Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the pump powers of a broadband DWDM optical system using Raman amplification which determines pump settings that are advantageously directed to minimizing the peak-to-peak ripple of the channel powers with respect to a given per-channel target. The illustrative method and apparatus first formulates a linear programming optimization problem, and then solves the formulated linear program in order to derive a new set of pump powers to be applied to the Raman amplification pumps. In accordance with the principles of the invention, the formulated linear programming optimization problem advantageously includes one or more “virtual” channels in addition to the actual channels used in the optical transmission system. The linear program may be solved with use of any conventional linear programming solution technique, such as, for example, the simplex method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for MAP decoding of signals encoded using error correction codes to make maximum probability decisions about each transmitted bit. A disclosed MAP decoding algorithm extends the work of Hartman and Rudolph and exploits properties of Hamming error correction codes to provide a decoding algorithm having a complexity that is proportional to n log n for Hamming codes. The invention computes a difference, ?, of the probabilities the that transmitted symbol was zero and one based on characteristics of the channel and then determines the product of the ?l values corresponding to non-zero positions of codewords of the dual code using real vector and 2[2]-vector fast Walsh-Hadamard transforms. The invention also processes all positions of all codewords to determine a sum for each position that indicates the reliability that a received bit is a given value for a given position using the real vector fast Walsh-Hadamard transforms.

Abstract: A receiver, system, and method for performing equalization. The receiver includes a multi-channel chip equalizer for receiving a plurality of receive baseband signals and restoring chip pulse shapes of a plurality of transmit baseband signals transmitted by a plurality of transmit antenna to produce a plurality of equalized output streams and a correlator for correlating the plurality of equalized output streams with a correlation signal to reduce gradient noise in the plurality of equalized output streams. The method of equalizing includes receiving a plurality of receive baseband signals and restoring chip pulse shapes of a plurality of transmit baseband signals transmitted by a plurality of transmit antenna to produce a plurality of equalized output streams and correlating the plurality of equalized output streams with a correlation signal to reduce gradient noise in the plurality of equalized output streams.

Abstract: A tool for extracting or inserting a connector into a connector receptacle includes a tool body having an elongated shape with a first end and a second end. The first end is adapted to engage and stabilize the connector.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for controlling power transients in amplified optical transmission system includes, in response to the detection of a power transient in an optical signal, varying a gain of at least one amplifier to correct for a time delay in a gain response associated with a gain change in an amplifier. Alternatively, the method, apparatus and system further include in response to the detection of the power transient, adjusting the gain of at least one amplifier to correct for a change in signal power.

Abstract: Auditory-articulatory analysis for use in speech quality assessment. Articulatory analysis is based on a comparison between powers associated with articulation and non-articulation frequency ranges of a speech signal. Neither source speech nor an estimate of the source speech is utilized in articulatory analysis. Articulatory analysis comprises the steps of comparing articulation power and non-articulation power of a speech signal, and assessing speech quality based on the comparison, wherein articulation and non-articulation powers are powers associated with articulation and non-articulation frequency ranges of the speech signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are network management procedures that apply measurements of traffic load to achieve greater efficiency in the operation of the network. In a method for deciding whether to route an incoming call on a selected potential service route, the potential service route is treated preferentially if each of its links has available capacity that is more than sufficient by a specified margin. In a method for computing billing revenues, the non-compliance of the network service provider with contracted requirements for carried load causes a revenue penalty to be exacted for lost bandwidth.

Abstract: A waveguide turn having two waveguides oriented at an angle with respect to one another and optically coupled to one another by a reflective surface. In one embodiment, the reflective surface is a side of a trench formed in the core and cladding regions of the waveguides, which is designed to reflect light based on total internal reflection (TIR). The reflective surface can be designed to have an appropriate curved shape to reduce coupling losses between the waveguides. Due to relatively sharp turn (reflection) angles accessible with the reflective surface, the circuit area occupied by a waveguide turn of the invention is significantly smaller than that for a typical prior-art waveguide turn.

Abstract: A data stream having a bit rate of R gigabits per second (R=1 or an integer power of 2) is transported over a synchronous network using virtual concatenation. A prescribed number of channels (e.g., 7 for SDH, 21 for SONET) are allocated for transmitting streams of containers over the network. A block of data from the data stream is distributed over a group of containers of several channels. Received containers are stored in a memory until bytes from all containers from one of the blocks have been received. Memory is addressed with an address having a first set of bits determined by a position of the container in the stream of containers and a second set of bits determined from an offset determined by a position of the information in the container added to a base address for a channel from which the container was received.

