Abstract: A method for recording character or marking signals by multi-beam laser technique, in which the characters are recorded in multi-rastered bands in such a way that the character information is inverted, whereby the recording surface is illuminated by the laser beams at each location that do not comprise characters or marks. In character locations the surface is not illuminated. The gaps between adjacent bands are illuminated by separate band gap illuminating laser beams. By using this method the electrophotographic image recording can be solved by means of conventional inexpensive positive copiers in which image reversal does not take place. The apparatus for carrying out the method comprises a Bragg cell, a control unit for producing several raster scanning laser beams, and oscillators for generating additional band gap illuminating laser beams. An inverting unit is inserted in the path between the information source and the control unit to perform electronic image reversal.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for controlling a multi-beam acousto-optical cell in which Bragg diffraction is used for the generation of a plurality of outgoing laser beams, in which the acousto-optical cell has at least one ultrasonic transducer from which the outgoing laser beams are coming out in a common plane, the circuit arrangement comprises VHF or UHF oscillators coupled through respective control stages to the ultrasonic transducers. The frequency of each oscillator defines the diffraction angle of an associated outgoing laser beam the intensity of which is dependent from the amplitude of the oscillator. The passage of the oscillator outputs towards the respective ultrasonic transducers is controlled by the control stages according to predetermined operational requirements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of a supported metal catalyst containing at least one metal belonging to Group A and optionally at least one metal belonging to Group B, wherein Group A encompasses the metals palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, platinum, iridium, osmium, silver, gold and cadmium and Group B encompasses the metals zinc, mercury, germanium, tin, antimony and lead. According to the invention, the metal(s) is (are) applied onto the support in the presence of at least one compound of the general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each stands for a straight-chained or branched C.sub.1-20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-4 hydroxyalkyl group or a phenyl-(C.sub.1-4 alkyl) group optionally having additional substituents, preferably C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups, on the phenyl ring, andX is hydroxy group or the residue of an organic or mineral acid.According to the invention, highly active catalysts can be prepared by an easy and economical process.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the volume rate of flow of flowing fluids by means of a flow meter, called rotameter, in which a linear light source and a plurality of light sensing means are engaged along diametrically opposing generatrices of the transparent measuring tube of the rotameter, and the float in the measuring tube intercepts the light path so that the state of illumination of the light sensing means corresponds to the position of the float in the rotameter tube, and the outputs of the light sensing means are combined in a logical circuit to produce a signal combination representing said float position.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the differential thermal analysis of materials includes heating a first sample to be investigated and a reference sample by radiation heat transfer from respective separated radiation sources, controlling both sources according to a predetermined temperature program for the samples, interposing an element that partly transmits radiation between each of the samples and their associated sources, sensing the temperature difference between the elements, controlling one of the radiation sources in response to the temperature difference to equalize the temperature of the elements and measuring the temperature difference between the samples during the temperature program.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of highly accurate and stable silver-silver salt reference electrode. According to the invention a homogeneous mixture is formed from silver powder and a powdered silver salt, then a paste is prepared by blending the mixture with a liquid binding agent capable of adhering to metals, applying the paste onto the surface of an electrode base, allowing the paste to harden and then subjecting the electrode to a heat treatment between 100.degree. C. and 250.degree. C. In this latter step a porous silver-silver salt layer is formed on the metal base, which renders the electrode highly accurate and stable.Ion selective measuring electrodes are prepared essentially in the same manner with the difference that silver is replaced partly or entirely by graphit.

Abstract: An instrumental measuring method for determining the size-distribution of grained material is described in which the material is evenly distributed in a fluid then the fluid is let in rest state when the materials gets sedimenting, and during sedimentation the hydrostatic pressure is continuously measured in at least two height regions of the fluid preferably by appropriate pressure sensitive transistors and the difference of the measured hydrostatic pressures is characteristic of the size-distribution of the grained material on the basis of the well-known Stokes' relation.

Abstract: An improved method for examining an at least partially transparent dispersed system which is trans-illuminated by a laser beam directed to a surface region of a photosensitive recording means is disclosed. The improvement is characterized by the steps of: producing a reference laser beam from the trans-illuminating laser beam before it passes through the dispersed system; directing the reference laser beam directly to a first portion of the surface region; optically recording the resulting interference pattern on the surface region, whereby the surface region comprises an off-line holographic record of the dispersed system in a first portion in which both the through-going and the reference laser beams are recorded and an in-line holographic record of the dispersed system in a second portion; and, reconstructing the in-line and off-line holographic records on disjunct fields of the region to provide appropriate, separately evaluable images of the dispersed system.

