Abstract: Vinyl chloride polymers suitable for use in food packaging materials are stabilized against discoloration and embrittlement resulting from exposure to heat using mono-n-octyltin compounds of the general formula H.sub.17 C.sub.8 Sn(SCH.sub.2 COOR').sub.3, wherein R' represents an alkyl radical containing eight carbon atoms.

Abstract: The properties of polymeric compositions can be improved by the presence of a polysiloxane unit of formula ##STR1## where Q is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group,Z is ##STR2## D is unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbylene R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each, independently, is unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl. x, y and z each independently has a value from 0 to 100.Polyimides containing these units display improved solubility and adhesion; they are useful, among other things, as protective coatings.

Abstract: The invention provides a hexavalent chromium plating bath containing chromic acid, an iodine releasing compound and/or a bromine releasing compound such as iodate, periodate, bromate or perbromate, and a carboxylate which is stable in the bath. Exemplary stable carboxylates include acetic acid, propionic acid, chloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, succinic acid, sulfoacetic acid, benzoic acid, picolinic acid, and nicotinic acid. Bright chromium deposits can be produced with these baths at high current efficiencies employing high temperatures with substantially no low current density etch.

Abstract: An adherent chromium deposit is obtained on a substrate by means of a process which involves applying an adherent iron containing deposit to the substrate, anodic treating the iron containing deposit and depositing chromium on the treated, iron containing deposit from a bath containing a halogen releasing compound selected from the group consisting of iodine releasing compounds, bromine releasing compounds and mixtures thereof. Supplemental catalysts such as sulfates, simple and complex fluorides, borates, carboxylates, chlorides, chlorates and perchlorates can also be present. The process can further include the step of activating the substrate in an acid bath or an iron or an iron alloy plating bath prior to iron plating from an iron salt containing bath.

Abstract: Nickel and/or zinc contamination can be handled by increasing the bath's level of tolerance to nickel and zinc, thereby eliminating the need to use precipitants. The instant invention relates to the use in a trivalent chromium bath contaminated with zinc and/or nickel, or an effective amount of a compound represented by the formula R-S, where S is selected from the group consisting of sulfinates, sulfonates, and the acids and soluble salts thereof, and R is either an aliphatic group having from 1 to 6 carbons, or an aromatic or heterocyclic group having up to 12 carbons. Preferably R is an unsaturated hydrocarbon and contains carbon to carbon unsaturation alpha or beta to the sulfur atom.

Abstract: In accordance with certain of its aspects this invention relates to a process and composition for the preparation of a nickel electrodeposit, which comprises passing current from an anode to a cathode through an aqueous acidic electroplating solution containing at least one member selected from nickel compounds; the improvement comprising the presence of(i) an acetylenic amine or substituted amine, aliphatic or aromatic; and(ii) a sulfonated acetylenic and salts thereof where the acetylenic bond and the sulfonate radical are connected by a carbon chain where C=1-6;for a time period sufficient to form a metal electroplate upon said cathode.

Abstract: An aqueous electroplating bath for nickel, cobalt, nickel-cobalt, nickel-iron, cobalt-iron or nickel-cobalt-iron is described which contains, as a brightening agent, a quaternary amine sulfobetaine of the formula ##STR1## wherein N.sup.+ is a heterocyclic tertiary amine group,R is a halogen or lower alkyl group,R' is a hydrogen, lower alkyl or R"C(O)--groupR" is a lower alkyl group anda is 0-5.These brighteners may be prepared by the reaction of a heterocyclic tertiary amine with an alkali metal halohydrin sulfonate.

Abstract: Polyvinyl chloride polymers are made more heat degradation resistant by the incorporation of a diorganotin salt of an unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid ester and a hindered phenolic antioxidant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel class of organosilanes. The characteristic feature of these silanes is the presence of a hydantoin residue that is bonded to silicon through an alkylene group.

Abstract: The properties of polymeric compositions can be improved by the presence of a polysiloxane unit of formula ##STR1## where Q is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group,Z is ##STR2## D is unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbylene R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each, independently, is unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl.x, y and z each independently has a value from 0 to 100.Polyimides containing these units display improved solubility and adhesion; they are useful, among other things as protective coatings.

Abstract: A portion of the tin compounds conventionally employed to cure polymer compositions containing hydroxyl and isocyanate groups can be replaced by salts or chelated coordination complexes of divalent copper, zinc, nickel, iron, cobalt or vanadium without any substantial decrease in cure rate or solvent resistance of the cured coating.