Abstract: An optical parametric amplifier (OPA) driven with at least two pump waves. The pump waves may be configured such that the OPA produces uniform exponential gain over a range of wavelengths that extends, for example, at least 30 nm on either side of the average pump-wave wavelength. In addition, since the Brillouin scattering limit applies to each pump wave independently, substantially twice the amount of energy may be pumped into an OPA of the present invention compared to that in the corresponding single pump-wave OPA of the prior art. An OPA of the present invention may be used in a WDM communication system and configured for simultaneous signal amplification and wavelength conversion.

Abstract: A digital demodulator comprises means (14) to perform a complex frequency shift operation on the received signal so as to provide a first signal at an intermediate frequency of one quarter of the sampling frequency. The digital demodulator also comprises a quadrature down converter (22) operative to down convert the first signal so as to provide an output signal at baseband.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling transients in an optical signal propagating along an optical fiber path interconnecting a plurality of network elements employs a power threshold to determine an appropriate response given a change in optical signal power.

Abstract: A reconfigurable ADD/DROP multiplexer/demultiplexer apparatus is implemented by connecting a multiplexer/demultiplexer apparatus to a serializer/deserializer (SERDES) apparatus having a loop-back capability. By selectively activating the loop-back functionality of the SERDES apparatus the combination can be made to function as a reconfigurable ADD/DROP multiplexer/demultiplexer apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) and a method of fabricating the OFET. The OFET, configured to function as a p-type semiconductor, includes a substrate having a top surface and a semiconductor layer located over the top surface. The semiconductor layer comprises organic semiconductor molecules. Each of the organic semiconductor molecules includes a core having conjugated pi bonds, a fluorinated alkyl group, and an alkyl spacer group having a chain of two or more carbon atoms. One end of the chain is bonded to the fluorinated alkyl group and another end of the chain is bonded to the core. Substituents coupled to the carbon atoms have an electronegativity of less than about 4.

Abstract: A system and method for processing received transmission signal(s) adapted to be used in high rate communication systems without impairing the received signal energy and without additional expensive components. The system and method are adapted to transmission system(s) having at the receiver-side a compound system of a feed-forward equalizer (FFE) and a subsequent decision feedback equalizer (DFE). A feed forward equalization and/or a decision feedback equalization is performed on the received high rate signal by deriving adaptation information from the equalized signal after a signal decision is performed for adjusting all intended feed forward equalization and/or decision feedback equalization coefficients and/or table entries in dependence on said information.

Abstract: The band pass filter includes at least first and second band pass filters. A selector receives at least one signal, and supplies the signal to one of the first and second band pass filters. A controller controls the selector based on a frequency of the signal.

Abstract: A memory management system adapted to process linked list data files. The system has a plurality of low storage capacity high speed memories and a lower speed high storage capacity bulk memory. An access flow regulator generates requests for the reading and writing of linked list files by the memories. The head and tail buffers and at any intermediate buffers of a linked list are written into the high speed memories. The intermediate buffers are immediately transferred from the high speed memories to said bulk memory while leaving the head buffer and the tail buffer of the linked list in the high speed memories. In read operations, the head and tail buffers are read from the high speed memories. The intermediate buffers are transferred from the bulk memory to said the high speed memory and then read from the high speed memories.

Abstract: Internal communication signals in a stored program controlled system comprising a plurality of units configured to process signals are provided by an optical beam line which is proximal to all of the plurality of units. The system of this invention uses Space Division Multiplexing techniques to provide a plurality of logically independent subchannels over a single, shared free space optical beamline.

Abstract: A wireless communication system base station includes a number of channel unit boards, each including multiple channel elements for providing processing operations for signals assigned to multiple carriers of the system. A given channel unit board includes a multiplexer which is operative to implement multi-carrier/multi-sector channel pooling by assigning a given one of the channel elements of that board to any one of the multiple carriers of the system. For example, the multiplexer in the given channel board may be operative to connect the channel elements of that board to I/Q signal buses associated with different system carriers. The I/Q signal bus for each of the carriers is then combined on the given board with corresponding signals from other boards. The invention allows each of N channel elements of the given channel unit board to be assigned to a particular one of up to N carriers of the system, thereby providing substantially improved flexibility in terms of system configuration.

Abstract: An adaptive quality control loop for link rate adaptation that adaptively selects optimal channel condition thresholds in real-time without measuring all the factors that affect selecting channel condition thresholds. The adaptive quality control loop involves adjusting the channel condition thresholds with variable up and down steps based on target quality metrics along with measurements such as error detection results, relative frequencies of visiting each modulation and/or coding schemes (also referred to as “MCS levels”) and transmitted data rates. In one embodiment, the adaptive quality control loop comprises the step of adjusting a channel condition threshold based on a error detection result for a data packet transmission using a variable step. The channel condition threshold is associated with an MCS level used in the data packet transmission.