Abstract: The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs of the various systems in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: Integrated processes and systems for the production of distillate hydrocarbons and coke. The process may include feeding a hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising a residuum hydrocarbon fraction, to a residue hydrocracking reactor system to convert hydrocarbons therein, producing a hydrocracked effluent. The hydrocracked effluent may then be fed to a separation system, separating the hydrocracked effluent into one or more distillate hydrocarbon fractions and a vacuum residue fraction. The vacuum residue fraction may be fed to a coker system, converting the vacuum residue fraction into a coke product and a coker vapor effluent, recovering the coke product, and feeding the coker vapor effluent to the separation system. The one or more distillate hydrocarbon fractions are hydroprocessed to produce a hydroprocessed effluent, and the hydroprocessed effluent is separated into product distillate hydrocarbon fractions.

Abstract: The selective dimerization of isoolefins, such as isobutene or isopentane, or mixtures thereof, may be conducted in a system including a series of fixed bed reactors and a catalytic distillation reactor. The system may provide for conveyance of the fixed bed reactor effluents, without componential separation, to a downstream reactor. It has been found that a high selectivity to the dimer may be achieved even though intermediate separation of the desired product from unreacted components between reactors is not performed. Further, embodiments provide for use of a divided wall column for recovery of a high purity dimer product, reducing unit piece count and plot size.

Abstract: A system may include a turbine and a recuperative heat exchanger system. The recuperative heat exchanger system is configured to receive exhaust gases from the turbine. The recuperative heat exchanger system may include a precool section to cool the exhaust gases, a major heating section to receive the cooled the exhaust gases, and a minor heating section to receive the cooled the exhaust gases.

Abstract: A system may include a turbine and a recuperative heat exchanger system. The recuperative heat exchanger system is configured to receive exhaust gases from the turbine. The recuperative heat exchanger system may include a precool section to cool the exhaust gases, a major heating section to receive the cooled the exhaust gases, and a minor heating section to receive the cooled the exhaust gases.

Abstract: A heat exchanger system includes a rigid framework a rigid framework. A first heat exchanger may be coupled to a first support structure on a top of the rigid framework. A second heat exchanger may be positioned below the first heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger may be coupled to a second support structure. The second support structure may hang from the rigid framework via a first set of tethers. The first set of tethers may be configured to vertically and horizontally move the second support structure. The vertically and horizontally movement of the second support structure may be based on a thermal expansion of the second heat exchanger.

Abstract: A feed injector may have a body having an outer wall and an inner wall with a first conduit formed between the outer wall and the inner wall. The first conduit is configured to receive a atomizing gas. Additionally, a second conduit may be formed by the inner wall, and the second conduit is configured to receive a liquid. The first conduit and the second conduit are separated by the inner wall. Further, a mixing chamber may be provided at an outlet of the first conduit and an outlet of the second conduit. The atomizing gas from the first conduit and the liquid from the second conduit hit and/or mix together in the mixing chamber to form liquid droplets and a mixture of the atomizing gas and the liquid. Furthermore, a flow cone may have a first end in the second conduit and a second end in the mixing chamber.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) systems for small scale and world scale production of olefins. An OCM system may comprise an OCM subsystem that generates a product stream comprising C2+ compounds and non-C2+ impurities from methane and an oxidizing agent. At least one separations subsystem downstream of, and fluidically coupled to, the OCM subsystem can be used to separate the non-C2+ impurities from the C2+ compounds. A methanation subsystem downstream and fluidically coupled to the OCM subsystem can be used to react H2 with CO and/or CO2 in the non-C2+ impurities to generate methane, which can be recycled to the OCM subsystem. The OCM system can be integrated in a non-OCM system, such as a natural gas liquids system or an existing ethylene cracker.

Abstract: A process for the selective dimerization and etherification of isoolefins, including feeding a mixed C4 stream and an oxygenate stream to a first fixed bed reactor containing a first catalyst, producing a first reactor effluent comprising dimers of the isoolefin, unreacted C4s, and unreacted oxygenates. Feeding the first reactor effluent directly to a second fixed bed reactor containing a second catalyst, producing a second reactor effluent containing dimers of the isoolefin, unreacted C4s, and unreacted oxygenates. Feeding the second reactor effluent to a catalytic distillation reactor system containing a third catalyst. Concurrently in the catalyst distillation reactor system reacting unreacted C4s in the presence of the third catalyst to form additional dimers of the isoolefin and/or ethers, and separating the dimers of the isoolefins from unreacted oxygenates and unreacted C4s.

