Abstract: As discussed herein, there is presented an apparatus comprising micro-posts. The apparatus includes a substrate having a planar surface, a plurality of micro-posts located on the planar surface, wherein each micro-post has a base portion on the planar surface and a post portion located on a top surface of the corresponding base portion, and wherein side surfaces of the base portions intersect the planar surface at oblique angles.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the invention, a 16-QAM optical modulator has a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) coupled to a drive circuit that drives the MZM based on two electrical binary signals. The output of the MZM corresponds to an intermediary constellation consisting of four constellation points arranged on a straight line in the corresponding in-phase/quadrature-phase (I-Q) plane. Two of these constellation points correspond to a zero phase, and the remaining two constellation points correspond to a phase of ? radian. The 16-QAM optical modulator further has a phase shifter that modulates the output of the MZM based on two additional electrical binary signals. The resulting optical output signal corresponds to a star 16-QAM constellation, which is produced by incremental rotation of the intermediary constellation.

Abstract: Device including flexible main sheet, two fold regions, and two flexible flap sheets. Main sheet has first and second opposite sides and edge surrounding sides. Fold regions are located along two spaced-apart portions of edge. Each flap sheet has first and second opposite sides. Flap sheets are integrated with main sheet at fold regions. Flap sheets are configured for being bent toward first side of main sheet. Main sheet is configured for being bent to move fold regions toward each other, while retaining bias for moving fold regions away from each other. Apparatus including trough and device. Trough includes base member integrated with two spaced-apart wall members forming side walls in trough. One side of each flap sheet in contact with a side wall. Main sheet is bent with fold regions at least partially positioned toward each other, and configured for retaining bias for moving fold regions away from each other. Methods also provided.

Abstract: Apparatus including layer of polarizable material located between first and second electrodes. Polarizable material has block copolymeric composition including elastomeric domain blocks and conductive domain blocks. Method that includes providing layer of polarizable material having block copolymeric composition including elastomeric domain blocks and conductive domain blocks, first and second electrodes being on opposite surfaces of the layer. Method also includes applying voltage differential between electrodes, causing dimension of layer to change.

Abstract: Apparatus including photodetector device, signal output device, and housing configured to be held in human hand. Signal output device is configured for emitting perceived color signal corresponding to light color data detected by photodetector device. Method that includes: providing apparatus configured to be held in human hand and having photodetector device and signal output device; causing photodetector device to detect light color data from light source; and causing signal output device to emit perceived color signal corresponding to detected light color data.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an interconnect switch has an optical switch fabric (OSF) having N input ports and N output ports. The OSF has a bank of optically interconnected wavelength-selective switches and is adapted to route optical signals from the input ports to the output ports. In a fully deployed implementation, the interconnect switch has N input line cards and N output line cards. Each of the input line cards is adapted to generate N respective modulated optical signals using carrier wavelengths that are controllably selected from more than N carrier wavelengths to provide wavelength redundancy for optically connecting the input line card and any of the output line cards. In a partially deployed implementation, the interconnect switch has fewer than N input line cards and/or fewer than N output line cards. In either the fully deployed implementation or a partially deployed implementation, the interconnect switch is capable of load balancing.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an interconnect switch has an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) having N input ports and N output ports. The AWG is characterized by two or more diffraction orders and is adapted to route optical signals from the input ports to the output ports. In a fully deployed implementation, the interconnect switch has N input line cards and N output line cards. Each of the input line cards is adapted to generate N respective modulated optical signals using carrier wavelengths corresponding to at least two different diffraction orders of the AWG to provide wavelength redundancy for optically connecting the input line card and any of the output line cards. In a partially deployed implementation, the interconnect switch has fewer than N input line cards and/or fewer than N output line cards. In either the fully deployed implementation or a partially deployed implementation, the interconnect switch is capable of load balancing.

Abstract: An apparatus 100 comprising a first substrate 130 having a first surface 125, a second substrate 132 having a second surface 127 facing the first surface and an array 170 of metallic raised features 170 being located on the first surface, each raised feature being in contact with the first surface to the second surface, a portion of the raised features being deformed via a compressive force 305.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention is a technique for processing fragments received at a node (e.g., a router) in a datagram-based communication system in order to provide a wide range of protection against potential fragment-based attacks. Received fragments are examined as they are received to verify that they do not overlap one another and that the fragment sequence does not exploit common weaknesses in IP packet-reassembly algorithms. Valid fragment sequences that represent potential threats to the receiver can be reordered and/or fully or partially re-assembled and re-fragmented into a fragment sequence that eliminates or reduces the threat to the receiver. Fragmented sequences that represent a likely attack are blocked, as are subsequent fragments of the associated packet.

