Abstract: A password-only mutual network authentication protocol and key exchange protocol using a public key encryption scheme in which a server generates a public key/secret key pair and transmits the public key to a client. The client determines whether the public key was chosen in an acceptable manner, and if so, continues with the protocol. Otherwise, the client rejects authentication. If the protocol is continued, in one embodiment the client generates a parameterp as a function of the public key and a password (or, in an alternate embodiment, as a function of the public key and a function of a password). If the public key space mapping function FPK applied to p, FPK(p), is an element of the public key message space, then the protocol continues. If FPK(p) is not an element of the public key message space, then the client determines to reject authentication, but continues with the protocol so that the server does not gain any information about the password.

Abstract: A method and system for watermarking and recovering a watermarked digitized image for subsequent authentication. The digitized image comprises spatial domain data signals reproduced from an original image. A transformer transforms the spatial domain data signals into frequency domain data signals, including respective magnitude and phase data signal components. Information is embedded into the magnitude data signals to develop modified data signals and the modified data signals are converted from the frequency domain to the spatial domain to generate the watermarked digitized image. For recovery, a second transformer transforms the spatial domain data signals comprising the respective original digitized image and watermarked digitized image into respective frequency domain dataset signals. A comparator responsive to the two transformer outputs compares the respective frequency domain dataset signals to identify the watermark and verify the authenticity of the image reproduction.

Abstract: A back haul architecture effectively reduces the reactivation times for both forward-link and reverse-link data transmissions over CDMA wireless communications systems, by relying on packet-mode transmissions over the back haul between a frame selection/distribution (FSD) function and the appropriate base stations. In particular, for the forward direction, the FSD function transmits forward-link data only to one base station, which is solely responsible for controlling the forward-link air interface with the corresponding mobile unit. For the reverse direction, each base station that receives frames of reverse-link data from the mobile unit, assigns a time tag to the frame, divides the frame into one or more data packets, assigns a different sequence number to each data packet, and transmits the data packets to the FSD function over the back haul, all without first synchronizing time with any other base station that is also operating in reverse-link soft hand-off with that mobile unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved RACH access burst arrangement and frame structure. That is, the invention provides methods and apparatus for supporting more than one access burst length in the UMTS access channel structure. Preferably, two access burst lengths are supported, e.g., 5 ms and 10 ms. Such an arrangement is advantageous in applications where it is beneficial to have fast access latency such as, for example, voice or other forms of real-time traffic. Also, the invention provides methods and apparatus for supporting multiple frame sizes. It is to be appreciated that further enhancement to access latency can be obtained by having the UMTS physical layer support multiple frame sizes. The access burst signal transmitted by a remote terminal over the RACH may be an access request or data packets in the case where the RACH is being utilized for UMTS short message services.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, an optical waveguide device having a polished polymer end facet for low loss optical coupling is made by the steps of providing a polymer optical waveguide workpiece comprising a substrate and an overlying waveguiding structure formed of one or more layers of polymer softer than the material of the substrate. A cover layer of a material harder than the polymer is then secured overlying the polymer layers, and one or more polymer end facets are polished. The cover layer and the substrate guide the polishing so that the resulting facets have a flat, smooth surface.

Abstract: The flexible access authorization feature for wireless telecommunication systems enables network operators and/or service providers to dynamically authorize a user to receive services for which the subscriber has not previously subscribed or which are not supported in the user's home network. This is accomplished by enabling a user to expand and contract their portfolio of available communication services on an as needed basis to enable wireless users to use their user mobile terminals and obtain the services which they need, regardless of the user's location in the wireless communication network and regardless of the present set of services for which the user is authorized. The flexible access authorization feature is accomplished by real time interaction among the relevant functional entities of the wireless telecommunications system to obtain new or additional user information to execute the flexible access authorization logic to decide on access authorization to a selected service.

Abstract: A channel grouping system and method for a wireless communication system in which channels are allocated to channel groups according to received signal strength (RSS) data of mobile station accessing occurrences. A group allocator allocates the channels to the channel groups according to RSS data obtained from signals transmitted by a plurality of mobile stations. The channel groups correspond to a series of RSS power level intervals, and the RSS values are associated with the power level intervals into which the RSS values fall. The group allocator generates a probability density function describing the expected number of mobile station accessing occurrences having an RSS value falling within each power level interval. The group allocator then allocates a number of channels to each channel group according to the PDF.

Abstract: A vertically expandable keyboard includes keys arranged in a plurality of rows. The keyboard has a retracted configuration wherein the rows are generally coplanar with each other and an extended configuration wherein at least some of the rows of keys in the home position are extended from the retracted configuration such that the rows are not coplanar with other rows. In the extended configuration, the rows can be sequentially tiered such that each row is higher than the preceding row moving from the front row to the back row. The keyboard includes lifters for lifting the rows of keys to the extended configuration. The keyboard can be part of an electronic device such as a portable computer.

Abstract: A method to dynamically assign data rates, for digital data transmission in wireless communication systems, which are just sufficient to meet the needs of the use is presented. The method monitors the data traffic and anticipates when the assigned data rate is inadequate to support the data traffic resulting in a loss of data or when the assigned data rate is more than necessary to support the data traffic and results in inefficient usage of system resources.

