Abstract: In a wireless packet switching telecommunications network, voice services are provided by having a compressor/decompressor in each mobile station to provide each voice packet with a compressed header. Voice data and signalling data are sent separately and in different data formats to the air interface. The compressed header may be an M bit and a cyclically reset timeclick_number, which is decompressed by use of a wallclock which counts reset cycles to reinstate the voice packet headers. Alternatively, RTP agents are provided at the compression and decompression points, and voice packets are sent without headers over a “high quality” network such as a frame relay or ATM network. Compression state of a voice packet header can be established by sending call set-up information over an out-of-band channel between compression points in a mobile station and in die network.

Abstract: A method to restore the original order of packets in an end-to-end data flow after the flow has been multiplexed over a set of communication or switching paths whose available bandwidth varies significantly over time. To convey the relative path ordering, the method considers all possible path pairs. For each such path pair it enumerates the packet block transmissions, i.e., the sequences of packets transmitted on a selected path of the given path pair which are not interleaved by the packets transmitted on the other path of the same pair. Packet block enumeration for each path pair is performed independently and does not take into account any packets transmitted on the other paths. A packet transmitted on a given path carries a set of packet block identifications for each path pair the given path belongs to. Increasing the range of the packet block enumeration, the robustness of the method can be adjusted to an arbitrary level of packet loss tolerance.

Abstract: When receiving a request from a telecommunications switch (106) for a telephone call to a party, a loop carrier (108) checks for errors and availability in the distribution resources that couple the called party to the digital loop carrier (108). For a distribution resource error or unavailability, the digital loop carrier (108) generates a distribution resource error message that is transmitted to the telecommunication switch (106). The telecommunication switch (106) applies terminating call features for the called party, such as voice mail or call forwarding, in response to the distribution resource error message.

Abstract: A variable output power supply for use in a highly efficient linear amplification system includes an envelope detector having at least one input for receiving an input signal to be amplified. The envelope detector generates, as an output, a control signal that is representative of an envelope of the input signal. The variable output power supply further includes a controllable source that is coupled to the envelope detector. The controllable source generates an output voltage and/or current that is responsive to the control signal, such that the output of the variable output power supply dynamically changes as a function of the envelope of the input signal. When employed in a linear amplification system, the variable output power supply provides a supply voltage to a linear amplifier which can be dynamically varied in response to the envelope of the input signal so as to provide a substantially constant voltage supply headroom for the amplifier.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, an interface between an incumbent local exchange carrier's central office terminal and a competitive local exchange carrier's remote terminal is provided by an Integrated Services Digital Network interconnection. Such a connection provides two basic data channels of 64 Kbps each and at least one utility channel. The ISDN signal can be carried over a single wire pair. The interface may be used to interconnect one or two digital channels. The channel units may be designed to remove the robbed bits from the data channels and place them in the utility channels. Further, the utility channel may be employed to transmit frame phasing information so that the networks can synchronize their robbed bit signaling so that both networks use the same bit positions for robbed bit signaling thus minimizing data bandwidth reduction due to robbed bit signaling.

Abstract: A distributed computing system includes a number of computers, workstations or other computing machines interconnected by a network. One or more service managers are introduced that provide a management interface to corresponding middleware services. The service manager monitors the corresponding middleware service, as well as the underlying distributed computer environment on which an application process that utilizes the middleware service is executing, and allows the middleware service to operate more efficiently, in response to run-time environmental conditions. A fault-tolerance service manager is provided as a management interface to a fault-tolerance service. The fault-tolerance service manager monitors the fault-tolerance service, as well as the underlying distributed computer environment, to make globally optimal decisions, based on run-time environmental data, and to provide the resulting information to the fault-tolerance service.

Abstract: A method and system for suppressing signal distortions in optical signals associated with nonlinearity in optical fibers includes propagating an optical signal through a transmission medium, the transmission medium comprising a sufficiently low dispersion such that a nonlinear distortion imparted on the propagating optical signal by the transmission medium is imprinted primarily on an optical field phase of the optical signal, and converting the propagated optical signal to an electrical signal such that the optical field phase information of the optical signal is not translated into the electrical domain.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for protection of electronic circuits with a decentralized power supply (PS1, PS2). One object of the invention is to avoid damage to other loads (PN1, PN2) which are still intact when a short circuit occurs in one load (PN1, PN2) in the circuit. The apparatus (1) comprises a number of loads (PN1, PN2) which are supplied in a decentralized manner. One monitoring device (PSUP1, PSUP2) in each case monitors a respective one of the load supply voltages (P1, P2) and ensures primary-side fault disconnection of all the power supplies (PS1, PS2) if a threshold value is undershot.

Abstract: A multi-stage wavelet transform of an image signal is implementing using a first processing element to perform computations for a first stage of the transform, and a second processing element operating in a time-multiplexed manner to perform computations for subsequent stages of the transform. The first processing element includes first and second adder trees for implementing horizontal and vertical filtering operations, respectively, and a set of row buffers configured such that the total number of row buffers is only one more than the number of pixels required to generate a given vertically-filtered output. In a four-stage illustrative embodiment in which the first processing element processes image pixel data at a sample rate of fs, the multi-stage processing element receives inputs from the first stage processing element at a sample rate of fs/4, and generates coefficients for the second, third and fourth stages using sample rates of fs/16, fs/64 and fs/256, respectively.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for dynamically controlling a high speed wireless communication system capable of transmitting a message via a communication channel, to minimize the transmission power necessary for a single job and thereby increase system capacity. The communication channel is characterized by performance characteristics curves and physical channel characteristics curves. Channel conditions are sampled to model the performance characteristic curvers. Upon determining a minimum throughput to meet a Quality of Service requirement for user application, a first set of data pairs that correspond to the minimum throughput are determined from the performance characteristics curves. That first set of data pairs is in mapped to the physical channel characteristic curver and the data pair corresponding to minimum transmission power is then selected.