Abstract: A coating hood adapted to uniformly apply protective coatings to the exterior of hot glass containers is disclosed. The hood comprises a tunnel for allowing the containers to pass therethrough, and an adjustable top for accommodating containers of various sizes. At least two jet slots are located in each side wall, and at least two receiver slots in the opposite side wall are aligned therewith. The jet slots and the suction slots are interspersed opposite to each other in each side wall. The coating compound is introduced through at least one feedpoint, and blowers secured to the side walls furnish high velocity air containing the coating compound. Baffles are situated in the flow path of the high velocity air so that the jets issuing from the jet slots are well defined. Two or more closed recirculating loops are defined by the judicious selection of blowers, jet slots and receivers.

Abstract: Monoalkyl tin derivatives of mercaptoacetic acid esters, such as mono-n-octyltin-S,S', S"-tris(isooctyl mercaptoacetate), are useful as food-grade stabilizers for vinyl halide polymers.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with the electrodeposition of copper from an aqueous acidic bath containing the following additives:a. An alkylated polyalkyleneimine obtained as the reaction product of a polyalkyleneimine represented by the formula :H.sub.2 N--(CH.sub.2).sub.n NH--Rwherein R is H or (CH.sub.2).sub.n NH.sub.2 and n=1 to 6 with an epihalohydrin and an alkylating agent; an organic sulfo sulfonate; a polyether; and optionally a thioorganic compound.

Abstract: Sterically-hindered triorganotin compounds of the general formula ##STR1## effectively combat fungi and mites when applied to objects, particularly plants, that are susceptible to attack by these organisms. The present compounds are particularly advantageous in that they are considerably less phytotoxic than homologous triorganotin compounds wherein the hydrocarbon radicals contain between 4 and 6 carbon atoms (e.g. n-butyl and n-hexyl radicals). In the foregoing formulae X is selected from the group consisting of a chlorine, bromine, fluorine, hydroxyl, cyanide, carbamate, thiocarbamate, amide (NH.sub.2), amino (NR.sub.2.sup.1 or NR.sup.1 H), nitrate, enolate, carboxylate ##STR2## phenoxy, alkoxy (--OR.sup.1) and mercaptide (--SR.sup.1) radical wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl or aryl radical containing between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, inclusive, Y is an oxygen, sulfur, or a sulfate radical and n is an integer between 0 and 4, inclusive.

Abstract: Asymmetrically substituted triorganotin compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrocarbyl or --R.sup.2 COOR.sup.3 where R.sup.2 is alkylene and R.sup.3 is hydrocarbyl;X is halogen, hydroxyl, R.sup.4 COO-- where R.sup.4 is hydrocarbyl, --OR.sup.4, --SR.sup.4, --SR.sup.5 COOR.sup.4 where R.sup.5 is alkylene, ##STR2## carbamate or dithiocarbamate; Y is chlorine or bromine;Z is halogen, alkyl, trihalomethyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, phenyl or methylsulfonyl;a is 0 or 1 andA is oxygen or sulfurare useful fungicides and exhibit little or no phytotoxicity.

Abstract: Many varieties of harmful insects which attack useful plant crops can be controlled by treating the plants with compositions containing certain novel tetraorganotin compounds wherein three of the four hydrocarbon groups bonded to the tin atom are methyl and the remaining group is phenyl containing specified substituents or heterocyclic and is either bonded directly to the tin atom or separated from the tin atom by one methylene group. The present compounds exhibit unexpectedly superior insecticidal activity relative to prior art organotin compounds containing three methyl groups and a phenyl or an alkyl- substituted phenyl group bonded to the tin atom.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams exhibiting excellent thermal and oxidative stability can be prepared using as the polymerization or gel catalyst a composition containing at least one organotin compound containing phosphorus and at least one organotin compound wherein a halogen atom is bonded to tin or phosphorus. The terminal properties of foams obtained using the present catalyst compositions are superior to those exhibited by foams prepared using gel catalyst compositions wherein tin, phosphorus and a halogen are present but the phosphorus and halogen are not in the same molecule as the tin atom. The halogen containing tin compound and the phosphorus-containing tin compound may be identical or different. The recovery properties of the foam can be improved by the presence of a carboxylic acid in the catalyst composition.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting benzene formation in rosin-based antifouling paints which involves adding trialkyl tin oxide or hydroxide to the paints.

Abstract: The combination of a conventional antimony- or bismuth-containing heat stabilizers with certain aromatic esters or aryloxides containing boron, phosphorus, silicon, antimony, tin or zinc interacts synergistically to provide an unexpectedly high level of heat stability to halogen-containing polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In addition the aromatic ester or aryloxide inhibits spontaneous degradation of the heat stabilizing component in the presence of heat and/or light.