Abstract: Novel phosphorus compounds of the general formula ##STR1## contain up to 22% or more of phosphorus and impart an effective level of flame retardancy to a variety of natural and synthetic materials.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of polymers are rendered thixotropic by addition of a dispersion in aliphatic hydrocarbon of quaternary ammonium modified smectite clay, monohydric alcohol, and cationic surfactant. Conventional soluble film forming polymers include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, amine neutralized polyester, and acrylic and methacrylic acid copolymers. Also silica flatting agent, flow control agent, pigment, wax and aminoplast cross-linker can be added.

Abstract: The presence of free carboxylic acids containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms or the anhydrides of these acids inhibits the rate of heat induced discoloration exhibited by certain polymer formulations containing as a heat stabilizer the reaction product of a carboxylic acid with a stoichiometric excess, based on the number of carboxyl groups present, of a diorganotin oxide. The free acids are virtually ineffective heat stabilizers for these polymers in the absence of the aforementioned reaction product. The polymers which can be stabilized include vinyl chloride polymers and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymers.

Abstract: Flexible cellular polyurethane exhibiting excellent thermal and oxidative stability can be prepared using specified complexes of organotin halides or pseudo halides with amines, phosphines or phosphine oxides as latent polymerization catalysts. These catalysts also eliminate the shrinkage that often characterizes cellular polyurethanes prepared using organotin compounds as the polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and composition for the preparation of an electro-deposit which contains; at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt or; binary or ternary alloys of the metals selected from nickel, iron, and cobalt; which comprises passing current from an anode to a cathode through an aqueous acidic electroplating solution containing at least one member selected from nickel compounds and cobalt compounds and which may additionally contain iron compounds providing nickel, cobalt and iron ions for electrodepositing nickel, cobalt, nickel-cobalt alloys, nickel-iron alloys, cobalt-iron alloys or nickel-iron-cobalt alloys; the improvement comprising the presence of 5 .times. 10.sup.-6 moles per liter to 0.5 mole per liter of an unsaturated cyclosulfone exhibiting the following generalized structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: Biologically active copolymers wherein a portion of the repeating units exhibit a triorganotin moiety (R.sub.3 Sn--) are prepared by solution polymerization using liquid aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons as the polymerization medium. The physical and chemical properties of the copolymers make them more suitable for use as biocides than polymers prepared using methods described in the prior art.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for high speed wire and/or strip line electroplating of metals such as tin and zinc on a metal substrate by utilizing in the anode assembly therefor a combination of the plating metal as the anode and an anode support comprised essentially of a member selected from the group consisting of tantalum, niobium, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Tri(.beta.-substituted phenethyl)tin halides such as trineophyltin chloride are prepared by reacting three moles of the corresponding organomagnesium halide for every mole of an organotin trihalide containing an alkyl or a phenyl group bonded to the tin atom. The resultant tetraorganotin compound is reacted with an anhydrous stannic halide in a hydrocarbon diluent and the desired triorganotin halide is isolated following hydrolysis of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Triorganotin derivatives of polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids are prepared either in the presence or absence of solvent by reacting the acid or a suitable derivative thereof with a triorganotin hydroxide or a bis(triorganotin)oxide. Polymerization of the acid or the triorganotin derivative thereof is avoided by using a dehydrating agent to remove the water formed as a by-product of the reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to the recovery of tin as tin metal from tin plate scrap on a continuous basis comprising continuously advancing shredded scrap through an electrically anodic rotating perforated drum partially but not completely immersed in a caustic solution containing no oxidizing agents, plating the tin content of said tin plate scrap upon cathodes disposed obversely and externally to said electrically anodic rotating drum arranged in a longitudinal row on the inside wall of a tank containing said caustic solution.

Abstract: Additives can be permanently incorporated into melt spun fibers by cold drawing the fibers under conditions that generate a network of interconnecting microvoids within the fiber. The microvoids are formed in the presence of specified liquid or vapor media which fill the microvoid network. The temperature of the medium is below the effective glass transition temperature of the fibers containing said medium. The additive is either present in said medium or is applied to drawn fibers containing said medium.

