Abstract: A non-iterative technique for calculating the remainder of modulo division, which requires significantly fewer operations than the traditional iterative technique for the same calculation. The number of calculations required in the present invention is independent of the number of bits of the divisor in the modulo operation. Two requirements of the non-iterative technique are that the value of the divisor D should be equal to 2n?1 (where n is the number of bits of the divisor D) and the value of the dividend N should be less than or equal to (D?1)2, but greater than or equal to zero. If these two conditions are met, the remainder R of N mod D is determined by summing the upper n 2 and lower n 2 bits of the dividend N.

Abstract: A method of symmetric key encryption involves using a composition of transformations leading to an enhanced homophonic substitution, wherein the mapping of characters varies depending on the sequence of characters in the message text. In carrying out the method, encryption keys are first generated. Then, a polyalphabetic substitution is performed, which involves XOR'ing (e.g., a Boolean logical exclusive OR operation/calculation) the plaintext data elements with the generated keys. Next, the storage format is changed, from big-endian to little-endian or vice versa, and the data is stored in one or more square matrices. Finally, enhanced homophonic substitution is performed, meaning that for each element, the subset to which the element can be mapped to in the co-domain is the entire co-domain itself, thus providing the largest possible subset for the given co-domain. In other words, any given element in the domain can be mapped to any of the elements of the co-domain.

Abstract: Rounded solutions of a linear program are used to partition or group cells, such as cells in a wireless network, in order to provide efficient approximations of network updating and paging costs.

Abstract: A cell phone system that controls the functionality of cell phones based upon their geographical locations. Functionality information stored in data bases located at and unique to each location. A local or low power transmitter at each location transmits functionality information from the data bases to cell phones currently at the locations. Alternatively, a single data base common to the entire network is used to store functionality information for a plurality of locations. The geographical location of active cell phones is monitored and when a cell phone enters a restricted location, cell phone location information is transmitted to the network data base to read it out and transmit the applicable functionality information to cell phones. The functionality information may represent voluntary restrictions displayed on the cell phones or they may be mandatory restrictions that inhibit cell phone functions defined by the restrictions.

Abstract: A MEMS device fabricated from a single multi-layered wafer, which alleviates the alignment problem associated with a two-piece prior-art design. In one embodiment, the MEMS device has a stationary part and a movable part rotatably coupled to the stationary part. The stationary part has an electrode and a first conducting structure electrically isolated from the electrode. The movable part has a rotatable plate and a second conducting structure located on the plate and electrically connected to the plate. The mass and location of the second conducting structure are selected such as to compensate for the plate's imbalance with respect to the rotation axis. In addition, at the rest position, the first and second conducting structures form, around the electrode, a substantially continuous barrier adapted to provide electrical shielding for the electrode.

Abstract: A method for detecting packet data transmission following an inactive period of a transmitter. The method includes using a dynamic acquisition search window which grows from an initial width (determined by the size of the corresponding standard search window prior to entering the inactive period) up to a maximum width (for example, the width of a full cell) in correspondence with the length of time that the transmitter is in the inactive state. The method is particularly directed to a mobile transmitter having active and inactive periods. The method according to the present invention is also useful relative to streaming data, such as voice, including a plurality of multipath components.

Abstract: Channels are allocated to one or more cells within a wireless LAN (WLAN) without causing unacceptable interference. The allocation involves dividing an allocation time period into frames, each frame having a substantially short duration, and then allocating one or more channels to one or more WLAN cells during each such frame according to an allocation vector. The vector assures that each cell allocated a channel is sufficiently distant from every other cell allocated the same channel to minimize cross interference. Only those cells allocated a channel are allowed to transmit during a given frame. The allocation vectors are determined in such a way that the performance of a WLAN is optimized.

Abstract: In the method of processing soft handoff information at a base station, soft handoff information of a mobile station is received at the base station. The soft handoff information indicates at least a number of base stations in an active list of the mobile station. The active list is a list of base stations involved in a call of the mobile station. The base station applies a rules set to the soft handoff information to determine changes in the active list. The rules set requires more stringent conditions be met to add a base station to the active list when the active list includes a first number of base stations as compared to when the active list includes a second number of base stations; wherein the first number is greater than the second number. The determination results are then sent to the mobile station.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wide-sense, non-blocking WDM cross-connect that utilizes a relatively small number of wavelength interchangers. The cross-connect of the present invention comprises first, second and third fabrics and one or more wavelength interchangers that interconnect the first and second fabrics. Demands that require a change in wavelength are routed through the first fabric, through one or more of the wavelength interchangers, and through the second fabric. Demands that do not require a change in wavelength are only routed through the third fabric. A routing algorithm is utilized to ensure that any sequence of connection requests and withdrawals can be routed without disturbing any currently routed requests.

