Abstract: A technique is described for determining the performance of substrate-side emitting VCSELs formed on a wafer. The technique involves forming top-emitting VCSELs on the same wafer as bottom-emitting VCSELs and then testing the top-emitting VCSELs and using the results to determine the performance of the bottom-emitting VCSELs of the wafer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a strictly non-blocking WDM cross-connect that utilizes a relatively small number of wavelength interchangers. In accordance with one embodiment, the WDM cross-connect utilizes n1k1 wavelength interchangers, where n1 is an integer equal to the number of wavelengths carried on an input optical fiber associated with the WDM cross-connect and k1 is the total number of input optical fibers to the WDM cross-connect. Each of the wavelength interchangers is connected to exactly one input port of the fabric and each input port of the fabric is connected to exactly one wavelength interchanger. The input optical fibers of the WDM cross-connect are connected to k1 optical switches of the cross-connect that separate out the n1 wavelengths onto n1 optical fibers, which are input to respective wavelength interchangers. Therefore, each wavelength interchanger receives exactly n1 optical fibers.

Abstract: A method that initiates call blocking responsive to a call-quality measurement of the forward link. The call-quality measurement is a measurement of how well a mobile terminal is able to receive the forward link. One call-quality measurement is a pilot fraction of the forward link, which is a ratio of the pilot's power level to the power level of a set of forward-link signals of a base station. Call blocking is initiated when an average pilot fraction is below a pilot-fraction blocking threshold. The pilot's power level is obtained for a time period, and the signal set's power level is obtained for the same time period. The pilot fraction is determined for the time period, and then used to determine the average pilot fraction for the time period. The average pilot fraction for the current time period is based on a pilot fraction for the current time period, and an average pilot fraction for a previous time period.

Abstract: A fiber strain relief apparatus is disclosed with bend radius limiter and slack storage. The strain relief mechanism is a bend limiter drum with three lugs, a strain relief pivoting top with latch, a latch stopper handle, a compressible gasket, and a base with latch. Fiber slack is wound around the bend limiter drum. Fibers are prevented from sliding off by the lugs. A gasket compresses on to the fibers producing a strain relief action, while the slack is being stored on the drum. Unlatching the strain relief top is performed by compressing the top latch against the latch stopper. The strain relief top pivots around a living hinge producing access to the drum. Cable is coiled around the drum and the strain relief top is latched, holding the fiber against the drum. A base latch is provided allowing the device to be mounted and removed from a panel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for modulating a communication signal in a CDMA environment using orthogonal N by N Hadamard spread spectrum codes. Orthogonal spreading codes are used that have lengths that are not a power-of 2 to provide additional channel variability for various multimedia applications and increase the flexibility of the number of channels/bandwidth relationship. The Hadamard codes are multiples of 4 (4n) and demonstrate a good cross-correlation property, making them very useful in the flexible design of CDMA systems. A transmitter encodes each of N data streams (N not being a power of 2), to be transmitted using a 4n codeword, Ni. The received signal is passed through a filter matched to the characteristics of the appropriate codeword, Ni, and PN spreading sequence.

Abstract: A view multiplexer, a viewing infrastructure and a method of multiplexing a view for use with a service application. In one embodiment, the viewing infrastructure includes a service application, a communications network coupled to the service application, a plurality of viewers coupled to the network and a view multiplexer coupled to both the service application and the communications network. A service coordinator of the view multiplexer simulates a single representative viewer from the plurality of viewers to the service application. A state collaborator, which is coupled to the service coordinator of the view multiplexer, provides a network state to the plurality of viewers.

Abstract: A portable telephone which includes a directional antenna is provided. The directional antenna is designed such that it can be positioned for use so that its beam is substantially parallel to the direction of received electromagnetic energy, thereby increasing the efficiency at which electromagnetic energy is transmitted to and received from the base station(s) as well as reducing the levels of electromagnetic energy transmitted into the body of the portable telephone user. In another embodiment, two directional antennas are provided for use with a diversity receiver and can be positioned for use to provide directional diversity, space diversity or both, thereby providing added immunity against fading.

Abstract: An optical-interference microphone having a high sensitivity and bandwidth, and that is suitable to be manufactured by micromachining techniques. The microphone includes a back member, a diaphragm and an air gap formed between the back member and diaphragm. Further, the diaphragm includes a plurality of holes. The microphone utilizes optical interference to sense the sound-induced motion of the diaphragm. A light source and detector can be included as components of the microphone or can be at a remote location and connected to the microphone with an optical fiber.

