Abstract: A bonding layer for bonding resin is provided that is formed on a copper surface, and contains an alloy of: (a) copper; (b) tin; and (c) at least one type of metal (third metal) selected from the group consisting of: silver, zinc, aluminum, titanium, bismuth, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, palladium, gold, and platinum. The copper is contained in an amount of 1 to 50 atom %, the tin is contained in an amount of 20 to 98 atom %, and the third metal is contained in an amount of 1 to 50 atom %. The bonding layer has a thickness of not less than 0.001 &mgr;m and not more than 1 &mgr;m. Thus, adhesion between copper and resin can be enhanced.

Abstract: A surface of copper is brought into contact with an aqueous solution for forming a bonding layer for bonding resin comprising: (a) at least one type of acid selected from inorganic acid and organic acid; (b) tin salt or tin oxide; (c) salt or oxide of at least one type of metal selected from the group consisting of: silver, zinc, aluminum, titanium, bismuth, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, palladium, gold, and platinum; (d) a reaction accelerator; and (e) a diffusive retaining solvent, so that an alloy layer of tin and the at least one type of metal selected in (c) is formed on the surface of the copper.

Abstract: A high-speed wire spring forming apparatus capable of easily adjusting a coil diameter is provided that includes: a wire feeder having a pair of feeding rollers (22) for feeding a wire (1) to a spring forming stage (100) via a quill (10) serving as a wire guide; a revolving mechanism (30) for revolving the feeding rollers (22) about the axis (X1) of the wire (1) to twist the wire (1) fed out of the leading end of the quill (10) to change the circumferential position, or angular position, of the wire (1); and a multiplicity of spring forming tools (120) arranged radially on a spring forming stage (100), each of the spring forming tools (100) movable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis (X1) of the wire (1).

Abstract: A micro-etching composition and a printed circuit board fabricated by using the micro-etching composition are provided. The micro-etching composition, comprising a main ingredient consisting of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide and an assisting ingredient consisting of phenyltetrazole and a chloride ion source, can continuously treat the surface of copper and copper alloys to produce fine microscopic pits for improved adhesion to resins without producing a brown or black deposit. The printed circuit board exhibits excellent adhesion between inner layer circuit patterns and insulation resin layers, and is free from haloing.

Abstract: A laminate is made by adhering at least one metal layer selected from the group consisting of copper and a copper alloy to a resin layer. A coating film of an azole-copper complex compound formed by a contact with an aqueous solution containing an azole compound in an range from 0.1 mass % to 15 mass % and an organic acid in a range from 1 mass % to 80 mass % is formed on the metal layer surface, and the metal layer adheres to the resin layer via the coating film of the azole-copper complex compound. Thereby, the present invention provides a laminate with improved adhesion between a surface of copper or a copper alloy and resin in a multilayered printed circuit board, and also a method of manufacturing the laminate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a printed circuit board includes: washing a land that corresponds to the exposed portion of a copper circuit of a printed circuit board with acidic electrolytic water having a pH of not more than 5 to remove an oxide; treating the land with basic electrolytic water having a pH of not less than 9 to prevent oxidation; and soldering electronic components to the land. The portion to be soldered is treated with the electrolytic water beforehand, thereby improving soldering at low cost without any adverse effect on the environment.

Abstract: An alpha wave generation apparatus has a voltage controller including a first resistor connected in parallel to an adapter jack and a battery, a converter for supplying power to a microcomputer, a first coil and a diode connected in series between the first resistor and an input terminal of the converter, a second resistor for maintaining an input voltage to the microcomputer constant in level, and a capacitor being charged with an input voltage to the converter or discharging it. The alpha wave generation apparatus generates alpha waves of 4 Hz, 8 Hz, and 10 Hz which, for example, may be used to activate cerebral cells.

Abstract: Apparatus for feeding items of pharmaceutical product to pockets in a continuously travelling web for the production of blister packs has a plurality of product delivery chutes mounted on a moving carriage having delivery gates for releasing product from the delivery chutes. The carriage cycles the delivery chutes from a stationary position under stationary metering chutes, where product is transferred into the delivery chutes, accelerating and lowering them into alignment with pockets in the travelling web, where product is released, and raising and returning the delivery chutes to the stationary position to repeat the cycle.

Abstract: A laminate is made by adhering at least one metal layer selected from the group consisting of copper and a copper alloy to a resin layer. A coating film of an azole-copper complex compound formed by a contact with an aqueous solution containing an azole compound in an range from 0.1 mass % to 15 mass % and an organic acid in a range from 1 mass % to 80 mass % is formed on the metal layer surface, and the metal layer adheres to the resin layer via the coating film of the azole-copper complex compound. Thereby, the present invention provides a laminate with improved adhesion between a surface of copper or a copper alloy and resin in a multilayered printed circuit board, and also a method of manufacturing the laminate.

Abstract: Lubricants are taught that can quickly and easily form a lubricating layer on a metal surface of a metal before plastic processing. Such lubricants preferably include a primary lubricating agent or component having a bridge complex that satisfies the following conditions: (1) the complex contains at least two central metal atoms; (2) at least one first multidentate ligand forms a bridge between two central metal atoms; and (3) at least one second multidentate ligand is bound to at least one central metal atom and has at least one coordinating atom that can coordinate with metal atoms, but which is not coordinated with any of the central metal atoms or is only partially coordinated with at least one of those central metal atoms. A third multidentate ligand is preferably also bound to one of the central metal atoms and may preferably include at least two sulfur atoms that are coordinated to the central metal atom.

