Abstract: The invention proposes for improving the overall spectral efficiency of wireless telecommunication systems, in particular of mobile communication systems, the transmission of at least one multiframe signal having a plurality of sub-frames with predefined logical channels (BCCH, FCCH, SCH) repeatedly embedded in predefined sub-frames, wherein a transmitter diversity is applied using antenna and/or polarization hopping sequences such that during the transmission of respective one multiframe, each logical channel (BCCH, FCCH, SCH) is transmitted at least two times with a different antenna and/or polarization.

Abstract: An optical router is disclosed having at least one frequency router. The frequency router includes a plurality of input ports and a plurality of output ports. At least one input port simultaneously receives at least two optical signals to be frequency routed, while at least one output port simultaneously presents at least two frequency routed optical signals. Each optical signal to be frequency routed is colored in response to destination information.

Abstract: A system for, and method of, denoting and communicating with a computer network site and a computer network incorporating the system or the method. In one embodiment, the system includes: (1) an address parser that makes a determination of whether the site is a mobile site from an address of the site and (2) a communications manager that manages communication with the site based on the determination.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for use in accordance with such systems as web sites operating electronic commerce (e-commerce) applications, interactive voice response (IVR) systems and workflow systems for providing automated monitoring of user activity and personalized action taking based on such activity, in accordance with an on-line decision support mechanism which combines formal and heuristic reasoning. In a web-based system, for example, the on-line decision support provided in accordance with the invention can be used in a wide variety of e-commerce applications requiring automated, real-time, intelligent interventions, including targeted promotions and discounts, assisting with navigation through self-help material, supporting dynamic price negotiations, and even selecting large portions of page content.

Abstract: Microelectronic apparatus having protection against high frequency crosstalk radiation, comprising: a planar insulating substrate; an active semiconductor electronic device located over a first region of the insulating substrate; and a doped semiconductor located in a second region of the insulating substrate substantially surrounding the first region. Apparatus further comprising a dissipative conductor overlaying and adjacent to the doped semiconductor. Apparatus additionally comprising metallic test probe contacts making electrical connections with the active semiconductor electronic device. Application of the apparatus to dissipate crosstalk radiation having a center frequency within a range between about 1 gigahertz and about 1,000 gigahertz. Methods for making the apparatus.

Abstract: Techniques for producing a glass structure having interconnected macroscopic pores, employing steps of filling polymerizable glass precursors into pores in a polymeric structure having interconnected macroscopic pores; polymerizing the precursors; and decomposing the polymers to produce a glass oxide structure having interconnected macroscopic pores. Further techniques employ steps of exposing portions of a photosensitive medium including glass precursors to an optical interference pattern; polymerizing or photodeprotecting the exposed portions and removing unpolymerized or deprotected portions; and decomposing the polymerized or deprotected portions to produce a glass structure having interconnected macroscopic pores. Techniques for filling pores of such glass structure with a material having a high refractive index, and for then removing the glass structure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the number of write operations during route updates in router forwarding engines eliminates “excess” (i.e., “redundant”) writes to the routing trie. One or more writes are “redundant” with respect to another write if the timestamp of the other write is the same as or later than (by an amount less than a given threshold) the timestamp of each of the one or more writes, and if the state of the routing trie after the other write has been applied is equivalent whether or not any of the one or more writes have also been applied. Excess writes may be advantageously eliminated when routes are either added to or withdrawn from the routing trie, and deleted subtrees may be advantageously cached for subsequent re-addition thereto.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for routing billing request and response messages to a billing server for serving calls by a particular subscriber. When the subscriber originates a call, an original billing request message is transmitted to an agent server. The agent server determines which billing server serves that subscriber and forwards the billing message to the selected billing server. The billing server responds to the request message with billing request data. Advantageously, this arrangement minimizes the problems of updating a large number of subscriber identification/billing server identification databases.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling communication rates over a link within a communications system. The method includes storing packets associated with voice and data traffic in individual buffers, and determining an instantaneous number of active voice and active data traffic in the individual buffers. Furthermore, a total link bandwidth that the active voice traffic will consume during a frame interval is determined, and an available link bandwidth, for the active data traffic, remaining after the total link bandwidth is calculated. Finally, rate control is applied to fit the active data traffic in the available link bandwidth. Rate control is achieved by allowing a data session to send data at a portion of its full-rate, where the portion is determined as a function of the instantaneous load generated by all sessions carried on the link.

Abstract: A communication node comprises a receiver for receiving packets and a routing device for routing the received packets to one of two output ports. For each output port, the communication node further comprises a classifier for classifying a received packet based on its traffic characteristic and storing that packet in a corresponding queue for that traffic characteristic, and a concatenated packets preparer for concatenating n received packets from each queue to form a concatenated packet to be transmitted by the associated output port, where the maximum of n is determined based on the traffic characteristic of the associated queue.