Abstract: An apparatus 100 comprising a radiofrequency filter body housing 102. The radiofrequency filter body housing includes a polymeric composition 110 that includes at least one polymer foam 115 and filler material 120. The filler material is uniformly distributed and randomly oriented throughout the polymeric composition. The radiofrequency filter body housing also includes an electrically conductive material 125 coating the polymeric composition.

Abstract: An apparatus for enhancing packet communication is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes an encoder configured to convert input data to a binary coded base system of an augmented code employing a base of an original code used for coding the input data, wherein the augmented code employs more symbols for coding than the original code, the encoder including: (1) an adder configured to add the input data to a multiplication product to generate a base sum that is binary-coded in the augmented code, (2) a multiplier configured to multiply an accumulated value by a base of the original code to provide the multiplication product that is binary-coded in the augmented code, and (3) an accumulator configured to employ the base sum to provide an accumulated value as an output for the encoder, wherein the accumulated value is binary-coded in the augmented code to represent the input data.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus, comprising a first mechanical structure having a first rigid surface, an area of the first rigid surface having a nanostructured surface. The apparatus also includes a second mechanical structure having a second rigid surface and opposing the first mechanical structure. The second rigid surface is cooperable with the nanostructured surface such that a microscopic particle is locatable between the nanostructured surface and the second rigid surface.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of monitoring a network. The method includes: receiving, from each host of a set of two or more hosts of the network, a corresponding vector of M components constructed based on data packets received at the host during a time period, M being an integer greater than 1; and, based on the constructed vectors, using an expectation-maximization algorithm to estimate a cardinality distribution for the hosts in the set, wherein constructing a vector includes updating a component of the vector of the corresponding host in response to the corresponding host receiving a data packet, the updating including selecting the component for updating by hashing one or more fields of the data packet received by the corresponding host.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of monitoring a network. The method includes, at each node of a fixed set, constructing a corresponding vector of M components based on data packets received at the node during a time period, M being an integer greater than 1, the fixed set being formed of some nodes of the network; and, based on the constructed vectors, estimating how many of the received data packets have been received by all of the nodes of the set or estimating how many flows of the received data packets have data packets that have passed through all of the nodes of the set. The constructing includes updating a component of the vector of one of the nodes in response to the one of the nodes receiving a data packet. The updating includes selecting the component for updating by hashing a property of the data packet received by the one of the nodes.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of monitoring a network. The method includes, at each node of a set, constructing a corresponding vector of M components based on a stream of data packets received at the node during a time period, the set including a plurality of nodes of the network, M being greater than 1; and estimating a value of a byte traffic produced by a part of the packets based on the constructed vectors, the part being the packets received by every node of the set. The constructing includes updating a component of the vector corresponding to one of the nodes in response to the one of the nodes receiving a data packet. The updating includes selecting a component of the vector to be updated by hashing a property of the received data packet.

Abstract: A method is provided in a telecommunications network for clandestinely providing a transmission relay service (TRS) to a called party (30). The method includes: receiving a first call from a calling party (10), the first call being received at a network node (40) serving a called party (30) for which the first call is intended; detecting the called party (30) answering the first call; and, determining whether or not to invoke a feature (44) supported by the network node (40).

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for processing, at an enhanced Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) proxy (e-proxy), (1) a SIP INVITE message to a first user at an IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack (DS) host, connected to an IPv6 network, from a second user at an IPv4 host, connected to an IPv4 network. The e-proxy receives the SIP INVITE message from the IPv4 network. When the e-proxy determines that Dual Stack Transition Mechanism (DSTM) service is required, the e-proxy obtains a temporary IPv4 address for the DS host, finds a suitable tunnel end-point (TEP), and sends a corresponding, but modified, INVITE message to the DS host. The modified INVITE message body includes invocation of DSTM service, the temporary IPv4 address, the TEP's IPv6 address, and the IPv4 host's IPv4 address. The e-proxy sends a BIND message to the TEP to bind the DS host's IPv6 address to the temporary IPv4 address for proper tunneling.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for use thereof. The apparatus, in one embodiment, includes first and second 1×N couplers integrated on a substrate and configured to receive an optical symbol having an intended time slot, N being at least three. The apparatus, in this embodiment, further includes N waveguide arms integrated on the substrate, having modulators and coupled between the first and second 1×N couplers. The apparatus, in this embodiment, additionally, includes a modulator controller configured to drive the modulators such that, following transmission over a distance, components of the optical symbol outside of the intended time slot are attenuated relative to components within the intended time slot.

Abstract: Electrical and visual test structures monitor the degree of removal of conductive sacrificial layers used in micromachining processes that fabricate micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS).

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a surface-plasmon (SP) beam generated by an SP source and directed via an SP waveguide is applied to a gate node of a field-effect transistor (FET). The FET also has a source node and a drain node. In a representative configuration, the gate, source, and drain nodes are electrically biased to pass an electrical current between the source and drain nodes in a manner that makes the electrical current responsive to the intensity of the SP beam.