Abstract: A communications system for transporting connectionless datagrams over a connection-oriented network is arranged to remove the address resolution function and the connection setup function from a sending host and combine them in a third-party connection server in conjunction with channel management at connection-oriented routing points. The third party request protocol can be used for Classical connectionless over a connection oriented network, legacy LAN emulation and Routing Over Large Clouds.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a fault injection tool having greater flexibility, ease and portability in realizing the basic functionality of the fault injection. The basic functionality of the fault injection process is abstracted into three base classes, namely, a fault injector (FI), a workload generator (WG) and a data collector (DC). A control class performs configuration and management of the objects that are instantiated from the base classes. The control class also implements a graphical user interface. For each base class there is a corresponding core class that performs control and management of a so-called associated “plugin”. Each of the core classes can be implemented as a single class or as a pair of distributed classes. If a core class is implemented as a pair, the FI, WG, or DC object controls operation of the FIRemote, WGRemote or DCRemote object, respectively. For each core class, the associated plugin performs the actual functionality.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for maintaining the pressure in an overclad tube at a reduced level despite axial movement of the tube during performance of an RIT overcladding operation. The overcladding tube is held by means of the lathe chuck, and a tubular extension of a rotary union member extends into the tube. The distal end of the extension has a sealing member replaceably mounted thereon which forms a seal with the interior wall of the tube. A vacuum source thus is enabled to connect to the interior of the overcladding tube through the rotary union, the extension tube, and the seal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, apparatus, and communication system (100) for determining the status of a transmission link (108) between a first port (105) of a first device (104) and a second port (107) of a second device (106). The communication system (100) includes a management device (102). The management device (102) includes an input port (103) and a processor (116). The management device (102) receives a first status of the first port (105) and a second status of the second port (107) on the input port (103). The management device (102) calculates at the processor (116) the status of the transmission link (108) based on the first status and the second status.

Abstract: A wireless communications system includes at least one base station for communicating with a mobile unit. A mobile switching center is responsive to the base station and operative for switching calls with a calling party and a mobile unit via the base station. One of at least a mobile switching center or base station includes a processor that is operative for determining the speed of the mobile unit. In response to a call from a calling party to the mobile unit, when the calculated speed is above a threshold, the call is switched to a voice message indicating that a mobile unit operator is traveling and not receiving any calls.

Abstract: A cellular communications system includes a base station and at least one mobile station communicating therewith. The base station may include a plurality of antennas and a modulator for providing a transmit signal for each antenna. The modulator may estimate a weighting factor for each transmit signal based upon considering each transmit signal as having an unknown and arbitrary fading factor associated therewith and based upon considering the unknown and arbitrary fading factors to have a predetermined cross-correlation function.

Abstract: A packaged polarization maintaining fiber includes a cylindrical polarization maintaining fiber packaged with an elliptical packaging. The elliptical packaging includes solder securing the polarization maintaining fiber within a sleeve. The optical fast and slow axes of the polarization maintaining fiber may be aligned within the packaging to reduce the effects of eccentricity on the extinction ratio of the polarization maintaining fiber. A packaged polarization maintaining fiber is also provided having a circular cross-section. The packaging materials and dimensions may be chosen such that the stress at the interface between the polarization maintaining fiber cladding and the solder is zero, thereby reducing the chance of stress induced breakages in the fiber and reducing stress induced degradation of the extinction ratio of the polarization maintaining fiber.

Abstract: An ATM network element receives a stream of data associated with a particular user. This data stream is further partitioned into frames and ATM cells. A predefined traffic set is associated with the user. The ATM network element evaluates the received data stream for conformance to the user's traffic set at every frame boundary. If a particular frame is conforming, the ATM network element provides a predefined quality of service (QoS) to the user. If a particular frame is non-conforming (and hence there is no commitment to the user of the corresponding QoS), the next (future) frame is evaluated only on the basis of the traffic characteristics of past conforming frames and the future frame. That is, past non-conforming user generated traffic is not used to determine any QoS commitments to future user generated traffic.

Abstract: The management of a telephone network is enhanced by arranging an associated operations system so that it correlates related messages, e.g., alarm messages, that may be received from different elements forming the network. Advantageously, then, related messages may be displayed together on the display of a terminal, rather than intermingling those messages on the display with other unrelated messages in some predetermined order, such as the order in which the messages are received. In this way a user may view and readily determine the underlying cause which prompted the generation of displayed correlated messages.

Abstract: A method for calculating soft outputs of a detector used in a receiver that is part of a communication system having either memory introducing modulators or memoryless modulators. The output of a soft output detector, also known as reliability information, provides a probability that a certain symbol was transmitted by a transmitter of the communication system or the probability that a bit within a transmitted symbol was transmitted by a transmitter.

Abstract: A logic circuit with improved performance when operating at the limits of the transistor's bandwidth. In particular, a latch includes a clocked trans-admittance stage circuit for receiving a voltage and producing a current output, and an active load, such as a trans-impedance stage circuit, connected to receive as input the current output of the trans-admittance stage circuit and produce a voltage output. Two independent trans-admittance and trans-impedance stages may be combined as a single latch pair. One or more latch pairs may be arranged in series as a cascaded chain and connected to the output current of a clocked trans-admittance stage latch.

Abstract: A method and system for watermarking and recovering a watermarked digitized image for subsequent authentication. The digitized image comprises spatial domain data signals reproduced from an original image. A transformer transforms the spatial domain data signals into frequency domain data signals, including respective magnitude and phase data signal components. Information is embedded into the magnitude data signals to develop modified data signals and the modified data signals are converted from the frequency domain to the spatial domain to generate the watermarked digitized image. For recovery, a second transformer transforms the spatial domain data signals comprising the respective original digitized image and watermarked digitized image into respective frequency domain dataset signals. A comparator responsive to the two transformer outputs compares the respective frequency domain dataset signals to identify the watermark and verify the authenticity of the image reproduction.