is effected in response to a signal received by a base station from its associated MSC that instructs it to disable its paging function, thereby preventing the mobile terminal from receiving and responding to a signal that indicates that an incoming call is present, and thus prevents the base station from sending a signal to the mobile terminal that activates its ringing circuitry.

Abstract: A joint “packet-optical” layer restoration mechanism protects against single, packet-layer router failures by managing network resources from both the packet layer and the optical transport layer in a synergistic manner. It reuses packet-layer router service-ports and/or transport-layer service wavelengths associated with optical switch-ports instead of reserving additional standby packet-layer router service-ports. It can reuse resources from primary paths that are unaffected by router failures and paths that exist for link-failure protection at the optical layer. Embodiments feature a modified node structure that includes both an IP router and a dynamically reconfigurable OXC, which dynamically establishes connectivity between IP-router ports and transport-layer optical fibers. The joint-layer router provides fine-granularity grooming at the IP layer and full-fledged wavelength networking via dynamic wavelength switching and/or wavelength translation at the optical layer.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for generating chirped return-to-zero (CRZ) differential quadrature phase-shift keyed (DQPSK) optical signals using a single modulator driven by synchronous return-to-zero (RZ) drive signals to achieve simultaneous RZ pulse formatting and chirped DQPSK data modulation.

Abstract: Connections between communication nodes are established along a ring, with nodes at successive positions along the ring and two-way point to point communication connections between pairs of the nodes at successive positions along the ring. Data addressed to a node is split into parts that are transmitted to the node along opposite directions along the ring. Intermediate nodes forward the data. The nodes monitor the connections and other nodes to detect whether there is a failure of transmission along any direction and, if there is a failure along one of the directions, suppressing transmitting all of the data in a failing one of the directions.

Abstract: A portable wireless network gateway aggregates bandwidth demand of different devices operating under different communications protocols. Network connectivity is provided by encapsulating data from the different devices to make the data appear to be data native to a single network. For example, the single network is a cellular wireless network. The different communications protocols include but are not limited to IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.3, USB, cellular wireless protocols, Bluetooth, RS-232, and IEEE 11.1R.

Abstract: A method and system for providing an anonymous call redirection service for wireless service subscribers by implementing service logic within the wireless network to intercept incoming calls for which no calling name or number is available and redirect the calls to an intelligent peripheral device for further processing. In one embodiment, anonymous calls are directed to an intelligent peripheral such as a network-based recording device, which records the caller's name and then repeats or plays this name to the called party, before the call is connected to allow the called party to accept or reject the call.

Abstract: A first network component of an apparatus in one example is coupled with one or more additional network components. The first network component and the one or more additional network components communicate with one another over a single, shared wireline path through employment of a plurality of code division multiple access (CDMA) codes. The plurality of CDMA codes comprise a first CDMA code and a second CDMA code. The first network component sends a first message over the single, shared wireline path to one of the one or more additional network components through employment of the first CDMA code and contemporaneously receives a second message over the single, shared wireline path from one of the one or more additional network components through employment of the second CDMA code.