Abstract: Process is provided for the creation of crystal aggregates in one part of a tank by heat transfer from a fluid disposed in another part of the tank and maintained by heating or by cooling at a different temperature than the part containing the crystal aggregates. Both of these parts are separated from each other by a flexible membrane which is pulsated by dynamic local pressure differentials caused by foaming or by fluidizing the heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: Two substantially identically patterned transparencies, i.e. a master photomask and a copy thereof, are compared with each other by transluminating the master with an object beam, producing a hologram of that master by letting the object beam interfere with a reference beam from a common source of coherent light such as a laser, placing the copy in the path of the object beam formerly occupied by the master, and positioning the developed hologram at the intersection of the two beams to generate a compound beam of zero intensity if the two transparencies are identical. The luminous energy of the compound beam thus varies inversely with the degree of equivalency of the two transparencies. The compound beam may be imaged onto a receiving surface, with certain areas thereof blocked out to eliminate error indications from insignificant (e.g. marginal) zones.

Abstract: The invention relates to equipment for the investigation or optimization of the properties and/or raising methods of organisms, having a growth or breeding surface and/or space for the treatment and/or investigation of the organisms, and, if desired, sensory units for recording the values of environmental factors affecting the organisms and/or the properties of the organisms. According to the invention, the equipment has one or more treating and/or controlling units creating continuous or varying regular distributions acting in diverse directions with respect to at least two environmental factors.With the help of the equipment according to the invention, the properties of organisms and the effects and interactions of the conditions under which they are raised can be elucidated and optimized in a simple manner, using a minimum number of experimental individua, a minimum amount of material and an extremely short experimental period.

Abstract: Liquid radioactive wastes are concentrated to form a pasty radioactive concentrate by evaporation below the boiling point of the waste by injecting a hot gaseous medium tangentially in a vortex stream over the entire surface of the liquid waste, thereby entraining vapor evaporated from the liquid surface, removing the gaseous medium together with the entrained vapor, drying and reheating the removed gaseous medium and recirculating it in a vortex stream over the surface of the waste, which may then be stored in the same container in which the evaporation took place.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel selective hydrogenating catalysts comprising at least one platinum group component and at least one of a group IB or group IIB component. These catalysts are prepared by depositing and reducing an ion, complex or hydroxide of at least one metal belonging to the platinum group together with an ion, complex or hydroxide of at least one metal belonging to either of groups IB and IIB of the Periodic System.

Abstract: An aqueous micronutrient fertilizer foliage spray solution for plants cultivated on peat soils which comprises 0.1 to 5% Mn.sup.2.sup.+ 0.03 to 1.2% Cu.sup.2.sup.+ and 0 to 1.6% Fe.sup.2.sup.+ ions with reference the total weight of the solution and having a weight ratio of Cu.sup.2.sup.+ to Mn.sup.2.sup.+ between 1:3 to 1:6, said solution being aqueous and containing tartaric acid in an amount of 0.05 to 2% by weight and 0.02 to 0.8% by weight of a chelating agent. The solution having a pH of 4 to 6.

Abstract: A pipe joint that interconnects two pipe sections or bosses for relative rotational movement about an axis that is noncoincident with the axis of at least one of the bosses and preferably noncoincident with the axis of both of the bosses. A rotary valve member rotates about that axis and has a bore therethrough that does not coincide with that axis, although preferably that axis and the axis of the bore intersect in the plane of the joint between the pipe sections. A valve operator may be disposed either in the plane of the intersection of the pipe sections, or else along the axis of rotation of the blocking and regulating element, that axis being perpendicular to that plane. The angle between the axis of the bore and the axis of rotation of the blocking and regulating element, is greater than zero but less than 90.degree. and preferably about 45.degree.. The valve operator can be a ring or handle disposed in the meridian plane of the pipe sections, or an axially protruding knob.

Abstract: A process for the continuous drying of chemical products by milling fluidization, in which a fluidized bed of particles of an inert carrier, e.g., quartz sand having a particle diameter of 0.5-1.0 mm., is maintained and the chemical product to be dried is introduced in a wet state, e.g., wet solid or paste or suspension, into the fluidized carrier bed. The chemical product dries on the surface of the inert carrier particles and dry particles of the chemical product leave the relatively large and heavy carrier particles and are carried off in the exit gas. The carrier particles, however, are too large and heavy to leave in the exit gas and so remain in the fluidized bed. If desired, the dried product particles can be further dried, for example by additional drying gas in a cyclone chamber, after which the dried particles are separated from the gas which can be vented and/or recycled.