Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for setting up a flow-through mesh group (FTMG) for transmitting link-state packets (LSPs) in a network having a plurality of nodes interconnected by links. The FTMG is a combination of multiple spanning trees for the network through which LSPs are forwarded. FTMG set-up messages are received at ports of each node of the network from peer ports of linked nodes. FTMG set-up messages identify root nodes of the multiple spanning trees and the transmission modes of the peer ports. The FTMG set-up messages are used to determine (1) a root node for each spanning tree, (2) a root port on each node for each spanning tree, and (3) directionality of ports of the nodes. FTMG set-up messages are then used to determine the transmission mode of ports of the nodes and, subsequently, to update the spanning trees and transmission modes, as needed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an automatically maintained, distributed source tree (DST) network has a plurality of fully connected internal nodes. One or more internal nodes may be connected to one or more external nodes. A first internal node synchronizes its link-state database with another internal node by sending and receiving respective Reduced Sequence Number Packet-Data-Units (PDUs) (RSNPs). An RSNP includes summary information for link-state packets (LSPs) (1) originated by the first internal node, (2) received by the first internal node from the other internal node, and (3) received from and/or originated by external nodes. If an internal link fails, then the corresponding end-nodes may recover and maintain automatic DST operation by entering either relay-mode or switch-mode operation. In relay-mode operation, an end-node tunnels packets to the other end-node via an intermediary node. In switch-mode operation, an intermediary node is selected to forward packets from one end-node to the other end-node.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first thermally conductive body having a plurality of fingers and a second thermally conductive body having a plurality of fingers. The first and second bodies are configured such that the fingers of the first body are interdigitated with the fingers of the second body. Each of a plurality of thermoelectric modules has a first major surface and an opposing second major surface. The first major surface of each thermoelectric module is in thermal contact with one of the fingers of the first body, and the second major surface is in thermal contact with one of the fingers of the second body.

Abstract: As discussed herein, there is presented an apparatus comprising micro-posts. The apparatus includes a substrate having a planar surface, a plurality of micro-posts located on the planar surface, wherein each micro-post has a base portion on the planar surface and a post portion located on a top surface of the corresponding base portion, and wherein side surfaces of the base portions intersect the planar surface at oblique angles.

Abstract: A heat sink includes a base and a heat exchange element monolithically connected to the base. The heat exchange element has a surface that at least partially bounds first and second paths through the heat exchange element. The surface forms an upper boundary of the first and second paths and includes an opening therethrough connecting the first and second paths.

Abstract: A heat sink includes a base and fins attached to the base. A flow diverter is in contact with the base or at least one of the fins and is configured to disturb a laminar flow region of a fluid flowing adjacent to at least one of the fins or the base.

Abstract: A heat sink includes a surface and a first active element connected to the surface. The first active element is configured to move from a first position relative to the surface to a second position relative to the surface. The movement alters the heat transfer characteristics of the heat sink.

Abstract: Apparatus including photodetector device, signal output device, and housing configured to be held in human hand. Signal output device is configured for emitting perceived color signal corresponding to light color data detected by photodetector device. Method that includes: providing apparatus configured to be held in human hand and having photodetector device and signal output device; causing photodetector device to detect light color data from light source; and causing signal output device to emit perceived color signal corresponding to detected light color data.

Abstract: An apparatus 100 comprising a first substrate 130 having a first surface 125, a second substrate 132 having a second surface 127 facing the first surface and an array 170 of metallic raised features 170 being located on the first surface, each raised feature being in contact with the first surface to the second surface, a portion of the raised features being deformed via a compressive force 305.

Abstract: A video conferencing device for improving video quality when a communications device is used for a video conference. In one embodiment the device includes (1) a data collection module for collecting data regarding the location and orientation of a user's face relative to a camera on a communications device; and (2) a facial correction module associated with the data collection module, the facial correction module modifying a user's facial orientation and characteristics for transmission during a video conference based on data from the data collection module and from an associated database of relevant facial characteristics.

Abstract: An apparatus 100 comprising a radiofrequency filter body housing 102. The radiofrequency filter body housing includes a polymeric composition 110 that includes at least one polymer foam 115 and filler material 120. The filler material is uniformly distributed and randomly oriented throughout the polymeric composition. The radiofrequency filter body housing also includes an electrically conductive material 125 coating the polymeric composition.

