Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a handheld multi-parameter patient monitor capable of determining multiple physiological parameters from the output of a light sensitive detector capable of detecting light attenuated by body tissue. For example, in an embodiment, the monitor is capable of advantageously and accurately displaying one or more of pulse rate, plethysmograph data, perfusion quality, signal confidence, and values of blood constituents in body tissue, including for example, arterial carbon monoxide saturation (“HbCO”), methemoglobin saturation (“HbMet”), total hemoglobin (“Hbt”), arterial oxygen saturation (“SpO2”), fractional arterial oxygen saturation (“SpaO2”), or the like. In an embodiment, the monitor advantageously includes a plurality of display modes enabling more parameter data to be displayed than the available physical display real estate.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a handheld multi-parameter patient monitor capable of determining multiple physiological parameters from the output of a light sensitive detector capable of detecting light attenuated by body tissue. For example, in an embodiment, the monitor is capable of advantageously and accurately displaying one or more of pulse rate, plethysmograph data, perfusion quality, signal confidence, and values of blood constituents in body tissue, including for example, arterial carbon monoxide saturation (“HbCO”), methemoglobin saturation (“HbMet”), total hemoglobin (“Hbt”), arterial oxygen saturation (“SpO2”), fractional arterial oxygen saturation (“SpaO2”), or the like. In an embodiment, the monitor displays a line associated with a patient wellness level.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a handheld multi-parameter patient monitor capable of determining multiple physiological parameters from the output of a light sensitive detector capable of detecting light attenuated by body tissue. For example, in an embodiment, the monitor is capable of advantageously and accurately displaying one or more of pulse rate, plethysmograph data, perfusion quality, signal confidence, and values of blood constituents in body tissue, including for example, arterial carbon monoxide saturation (“HbCO”), methemoglobin saturation (“HbMet”), total hemoglobin (“Hbt”), arterial oxygen saturation (“SpO2”), fractional arterial oxygen saturation (“SpaO2”), or the like. In an embodiment, the monitor advantageously includes a plurality of display modes enabling more parameter data to be displayed than the available physical display real estate.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a handheld multi-parameter patient monitor capable of determining multiple physiological parameters from the output of a light sensitive detector capable of detecting light attenuated by body tissue. For example, in an embodiment, the monitor is capable of advantageously and accurately displaying one or more of pulse rate, plethysmograph data, perfusion quality, signal confidence, and values of blood constituents in body tissue, including for example, arterial carbon monoxide saturation (“HbCO”), methemoglobin saturation (“HbMet”), total hemoglobin (“Hbt”), arterial oxygen saturation (“SpO2”), fractional arterial oxygen saturation (“SpaO2”), or the like. In an embodiment, the monitor advantageously includes a plurality of display modes enabling more parameter data to be displayed than the available physical display real estate.

Abstract: Small Molecule Metabolite Reporters (SMMRs) for use as in vivo glucose biosensors, sensor compositions, and methods of use, are described. The SMMRs include boronic acid-containing xanthene, coumarin, carbostyril and phenalene-based small molecules which are used for monitoring glucose in vivo, advantageously on the skin.

Abstract: A cable is capable of communicating signals between a monitor and a physiological sensor. The monitor is capable of activating individual light emitters of an emitter array arranged in an electrical grid by driving at least one of row drive lines and at least one of column drive lines of the electrical grid. The cable has a first row input, a first column input, a second row input and a second column input. The cable also has a first output which combines the first row input and the first column input and a second output which combines the second row input and the second column input. The inputs are adapted to connect to electrical grid drive lines of a monitor. Further, the outputs are adapted to connect to contacts of a physiological sensor having back-to-back configured LEDs in electrical communication with the contacts.

Abstract: Small Molecule Metabolite Reporters (SMMRs) for use as in vivo glucose biosensors, sensor compositions, and methods of use, are described. The SMMRs include boronic acid-containing xanthene, coumarin, carbostyril and phenalene-based small molecules which are used for monitoring glucose in vivo, advantageously on the skin.

Abstract: Small Molecule Metabolite Reporters (SMMRs) for use as in vivo glucose biosensors, sensor compositions, and methods of use, are described. The SMMRs include boronic acid-containing xanthene, coumarin, carbostyril and phenalene-based small molecules which are used for monitoring glucose in vivo, advantageously on the skin.

Abstract: Confidence in a physiological parameter is measured from physiological data responsive to the intensity of multiple wavelengths of optical radiation after tissue attenuation. The physiological parameter is estimated based upon the physiological data. Reference data clusters are stored according to known values of the physiological parameter. At least one of the data clusters is selected according to the estimated physiological parameter. The confidence measure is determined from a comparison of the selected data clusters and the physiological data.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for detecting and calculating the level of ambient and/or environmental noise, such as electromagnetic interference generated by electric power lines, ambient lights, light dimmers, television or computer displays, power supplies or transformers, and medical equipment. In some embodiments, the system performs frequency analysis on the interference signal detected by light photodetectors and determines the power of the interference signal concentrated in the analyzed frequency bands. The worst-case interference level can be determined by selecting the maximum from the computed power values. In some embodiments, the determined interference signal power can be compared with the noise tolerance of a patient monitoring system configured to reliably and non-invasively detect physiological parameters of a user. The results of the comparison can be presented to the user audio-visually. In some embodiments, the system can be used to perform spot check measurements of electromagnetic interference.