Abstract: A predistortion system uses spectral regrowth filtering in a feedback path thereof to reduce out-of-band error. An illustrative embodiment of the system includes a predistortion circuit which generates a predistorted signal, one or more signal processing elements configured to process the predistorted signal, and a feedback processing circuit coupled between an output of the one or more signal processing elements and a control input of the predistortion circuit. Associated with the feedback processing circuit is at least one spectral regrowth filter. The spectral regrowth filter is configured to pass an out-of-band portion of a feedback signal while attenuating an in-band portion of the feedback signal, and operates in conjunction with the feedback processing circuit to control one or more characteristics of the predistortion circuit.

Abstract: A method for organizing records of a database by topical relevance generates statistics on relevance by monitoring search terms used and search paths traversed by a database user community. Records reviewed most often in relation to a given search term are assumed to be most relevant to that search term in the eyes of members of the user community. Additionally, a record reviewed in relation to a plurality of search terms is determined to be related by topical relevance to other records reviewed in relation to that plurality of search terms. Again, a probability is calculated, based on a frequency of record review and search terms used, as a measure of this record topical relevance. An embodiment directed toward Internet searches provides for seeding the probability calculations with information from labeled data available from open source Internet directories. The activities of the user community are monitored, for example, at a proxy server, or by reviewing proxy server logs.

Abstract: In the method, spatial steering of parallel symbol streams and a transmit power of each symbol stream is determined based on a statistical distribution of a channel. The determined spatial steering and transmit powers may then be applied by a transmitter to optimize the transmit signal.

Abstract: A device comprising a substrate having a base layer, the base layer being connectable to a source of current. The device also includes fluid-support-structures located on the base layer. Each of the fluid-support-structures has at least one dimension of about 1 millimeter or less. The base layer is configured to impart heat to a fluid locatable over the base layer and convert at least a portion of the fluid to a vapor when a current is applied to the base layer.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a substrate having a surface configured to accommodate a fluid thereover. A plurality of fluid-support-structures are on the surface. Each of the fluid-support-structures has at least one dimension of less than one millimeter. A well in the substrate has an opening on the surface. A medium is locatable between the plurality of fluid-support-structures and in the well. The medium located between the fluid-support-structures is in communication with the medium in the well.

Abstract: Temporal phase shifts induced by cross-phase modulation in an optical fiber are directly characterized with a spectral equivalent of the Foucault technique used to spatially resolve wavefronts. The temporal phase induced by a high power pulsed pump on a monochromatic probe via cross-phase modulation is converted in a temporal intensity modulation via spectral filtering. A measurement of the modulated instantaneous power of the filtered signal allows to directly determine the time-resolved nonlinear phase shift. Additionally, an equivalent of the transport-of-intensity equation, which links the evolution of the instantaneous power of the electric field in a dispersive medium to the instantaneous values of the power and phase of the field. This derivation permits the measurement of temporal phase shifts using only intensity information in a direct, non-interferometric manner.

Abstract: A device comprising a substrate having a surface that comprises a conductive base layer. The device also comprises fluid-support-structures on the conductive base layer. Each of the fluid-support-structures has at least one dimension of about 1 millimeter or less. Each of the fluid-support-structures is coated with an electrical insulator. The device is configured to oscillate a fluid locatable between tops of the fluid-support-structures and the conductive base layer when a voltage is applied between the conductive base layer and the fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a plurality of closed-cells on a substrate surface. Each of the closed-cells comprise one or more internal walls that divide an interior of each of the closed-cells into a single first zone and a plurality of second zones. The first zone occupies a larger area of the closed-cell than any one of said second zones and the first and second zones are interconnected to form a common volume.

Abstract: Device comprising: a first substrate; a plurality of first raised elements on the first substrate, the first raised elements mutually spaced apart by first channel regions on the first substrate, each of the first raised elements having a first distal end, the first distal ends forming a first array; hydrophobic molecules on the first raised elements; and primary reactive molecules on the first raised elements for generating hydrophilic reaction products. Techniques for utilizing the device.

Abstract: An error convergence measurement circuit for providing convergence of a filter includes a terminating component configured to terminate filter convergence independent of an operating environment of the filter. Selectable termination threshold levels are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to packet transmission scheduling and specifically to UMTS packet transmission scheduling. It is an object of the invention to provide an improved method for packet transmission scheduling, especially on downlink shared channels and an improved packet transmission scheduling system, both the improved method and the system especially adapted to be used for UMTS systems. The invention proposes a quality of service scheduling of multiple data flows in a CDMA system, wherein a priority order of protocol data units (PDU) of multiple data flows with regard to predefined flow's quality of service requirements is determined and a serving of the protocol data units (PDU) is performed by dynamically creating transport block sets (TBS) to be transmitted to the physical layer (PHY-layer) with regard to the defined priority order and in dependence of allocated radio resource constraints.