Abstract: An apparatus for enhancing packet communication is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes an encoder configured to convert input data to a binary coded base system of an augmented code employing a base of an original code used for coding the input data, wherein the augmented code employs more symbols for coding than the original code, the encoder including: (1) an adder configured to add the input data to a multiplication product to generate a base sum that is binary-coded in the augmented code, (2) a multiplier configured to multiply an accumulated value by a base of the original code to provide the multiplication product that is binary-coded in the augmented code, and (3) an accumulator configured to employ the base sum to provide an accumulated value as an output for the encoder, wherein the accumulated value is binary-coded in the augmented code to represent the input data.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a body containing a vapor chamber and having first and opposing second major surfaces and a thermoelectric module having first and opposing second major surfaces. The second major surface of the body is in thermal contact with the first major surface of the thermoelectric module. A heat sink has a first major surface in thermal contact with the second major surface of the thermoelectric module. The thermoelectric module is configured to control a flow of heat between the body and the heat sink.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus, comprising a first mechanical structure having a first rigid surface, an area of the first rigid surface having a nanostructured surface. The apparatus also includes a second mechanical structure having a second rigid surface and opposing the first mechanical structure. The second rigid surface is cooperable with the nanostructured surface such that a microscopic particle is locatable between the nanostructured surface and the second rigid surface.

Abstract: A Doppler radar signal processing system and method and a Doppler radar employing the system or the method. In one embodiment, the system includes: (1) an input configured to receive at least one radar output signal representing a reflected Doppler radar signal, (2) signal processing circuitry coupled to the input and configured to produce an arc-length cardiopulmonary signal from the at least one radar output signal and employ a respiration fundamental frequency estimate to extract a heart rate signal from the arc-length cardiopulmonary signal and (3) an output coupled to the signal processing circuitry and configured to provide the heart rate signal.

Abstract: An electrically powered device (10) is provided that is equipped to receive television transmissions. Suitably, the device (10) is operative in one of two states, including a first state in which the device (10) is powered up for normal operation and a second state in which the device (10) is powered down for operation in a standby mode.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method by which polarization components may be processed separately, for example, to enable a polarization beam splitter (PBS) or a switch. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes: first and second Mach-Zehnder interferometers, each Mach-Zehnder interferometer having input and output optical couplers and two internal optical arms, each optical arm connecting one output of the input optical coupler to a corresponding input of the output optical coupler, the output optical coupler of the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer being the input optical coupler of the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer, wherein the input optical coupler of the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer is configured to transmit one polarization component of the light to two of the outputs thereof and to transmit a different polarization of the light to substantially only one of the outputs thereof in response to receiving said light at an input thereof.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for use thereof. The apparatus, in one embodiment, includes first and second 1×N couplers integrated on a substrate and configured to receive an optical symbol having an intended time slot, N being at least three. The apparatus, in this embodiment, further includes N waveguide arms integrated on the substrate, having modulators and coupled between the first and second 1×N couplers. The apparatus, in this embodiment, additionally, includes a modulator controller configured to drive the modulators such that, following transmission over a distance, components of the optical symbol outside of the intended time slot are attenuated relative to components within the intended time slot.

Abstract: Device having first wick evaporator including first membrane and plurality of first thermally-conductive supports. First membrane has upper and lower surfaces. First membrane also has plurality of pores with upper pore ends at upper surface of first membrane and with lower pore ends at lower surface of first membrane. Each of first thermally-conductive supports has upper and lower support ends. Upper support ends of first thermally-conductive supports are in contact with first membrane. Each of first thermally-conductive supports has longitudinal axis extending between the upper and lower support ends, average cross-sectional area along axis, and membrane support cross-sectional area at upper support end, the membrane support cross-sectional area effectively being smaller than average cross-sectional area. First thermally-conductive supports are configured to conduct thermal energy from lower support ends of first thermally-conductive supports to first membrane.

Abstract: Device including channel having channel input and output. Channel has interior channel surface extending along channel path from channel input to output. In one implementation, channel includes plurality of channel sections in serial communication along channel path. Each of channel sections includes first internal circumference spaced apart along channel path from second internal circumference, in each of channel sections the first and second internal circumferences being substantially different. Each of channel sections includes sub-surface of interior channel surface. At least region of sub-surface of each channel section includes distribution of raised micro-scale features. As another implementation, at least first region of interior channel surface includes distribution of raised micro-scale features interrupted by plurality of raised barriers spaced apart along channel path on interior channel surface.