Abstract: Producing C5 olefins from steam cracker C5 feeds may include reacting a mixed hydrocarbon stream comprising cyclopentadiene, C5 olefins, and C6+ hydrocarbons in a dimerization reactor where cyclopentadiene is dimerized to dicyclopentadiene. The dimerization reactor effluent may be separated into a fraction comprising the C6+ hydrocarbons and dicyclopentadiene and a second fraction comprising C5 olefins and C5 dienes. The second fraction, a saturated hydrocarbon diluent stream, and hydrogen may be fed to a catalytic distillation reactor system for concurrently separating linear C5 olefins from saturated hydrocarbon diluent, cyclic C5 olefins, and C5 dienes contained in the second fraction and selectively hydrogenating C5 dienes. An overhead distillate including the linear C5 olefins and a bottoms product including cyclic C5 olefins are recovered from the catalytic distillation reactor system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for generating higher hydrocarbon(s) from a stream comprising compounds with two or more carbon atoms (C2+), comprising introducing methane and an oxidant (e.g., O2) into an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reactor that has been retrofitted into a system comprising an ethylene-to-liquids (ETL) reactor. The OCM reactor reacts the methane with the oxidant to generate a first product stream comprising the C2+ compounds. The first product stream can then be directed to a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit that recovers at least a portion of the C2+ compounds from the first product stream to yield a second product stream comprising the at least the portion of the C2+ compounds. The second product stream can then be directed to the ETL reactor. The higher hydrocarbon(s) can then be generated from the at least the portion of the C2+ compounds in the ETL reactor.

Abstract: A gasification process may include (a) introducing a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock and at least one of a dry feedstock or a first slurried feedstock into a reactor lower section, wherein the at least one dry feedstock or first slurried feedstock is introduced through two primary feed nozzles while the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock is introduced through at least two secondary feed nozzles; (b) partially combusting the feedstocks in the reactor lower section with a gas stream comprising an oxygen-containing gas or steam to evolve heat and form products comprising hot synthesis gas; (c) passing said hot synthesis gas from step (b) upward into a reactor upper section; (d) and introducing a second slurried feedstock into said reactor upper section, whereby heat from said hot synthesis gas supports reaction of the second slurried feedstock by pyrolysis and gasification reactions.

Abstract: Processes herein may be used to thermally crack various hydrocarbon feeds, and may eliminate the refinery altogether while making the crude to chemicals process very flexible in terms of crude. In embodiments herein, crude is progressively separated into at least light and heavy fractions. Depending on the quality of the light and heavy fractions, these are routed to one of three upgrading operations, including a fixed bed hydroconversion unit, a fluidized catalytic conversion unit, or a residue hydrocracking unit that may utilize an ebullated bed reactor.

Abstract: Processes herein may be used to thermally crack various hydrocarbon feeds, and may eliminate the refinery altogether while making the crude to chemicals process very flexible in terms of crude. In embodiments herein, crude is progressively separated into at least light and heavy fractions. Depending on the quality of the light and heavy fractions, these are routed to one of three upgrading operations, including a fixed bed hydroconversion unit, a fluidized catalytic conversion unit, or a residue hydrocracking unit that may utilize an ebullated bed reactor. Products from the upgrading operations may be used as feed to a steam cracker.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems and processes for producing olefins and/or dienes. The processes may include: thermally cracking a hydrocarbon containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing a mixture of olefins and paraffins; and catalytically cracking the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a catalytically cracked effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes. The systems may include a reaction zone for thermally cracking a hydrocarbon containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing a mixture of olefins and paraffins; and, a catalytic cracking reaction zone for catalytically cracking the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a catalytically cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes.

Abstract: Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: Apparatus and processes herein provide for converting hydrocarbon feeds to light olefins and other hydrocarbons. The processes and apparatus include, in some embodiments, feeding a hydrocarbon, a first catalyst and a second catalyst to a reactor, wherein the first catalyst has a smaller average particle size and is less dense than the second catalyst. A first portion of the second catalyst may be recovered as a bottoms product from the reactor, and a cracked hydrocarbon effluent, a second portion of the second catalyst, and the first catalyst may be recovered as an overhead product from the reactor. The second portion of the second catalyst may be separated from the overhead product, providing a first stream comprising the first catalyst and the hydrocarbon effluent and a second stream comprising the separated second catalyst, allowing return of the separated second catalyst in the second stream to the reactor.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems and processes for producing olefins and/or dienes. The systems and processes may include thermally cracking a C1-C4 hydrocarbon containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing a mixture of olefins and paraffins. The systems and processes may also include dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes.

Abstract: Processes and systems for the conversion of propylene to ethylene may include introducing a propylene feed stream to a C3 metathesis reactor, converting the propylene to ethylene and 2-butene. The metathesis reactor effluent may be recovered and separated in a fractionation system to recover an ethylene product, a C3 fraction, a C4 fraction, and a C5+ fraction. All or a portion of the C3 fraction may be fed to the C3 metathesis reactor to produce additional ethylene. The C4 fraction may be converted in a C4 isomerization/metathesis reaction zone by: (i) isomerization of 2-butenes to 1-butene, (ii) metathesis of the 1-butene and 2-butene to produce propylene and 2-pentene, and/or (iii) autometathesis of the 1-butene to produce ethylene and 3-hexene. An effluent from the C4 isomerization/metathesis reaction zone may then be recovered and fed from the C4 isomerization/metathesis reaction zone to the fractionation system.

Abstract: Processes and systems for the production of ethylbenzene using a dilute ethylene feed and subsequent recovery of ethane in the alkylation vent gas.