Abstract: Sensors are attached to a living being so as to generate corresponding sensor signals. A monitor is in communications with the sensors so as to derive physiological parameters responsive to the sensor signals. Predetermined limits are applied to the physiological parameters. At least one indicator responsive to the physiological parameters and the predetermined limits signal the onset of a sepsis condition in the living being.

Abstract: Instruments and methods are described for performing non-invasive measurements of analyte levels and for monitoring, analyzing and regulating tissue status, such as tissue glucose levels.

Abstract: A physiological monitor utilizes rotation measurements to estimate mean photon pathlengths through tissue. These pathlength estimates, along with corresponding optical spectroscopy measurements allow the noninvasive monitoring of blood constituent concentrations. The technique is particularly applicable to noninvasive blood glucose measurements. The physiological monitor has a polarized light source for illuminating tissue and a magnetic field generator which creates a magnetic field within the tissue during illumination. The magnetic field imparts a rotation in the plane of polarization of the incident light beam as it propagates through the tissue and emerges as a transmitted light beam. A polarimeter is used to measure the rotation of the transmitted light. A signal processor then computes an estimate of the mean pathlength from the polarimeter output. The polarized light source has a multiple wavelength optical emitter and, in conjunction with the polarimeter detector, also functions as a spectrometer.

Abstract: An improved photodiode detector shielding apparatus and method are provided which shield a photodiode detector from electromagnetic interference and ambient light, without affecting the wavelengths of light that reach the photodiode. The improved photodiode detector shield has two layers. A bottom layer is substantially made from an electrically conducting material and is fixed over a photodiode in order to shield it from EMI and ambient light. A top layer is substantially made from a lustrous, shiny, reflective material that reflects an equal amount of light across a band of wavelengths. Both layers have areas with optically transmissive openings, which are aligned to allow for the unobstructed passage of light of a band of wavelengths to the photodiode. Light within a band of wavelengths is evenly reflected off the top of the first surface and also reaches the photodiode.

Abstract: A physiological sensor has light emitting sources, each activated by addressing at least one row and at least one column of an electrical grid. The light emitting sources are capable of transmitting light of multiple wavelengths and a detector is responsive to the transmitted light after attenuation by body tissue.

Abstract: A physiological sensor has emitters configured to transmit optical radiation having multiple wavelengths in response to corresponding drive currents. A thermal mass is disposed proximate the emitters so as to stabilize a bulk temperature for the emitters. A temperature sensor is thermally coupled to the thermal mass. The temperature sensor provides a temperature sensor output responsive to the bulk temperature so that the wavelengths are determinable as a function of the drive currents and the bulk temperature.

Abstract: A physiological measurement system has a sensor, a processor, a communications link and information elements. The sensor is configured to transmit light having a plurality of wavelengths into a tissue site and to generate a sensor signal responsive to the transmitted light after tissue attenuation. The processor is configured to operate on the sensor signal so as to derive at least one physiological parameter. The communications link is adapted to provide communications between the sensor and the processor. The information elements are distributed across at least one of the sensor, the processor and the communications link and provide operational information corresponding to at least one of the sensor, the processor and the communications link.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an emitter that is suitable for a noninvasive blood constituent sensor. The emitter is configured as a point optical source that comprises a plurality of LEDs that emit a sequence of pulses of optical radiation across a spectrum of wavelengths. In some embodiments, the plurality of sets of optical sources may each comprise at least one top-emitting LED and at least one super luminescent LED. In some embodiments, the emitter comprises optical sources that transmit optical radiation in the infrared or near-infrared wavelengths suitable for detecting glucose. In order to achieve the desired SNR for detecting analytes like glucose, the emitter may be driven using a progression from low power to higher power. In addition, the emitter may have its duty cycle modified to achieve a desired SNR.

Abstract: A blood constituent monitoring method for inducing an active pulse in the blood volume of a patient. The induction of an active pulse results in a cyclic, and periodic change in the flow of blood through a fleshy medium under test. By actively inducing a change of the blood volume, modulation of the volume of blood can be obtained to provide a greater signal to noise ratio. This allows for the detection of constituents in blood at concentration levels below those previously detectable in a non-invasive system. Radiation which passes through the fleshy medium is detected by a detector which generates a signal indicative of the intensity of the detected radiation. Signal processing is performed on the electrical signal to isolate those optical characteristics of the electrical signal due to the optical characteristics of the blood.