Abstract: A dual-output Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM2) and configurations of optical transmitters based on the MZM2 which obviate the optical splitter that is typically used to provide keep-alive functionality in redundantly-connected, protected optical networks, SONET add-drop multiplexers, and optical IP routers. The configurations provide equivalent keep-alive utility at a reduced system cost relative to the prior art. The configurations also support enhanced Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning (OAM&P) functionality at little to no additional cost relative to the prior art. Instead of being a direct copy of the service signal, the keep-alive of this configuration is an inverted version of the service signal. This inverted version of the service signal is supported at a client by utilization of means for detecting and righting the inverted signal.

Abstract: A mobile station scans for electromagnetic signals representing control channels of the public wireless system and the private wireless system. The mobile station measures a received signal parameter of at least one of the scanned control channels. The hybrid communications network may transfer the mobile station's service from the public wireless system to the private wireless system, if the measured signal parameter meets or exceeds a private target. Alternately, the hybrid communications system may transfer service from the private wireless system to the public wireless system, if the measured signal parameter meets or exceeds a public target. A service control point maintains a central database of user profiles updated in response to the transferring procedure.

Abstract: A mobile terminal selects a transmission rate for the reverse common signaling channel in response to at least one mobile-terminal-measured metric that is associated with the RF conditions of the channel. The mobile terminal is provided with information, where the information takes the form of at least one threshold level that the one or more measured metrics are compared with, to determine the rate at which at which the mobile terminal should transmit.

Abstract: A proposed integrateable optical interleaver includes an input Y-branch coupler and at least two multi-section optical couplers. The multi-section optical couplers of the interleaver include at least three substantially similar optical couplers, adjacent ones of the optical couplers interconnected via at least one set of waveguides. The interleaver of the present invention comprises a highly compact and fabrication-robust form that is capable of being integrated onto a single planar lightwave circuit.

Abstract: An advance over the prior art is achieved through an efficient method for the dynamic selection of frequencies with low occupancy in a manner that results in minimizing the search for such frequencies and the risk of a large of number of nodes choosing the same frequency. A method for dynamically selecting the frequencies according to the invention includes the following parts. A channel loading indicator that determines if the mobile node needs to look for a new channel. A channel search algorithm that quickly determines the new channel to be used. A tracking algorithm that remembers the channels that were most recently determined to be loaded and hence should be avoided in the near future. In one embodiment of the invention a method of selecting frequencies for use by a device in a wireless communications network is presented.

Abstract: A communications system multiplexes voice communications signals onto one or more transport level connections established through a packetized network, such as the Internet. The invention supports the use of variable-length packets and accommodates variable jitter. The system conforms to real time protocol (RTP) and employs internet telephone gateways (ITGs) to bind users to channel identifiers, to indicate payload type and length, to provide channel identification and time stamps, and to indicate cessation and resumption of voice traffic from a particular user through use of, for example, marker bits.

Abstract: A connection between a source node and a destination node is automatically routed and switched in a WDM photonic network, on receipt of a connection request. A switching and routing mechanism selects a plurality of valid link paths using a path tree, where invalid branches are eliminated based on constraints received in the connection request, and on a link and path cost functions. A regenerator placement tree is used for determining a plurality of viable regenerator paths for each valid link path. On the regenerator placement tree, non-viable branches are eliminated based on constraints received with the request and on regenerator availability at the intermediate nodes along the respective path, and on the specification of these available regenerators. Next, the switching and routing mechanism assigns a set of wavelengths to each viable regenerator path, and estimates the performance of the path using a Q estimator.

Abstract: Differential unitary space-time (DUST) communication is a technique for communicating via one or more antennas by encoding the transmitted data differentially using unitary matrices at the transmitter, and decoding differentially without knowing the channel coefficients at the receiver. Since channel knowledge is not required at the receiver, DUST is ideal for use on wireless links where channel tracking is undesirable or infeasible. Disclosed are a class of Cayley codes for DUST communication that can produce sets of unitary matrices that work with any number of antennas, and has efficient encoding and decoding at any rate. The codes are named for their generation via the Cayley transform, which maps the highly nonlinear Stiefel manifold of unitary matrices to the linear space of skew-Hermitian matrices. The Cayley codes can be decoded using either successive nulling/cancelling or sphere decoding.

Abstract: A transmitter of digital data includes a modulator with an input for a carrier signal and an input for a first stream of control symbols. The modulator modulates the carrier signal with a second stream of symbols produced by the modulator. Each symbol of the second stream has a value that corresponds to a sum of the present control symbol and the last K first symbols of the first stream. The integer K is greater than one.

Abstract: A database-modeled security policy includes policy statements stored in a database. Each policy statement has associated standards, guidelines, and procedures. Policy statements are grouped together into tag groups, which are in turn grouped together to form metapolicies. A security administrator uses a security policy management application to create metapolicies for specific audiences. A lightweight directory access protocol module manages access to the security policy. The security policy management application also provides scoring, reporting, and project management functionalities.