Abstract: In accordance with certain of its aspects this invention relates to a process and composition for the preparation of an electrodeposit which contains; at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt or; binary or ternary alloys of the metals selected from nickel, iron and cobalt; which comprises passing current from an anode to a cathode through an aqueous acidic electroplating solution containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of nickel compounds and cobalt compounds and which may additionally contain iron compounds providing nickel, cobalt and iron ions for electrodepositing nickel, cobalt, nickel-cobalt alloys, nickel-iron alloys, cobalt-iron alloys or nickel-iron-cobalt alloys and containing an effective amount of at least one additive; the improvement comprising the presence of 2.times.10.sup.-5 moles per liter to 0.1 moles per liter of an .alpha.

Abstract: Aqueous coating compositions that inhibit the attachment and growth of barnacles and other fouling organisms on submerged surfaces are comprised at least in part of an emulsified film-forming, water-insoluble polymer, an effective amount of a triphenyltin derivative and water. Pigments, fillers, dispersing acids for the pigment and surface tension modifiers may also be present in addition to other conventional aqueous latex paint additives.

Abstract: A composition and process for selectively removing nickel-iron alloys from a metal substrate which comprises contacting said metal surface with an aqueous bath containing:A. at least one nitro substituted organic compound containing at least one solubilizing group;B. at least one organic amine or polyamine or substituted amine or polyamine;C. at least one aliphatic carboxylic acid or salt thereof, or a compound which will yield said carboxylic acid or salt thereof in solution, further characterized in that said aliphatic carboxylic acid or salt thereof additionally contains at least one substituent group selected from --NH.sub.2 or quaternary amine salts thereof, --OH, or --SH; andD. at least one phosphorus oxo acid or organic phosphorus oxo acid or salts thereof or alkyl phosphonate substituted amines.By nickel-iron alloy deposit is meant a deposit containing from about 5 to 90 percent by weight iron with that portion which is not iron being primarily nickel or nickel and cobalt.

Abstract: An improved method is provided to reproducibly obtain stannic oxide of a type suitable for polishing plastic lenses. The optical density, bulk density and color of the oxide are within specified limits.

Abstract: A composition and process for selectively removing nickel-iron alloys from a metal substrate which comprises contacting said metal surface with an aqueous bath containing:A. at least one nitro substituted organic compound containing at least one solubilizing group;B. at least one organic amine or polyamine or substituted amine or polyamine; andC. at least one aliphatic carboxylic acid or salt thereof, or a compound which will yield said carboxylic acid or salt thereof in solution, further characterized in that said aliphatic carboxylic acid or salt thereof additionally contains at least one substituent group selected from -NH.sub.2 or quaternary amine salts thereof, -OH, or -SH.By nickel-iron alloy deposit is meant a deposit containing from about 5 to 90 percent by weight iron with that portion which is not iron being primarily nickel or nickel and cobalt. Although small amounts of impurities such as copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, etc.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and composition for the preparation of an electrodeposit which contains; at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt or; binary or ternary alloys of the metals selected from nickel, iron, and cobalt; which comprises passing current from an anode to a cathode through an aqueous acidic electroplating solution containing at least one member selected from nickel compounds and cobalt compounds and which may additionally contain iron compounds providing nickel, cobalt and iron ions for electrodepositing nickel, cobalt, nickel-cobalt alloys, nickel-iron alloys, cobalt-iron alloys or nickel-iron-cobalt alloys; the improvement comprising the presence of 5.times.10.sup.-6 moles per liter to 0.5 moles per liter of a .beta.-substituted, .gamma.-substituted, or .beta.,.gamma.

Abstract: Triorganophosphines are prepared in high yield and purity by the simultaneous addition of an organomagnesium halide and a phosphorus trihalide to a reaction mixture in a 3:1 molar ratio, respectively. The reaction mixture also contains a linear ether or a heterocyclic ether wherein the ring contains 5 or 6 atoms.

Abstract: Flame retardant polymer compositions comprise stannic oxide hydrate in combination with hydrated zinc borate and a halogen source which may be the polymer itself. The zinc borate comprises from 50 to 65%, by weight of the oxide-borate mixture. Polymers that incorporate these flame retarding compositions exhibit improved flame retardant characteristics together with effective color stability in the presence of heat.

Abstract: Cellular polyurethane exhibiting excellent thermal and oxidative stability can be prepared using specified methyl-, allyl-, phenyl- or benzyltin compounds as the polymerization catalyst. These catalysts are hydrolytically stable over extended periods of time, and can therefore be incorporated into precursors or masterbatches for polyurethanes that contain water as the foaming agent.