Abstract: An etchant for copper or copper alloys comprising 5-50 wt % of an alkanolamine, a copper ion source in the amount of 0.2-10 wt % as copper, a halide ion source in the amount of 0.005-10 wt % as halogen, 0.1-30 wt % of an aliphatic carboxylic acid, and the balance water, wherein the molar ratio of the alkanolamine to one mol of the aliphatic carboxylic acid is two or more. The etchant is free from problems such as instability of the liquid composition and unpleasant odor, has a high etching rate, exhibits only very slight corrosion even if a small amount of residue is left on the surface and is capable of producing a roughened surface when used for microetching.

Abstract: A device for selectively feeding threads in knitting machines or the like, which comprises a set of fixed stripers (3) arranged mutually side by side on the outer side of the needle bed or beds (4a,4b) of the machine. Each striper (3) has a passage (5) for a thread (6) to be fed to the needles (7) of the machine, and an element (8) for clamping and cutting the thread (6) arriving from the corresponding striper (3) is provided for each striper (3).

Abstract: Disclosed is a head base shift mechanism in an auto-reverse cassette tape recorder comprising a motor (2); a chassis (1) with a pair of capstans (41), (41′) rotatable in forward and reverse directions; a head base (15) slidably mounted on the chassis and carrying at least a head (16) substantially at a center of the head base; a pair of pinch rollers (17), (17′) for forward play and reverse play arranged in a substantially symmetric design at opposite sides of the head; spring means (23) for biasing the head base toward a stand-by position remote from a tape running plane (T) defined by and between the capstans; a pair of engagement members (272), (272′) engageable with the head base at a point offset from a center line (X) of the chassis; and rotation transmission means (10) for moving one of the engagement members, selected depending upon the direction of rotation of the motor, while in engagement with the head base at the offset point, thereby moving the head base from the stand-by positi

Abstract: A micro-etching composition and a printed circuit board fabricated by using the micro-etching composition are provided. The micro-etching composition, comprising a main ingredient consisting of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide and an assisting ingredient consisting of phenyltetrazole and a chloride ion source, can continuously treat the surface of copper and copper alloys to produce fine microscopic pits for improved adhesion to resins without producing a brown or black deposit. The printed circuit board exhibits excellent adhesion between inner layer circuit patterns and insulation resin layers, and is free from haloing.

Abstract: A rotational load applying mechanism for a tape recorder having a rotation transmission gear for rotating a reel base in engagement with a gear of the reel base, causing a rotary shaft of the rotation transmission gear to move with operational force acquired by a rotational load of the rotation transmission gear, comprises a rotary arm member made of plastic and rotatable together with the rotary shaft of the rotation transmission gear; and an elastic holder, formed on the arm member, for holding, with a pressure, an outer surface of a boss to be a bearing for the rotary shaft of the rotation transmission gear, thereby applying the rotational load to the rotation transmission gear.

Abstract: A mechanism for retaining one tape deck (12), of a double cassette tape player (14), into a temporal inoperative position, which comprises a trigger arm (40) rotatable about a first pivot (41) on a chassis (15) of the tape deck; a first spring (42) for biasing the trigger arm to rotate in a predetermined direction; a pause lever (50) slideable on the chassis of the tape deck; a second spring (54) for urging the pause lever to move in a predetermined direction; and actuating structure or a push lever (38) that is made operative in response to rotation of the motor to urge the trigger arm to rotate in an opposite direction against the first spring. The pause lever is allowed to be slid in the predetermined direction by the second spring when the trigger arm is caused by the push lever to rotate in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrical switch wherein material is cut out of a sheet or web (1) of electrically conductive material such that a plurality of sets of terminals (5, 6, 7) are formed integral with the sheet (1). A housing (not shown) is moulded onto each set of terminals such that the inner terminals (7) are within the housing. Operative elements are mounted in the housing. The moulding of the housings and the mounting of the elements are performed on a plurality of sets of terminals simultaneously. The individual switches are separated from the sheet (1) either by severing the terminals 5 at 15 and 25 and the terminals 6 at 16, thereby forming a switch with a short distance (fx 4 mm) between the terminal ends of terminals (16), or by severing the terminals 6 at 16 and 26 and the terminals 5 at 15, thereby forming a switch with a longer distance (fx 6 mm) between the terminal ends of terminal (15).

Abstract: An auto reverse mechanism in a tape recorder system having a single magnetic head for forward playback (recording) and a single magnetic head for reverse playback (recording), both mounted on a head base, comprises a select lever for selecting between forward and reverse modes, a main body plate for gear attachment, provided with a retaining groove for allowing the select lever to be manipulated in the direction of the selected mode, and a forked guide hole so formed as to permit the head base to move forward from the position of the select lever in the selected forward or reverse mode.

Abstract: A tape apparatus autostop mechanism including a head base for setting a driving apparatus in an operational mode; a lock plate that locks the head base at an operational position in response to movement of the head base; a sensor, attached coaxially to a fast forward gear always rotatable in synchronism with a reel base, following the fast forward gear under contact friction with the fast forward gear, the sensor being urged in a rotational direction of the fast forward gear by the contact friction with the fast forward gear; a swingable reset arm urged in one direction by torque of the sensor while the fast forward gear is rotating in right or left directions; a forward gear having an inner and an outer cam, for transmitting force to the reel base; a swingable reset arm arranged to contact the inner and outer cams and rotatably supported; and a reset spring that presses a kick arm, attached to the reset arm, against the inner and outer cams, whereby when the torque of the sensor disappears as the reel base s

Abstract: An autoreverse mechanism for a tape recorder having two fly-wheels and two pinch rollers for winding a tape in forward and reverse directions comprises a head mount plate designed in such a way that when the head mount plate moves toward a reproducing/recording position from a stop position and is locked there, the head mount plate moves while being inclined upper rightward or upper leftward, and is locked, and the two pinch rollers are separately pressed against the respective fly-wheels by using that inclination, thereby winding the tape.