Abstract: In many packetized communication networks, it is not feasible to obtain exact counts of traffic (OD counts) between specific origin-destination node pairs, because the link counts that are readily obtainable at router interfaces are aggregated indiscriminately over OD pairs. The best that can be done is to make a probabilistic inference concerning the OD counts from the observed link counts. Such an inference relies upon a known linear relationship between observed link counts and unknown OD counts, and a statistical model describing how the values of the OD and link counts are probabilistically distributed. Disclosed is an improved method for making such inferences. The disclosed method takes explicit account of past data when forming a current estimate of the OD counts. As a consequence, behavior that evolves in time is described with improved accuracy and smoothness.

Abstract: An amplifier distortion reduction system obtains a distortion signal from the amplifier output and feeds the distortion signal back to the input side of the amplifier to cancel with the distortion produced at the amplifier output. For example, a signal to be amplified by an amplifier is received on a main signal path. The amplifier produces an amplified output with a non-distortion spectrum and a distortion spectrum. A sample of the amplified output is produced from the main signal path and placed on a feedback path. On the feedback path, the distortion spectrum is obtained from the sample amplified output. The distortion spectrum is phase and/or amplitude adjusted to produce the distortion signal. The distortion signal is placed onto the main signal path at the input side of the amplifier with the signal to be amplified to destructively combine with the distortion produced from the amplifier in amplifying the signal to be amplified.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for estimating mobile station location in a wireless communication system. At initiation of a call or a page response, a mobile station of the system sends an access request signal to a primary base station. The primary base station responds with an access acknowledgment which may be intentionally delayed such that the mo bile station increases its transmit power level. The primary base station then transmits a channel assignment message to the mobile station. The mobile station responds by transmitting a location signal in the form of a known user-specific traffic preamble at the higher transmit power level. The primary base station intentionally delays sending an acknowledgment of the preamble, such that the mobile station transmits the preamble for a longer period of time than it would otherwise.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for establishing internet communication from a user to a server through a plurality of proxy servers are disclosed. The proxy servers are “chained” by establishing sessions among themselves and the user so that the benefits of more than one plural proxy server can be obtained by the user.

Abstract: A method for determining the shape and size of particles and their constituent elements is disclosed. Particle ions are accelerated through a mass spectrometer useful in identifying the source particle of the resulting ions. By measuring the time-varying intensity of the identified ions as they strike a detector, a plot of the intensity of the ions over time is obtained for each ionized particle. The size of each ionized particle is determined by measuring a time span corresponding to the width of the peak of this plot. If the detector is a phosphor detector, the shape of the particle may be determined by using a high-speed camera to capture cross-section images of the ion-induced light pattern at closely-spaced successive moments in time. Alternatively, the intensity of ions striking the detector along at least one lateral dimension may be detected.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the Doppler frequency shift that occurs in the reception of a communication signal when the relative velocity between the transmitted and receiver is unknown. By estimating the channel characteristics and measuring the channel response to known transmitted data bits, a measure of the Doppler frequency is determined according to the method of the invention. In particular, a good estimate of the Doppler frequency shift is obtained based on a second order statistic of the fading process for the channel response to the known transmitted data bits. The approach is simple and general. It applies for any system such as WCDMA and CDMA 2000 when Doppler frequency is needed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling application processor occupancy based traffic overload. More particularly, the invention is directed to a system to maintain call processing related traffic below a predefined threshold in application processors that are typically incorporated into communication networks.

Abstract: Streams of information are transmitted over corresponding channels of an information network, by associating a number of queues with the channels, enqueuing incoming descriptors representing information to be transmitted over a given channel in a queue associated with the channel, and dequeuing the descriptors from the queues by operation of a scheduler. A small and fixed-size buffer is associated with each channel, and a watermark threshold value corresponding to a minimum occupancy level is defined for each of the transmit buffers. When the occupancy of a given buffer falls below the buffer's threshold value, a corresponding watermark event signal identifying the channel associated with the buffer is produced. The watermark event signals are provided to the scheduler, and information represented by descriptors dequeued by the scheduler are delivered to corresponding buffers according to the order of the watermark event signals provided to the scheduler.

Abstract: A fiber-optic WDM ring carries communication traffic among a plurality of nodes, each node associated with respective subscriber premises. Remote gain is provided in at least one link of the ring. In specific embodiments of the invention, the remote gain is applied preferentially to those wavelength channels most in need of amplification. In specific embodiments of the invention, the remote gain is Raman gain.

Abstract: Paraboloidal antennas are common for very high frequencies (VHF) and into the cellular telephone systems and personal communication systems (PCS). Paraboloidal antennas are often used at the base station of either cellular telephone antennas, PCS antennas or both. To avoid possible channel drop out because a sharp focal point of the antenna is misaligned by improper installation or harsh weather conditions. For base stations for cellular telephone systems and/or systems, PCS, a generally paraboloidal antenna that has a less sharp focal point so there is a antenna lower gain, but less relative signal degradation because of weather or other misalignment of the antenna. In such cases, the lower gain, but higher immunity to drop-out more than justifies such arrangements.