Abstract: An inexpensive RF test probe provides consistent monitoring of an RF signal while having minimal effect on the circuit under test. In one embodiment, an RF test probe comprises a return conductor and a probing conductor. The probing conductor is positioned within an insulator and a termination such as a 50 ohm resistor is electrically positioned between the ground conductor and probing conductor. The probe is used by placing a portion of the insulating material surrounding the probe conductor in contact with a circuit such as an RF microstrip carrying an RF signal to be monitored.

Abstract: Apparatus for wavelength conversion includes a first optical be splitter, a first leg and a second leg each splitting from the first optical beam splitter, a first optically passive nonlinear device disposed in the first leg, a second optically passive nonlinear device disposed in the second leg and a second optical beam splitter joining the two legs beyond the optically passive nonlinear devices. An unmodulated optical signal splits between the two legs. When no other beam is in the second leg, all optical signals exit the second beam splitter at a first port. When another (modulated) beam is imparted to the optically passive nonlinear device in the second leg, an imbalance is created at the second beam splitter such that some portion of the unmodulated optical signal exits at a second port of the second beam splitter in a modulated manner.

Abstract: A method and associated apparatus for embedding control information in a data signal to be transmitted over a data link by a network node. The method comprises generation of control information to be transmitted over a data link by a network node. A signal is generated by combining the control information with the data. In a first embodiment, the data includes individual temporal packets of information such that an interpacket gap is temporally defined between said temporal packets of information. Control information is transmitted within the interpacket gap. In a second embodiment, the data is transmitted within a prescribed frequency bandwidth such that a frequency gap is defined within the frequency bandwidth. Control information is transmitted within the frequency gap. The data handling capacity of the control information is maintained in both the first and the second embodiments.

Abstract: A FIFO for buffering a cell between an incoming stream (Din) and an outgoing stream (Dout), comprising a memory, a write pointer indicating a first memory location for storing the cell, and a read pointer indicating a second memory location for releasing a stored cell, a controller, and additional memory for storing an additional cell; the controller arranged for: monitoring the additional cell's arrival in the additional memory; storing a pointer value (LOG_PTR) upon the additional cell's arrival, using a momentary write pointer value; monitoring a momentary read pointer value; upon equivalence of the read pointer and LOC_PTR; inserting the stored additional cell into the outgoing stream (Dout); inserting content from the second memory location into the outgoing stream (Dout).

Abstract: Enhanced subscriber line monitoring is provided for telephone calls in a telecommunications network. A telecommunications switch (102) is coupled to adjunct processor (104). Subscriber lines (110) terminated by the telecommunications switch are selectively monitored. Call identifying information and call content received by the telecommunications switch is forwarded to the adjunct processor for storage and analysis. The analysis includes determining the class of call content, e.g., voice or data. Call content is used to determine quality associated with a call. The call analysis is used for network management, new service development, long term usage forecasting, service differentiation for billing and targeted marketing opportunities.

Abstract: An integrated 1×K wavelength-selective cross connect (WSC) comprises a demultiplexer arranged to couple each of the N individual wavelength in an input optical WDM signal to a different one of N demultiplexer outputs. Each of N planar beam steerers, arranged along the left edge of a free space region, receives and directs a different one of the N light beams from the demultiplexer to a location on the right edge of the free space region. Each of K gratings arranged along a different location on the right edge of the free space region multiplexes together any light beam received at that location. The 1×K WSC can be implemented with or without the use of crossovers.

Abstract: In encoding high-definition video signals, the method includes overlapping panels with a single row in the overlap, selecting the better-encoded one of the rows in the overlap, removing the unselected row, and merging bit streams from the panels. In deciding which one of the rows in the overlap is better encoded, a heuristic approach may be used, for example, a panel with the fewer bits, or with fewer errors or the panel as suggested by the motion vectors. Optionally, panels may be synchronized by copying the selected row in the overlap in place of the unselected row in the overlap.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, an optical data transmission system of enhanced flexibility is provided by sub-band multiplexing of a WDM channel. Specifically, an exemplary optical data transmission system comprises an optical source for generating a plurality of frequency spaced optical tones within at least one WDM channel, a plurality of modulators for modulating the tones, and an optical transmission fiber for receiving and transmitting the modulated tones. An advantage of this system is that the tones are coherent. As a consequence, the need for guard bands is substantially reduced, and more flexible coding systems can be used to achieve a higher level of integration. For example, both amplitude and phase coding can be applied to the sub-band signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling each of at least one optical signal sources within a WDM system by using beat frequencies derived by combining portions of the optical signals provided by the optical signal sources and a reference optical signal.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a round trip delay (RTD) indicator for mobile telephone signals originating from a mobile unit and received at a plurality of base stations in a wireless telecommunications system comprising at least some base stations using rake receivers, each rake receiver comprising a plurality of fingers. The method includes the steps of: collecting one or more finger characteristics from one or more rake receiver fingers assigned to one or more multi-path components of a signal; determining a finger lock category for at least one of the assigned one or more rake receiver fingers using the collected one or more finger characteristics; selecting a rake receiver finger from the one ore more rake receiver fingers using the determined finger lock categories, wherein the selected rake receiver finger has an associated RTD; and recording the RTD indicator corresponding to the selected finger. The system includes a processor configured to perform the foregoing steps.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical apparatus, a method of manufacture therefore, and an optical integrated circuit that includes the optical apparatus. The optical apparatus comprises a substrate, a first waveguide core formed in the substrate and a second waveguide core comprising an organic polymer formed in the substrate second waveguide core having a different composition than said first waveguide core and optically coupled to the first waveguide core.