Abstract: The subject matter disclosed herein is generally directed to modulating T cell dysfunctional and effector states by modulating glucocorticoid and IL-27 signaling. The invention further relates to modulating immune states, such as CD8 T cell immune states, in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro. The invention further relates to diagnostic and screening methods.

Abstract: Thin films of lithium-containing materials and methods for fabricating them are generally described. In some embodiments, the formation of a first vapor is induced from a first target and the formation of a second vapor is induced from a second target, resulting in the formation of a thin film. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the formation of the first vapor and the formation of the second vapor occurs under vacuum conditions. In some embodiments, the thin film has a relatively high ionic conductivity, mixed ionic/electronic conductivity, or other properties beneficial for applications such as active electrode materials or solid-state electrolytes.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and compositions related to the recycling and/or recovery of activating materials from activated aluminum are disclosed. In one embodiment, an aqueous solution's composition may be controlled to maintain aluminum ions dissolved in solution during reaction of an activated aluminum. In another embodiment, aluminum hydroxide containing the activating materials may be dissolved into an aqueous solution to isolate the activating materials.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally related to separators for use in lithium metal batteries, and associated systems and products. Certain embodiments are related to separators that form or are repaired when an electrode is held at a voltage. In some embodiments, an electrochemical cell may comprise an electrolyte that comprises a precursor for the separator.

Abstract: A system and method of generating ammonia can include an acid and an ammonia precursor.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes photonic materials that reversibly change color in response to the material being stretched or otherwise mechanically deformed.

Abstract: System, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to training a scene simulator for rendering 2D scenes using data from real and simulated agents. In one embodiment, a method includes acquiring trajectories and three-dimensional (3D) views for multiple agents from observations of real vehicles. The method also includes generating a 3D scene having the multiple agents using the 3D views and information from simulated agents. The method also includes training a scene simulator to render scene projections using the 3D scene. The method also includes outputting a 2D scene having simulated observations for a driving scene using the scene simulator.

Abstract: Provided herein is a photonic integrated circuit and methods for controlling a photonic integrated circuit that can utilize the resonant frequency of one or more components of the photonic integrated circuit to enhance the response of the circuit. At least one component of the photonic integrated circuit can be driven by an electrical signal whose frequency is substantially equal to the mechanical resonance frequency of the component such that the response of the optical component is increased. The component of the photonic integrated circuit can include a phase shifter that can impart a phase shift on a received optical signal. By driving the phase shifter with an electrical signal that is equal to the mechanical resonance frequency of the optical phase shifter, less power can be required to impart a desired phase shift on a received optical signal. The optical components can be implemented using piezoelectric cantilevers.

Abstract: The invention provides for systems, methods, and compositions for manipulation of sequences and/or activities of target sequences. Provided are vectors and vector systems, some of which encode one or more components of a CRISPR complex, as well as methods for the design and use of such vectors. Also provided are methods of directing CRISPR complex formation in eukaryotic cells and methods for selecting specific cells by introducing precise mutations utilizing the CRISPR/Cas system.

Abstract: Articles and methods for processing aluminum are generally described. The aluminum can include compositions of gallium and/or indium such that the aluminum is activated to react with water.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the fabrication of composite materials are generally described. Certain inventive methods and systems can be used to fabricate composite materials with few or no defects. According to certain embodiments, composite materials are fabricated without the use of an autoclave. In some embodiments, composite materials are fabricated in low pressure environments.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing multi-material fibers having one or more electrically-connectable devices disposed therein are described. In certain instances, the methods include the steps of: positioning the electrically-connectable device(s) within a corresponding pocket provided in a preform material; positioning a first electrical conductor longitudinally within a first conduit provided in the preform material; and drawing the multi-material fiber by causing the preform material to flow, such that the first electrical conductor extends within the multi-material fiber along a longitudinal axis thereof and makes an electrical contact with a first electrode located on each electrically-connectable device. A metallurgical bond may be formed between the first electrical conductor and the first electrode while drawing the multi-material fiber and/or, after drawing the multi-material fiber, the first electrical conductor may be located substantially along a neutral axis of the multi-material fiber.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the generation of tunable coloration and/or interference from, for example, surfaces, emulsion droplets and particles. Embodiments described herein may be useful for generation of tunable electromagnetic radiation such as coloration (e.g., iridescence, structural color) and/or interference patterns from, for example, surfaces (e.g., comprising a plurality of microdomes and/or microwells), emulsion droplets and/or particles. In some embodiments, the surfaces, interfaces, droplets, and/or particles produce visible color (e.g., structural color) without the need for dyes.

Abstract: A spectrally multiplexed quantum repeater (SMuQR) based on spatially arrayed nodes of frequency-multiplexed multi-qubit registers uses the natural inhomogeneous distribution of optical transition frequencies in solid state defect centers. This distribution enables spectrally selective, individual addressing of large numbers of defect centers within an optical diffraction limited spot along a long cavity or waveguide. The spectral selection relies on frequency shifting an incident optical field at a rate as fast as once per defect center lifetime. The defect centers are resonant at visible frequencies and emit visible single photons which are down-converted to a wavelength compatible with long-distance transmission via conventional optical fiber. The down-converted photons are all at the same telecommunications wavelength, with the different spectral bins mapped to different temporal bins to preserve the multiplexing in the time domain, for distribution to other nodes in the quantum network.

Abstract: A reticle transport system having a magnetically levitated transportation stage is disclosed. Such a system may be suitable for use in vacuum environments, for example, ultra-clean vacuum environments. A magnetic levitated linear motor functions to propel the transportation stage in a linear direction along a defined axis of travel and to magnetically levitate the transportation stage.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for multi-resolution processing for video classification. A plurality of video frames of a video are obtained and a resolution for classifying each video frame of the plurality of video frames is determined by analyzing each video frame using a policy network. Based on the determined resolution, each video frame having a determined resolution is rescaled and each rescaled video frame is routed to a classifier of a backbone network that corresponds to the determined resolution. Each rescaled video frame is classified using the corresponding classifier of the backbone network to obtain a plurality of classifications and the classifications are averaged to determine an action classification of the video.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and compositions for site-specific genetic engineering using Programmable Addition via Site-Specific Targeting Elements (PASTE). PASTE comprises the addition of an integration site into a target genome followed by the insertion of one or more genes of interest or one or more nucleic acid sequences of interest at the site. PASTE combines gene editing technologies and integrase technologies to achieve unidirectional incorporation of genes in a genome for the treatment of diseases and diagnosis of disease.

Abstract: Methods of sensing carbon dioxide, sensors, and related articles and systems are generally described.

Abstract: An orbital tensile drive is herein disclosed, along with systems and methods associated therewith. The orbital tensile drive uses a tensile element that is conveyed around a static, fixed shaft and a rotating output shaft. This is facilitated via multiple orbiting idler pulleys that are mounted to an orbiter body. The static and rotating shafts, as well as the orbiting assembly, share a common axis. Input rotation to the orbiter body is transformed into lower-speed, higher-torque rotation at the rotating output shaft. The present invention has many potential applications including, but not limited to, robotics.

Abstract: As described below, disclosed herein are methods of analyzing DNA methylation in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and genomic DNA (gDNA) from sequencing data.