Abstract: Pilocarpine is isolated from Pilocarpus from suspension cultures of from in vitro cultures of differentiated plants, where, to establish the in vitro cultures, specific culture media are used which differ in their hormone composition and which are used in a particular sequence.

Abstract: A liquid crystal phase consisting of at least three components A, B and C, each of which contains one or more compounds, wherein component A has a viscosity of at most about 25 mPa.s at 20.degree., a clearing point of at most 130.degree. and a dielectric anisotropy between about -2 and about +2, component B has a dielectric anisotropy above about +8, component C has a clearing point of more than 130.degree. and a dielectric anisotropy between about -2 and about +2, characterized in that component A contains at least one compound of the formula III ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 12 C atoms, in which in addition one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by O atoms, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- groups,R.sup.2 has one of the meanings of R.sup.1, ##STR2## Z.sup.1 is --CO--O--, --O--CO-- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, o is 1 or, if A.sup.

Abstract: Aryl-sulfur pentafluorides of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R, A, Z, n, m and X.degree. have the meaning indicated in claim 1 are suitable for use as components of liquid-crystal phases for field-effect and/or bi-stability effect displays.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I,R.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --[Z.sup.2 --A.sup.3 ].sub.m --R.sup.2 Iin which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and m have the meaning specified in patent claim 1, are suitable as components of smectic liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: The invention relates to photoinitiators having a combined structure ##STR1## and their use as photoinitiators in the photopolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds or binder systems containing them.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein Z is CR.sup.1 R.sup.2 (OR.sup.3) or phenyl,R.sup.1 being H, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl or phenyl,R.sup.2 being H, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl or C.sub.1-6 -alkoxy andR.sup.3 being H, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl or C.sub.1-6 -alkanoyl andZ' is Y-[(CH.sub.2).sub.m -X].sub.n -,X being CH.sub.2 or 0,Y being OH; COOH or SO.sub.3 H including the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts thereof and also the salts thereof with organic nitrogen bases; or NRR' in which R and R' are in each case H, C.sub.1-20 -alkyl or C.sub.1-4 -hydroxyalkyl, if appropriate quaternized or in the form of the acid addition salts, andn and m each being the numbers 1-4, are excellently suitable as photoinitiators for the photopolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, in particular in aqueous systems.

Abstract: Difluoromethylene compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --(A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1).sub.m --A.sup.2 --Q--CF.sub.2 --(A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2).sub.n --A.sup.4 --R.sup.2 Iin which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, m and n are as defined herein and Q is --CO--, --O-- or --S--, can be used as components of liquid-crystalline media for liquid-crystal and electrooptical display elements.

Abstract: Pyrimidines of the formula I ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl gorup of 1-15 C atoms in which in addition one or two nonadjacent Ch.sub.2 groups can be replaced by --0--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --CHY-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--, or is H, F, Cl or CN,X is --O--CH.sub.2 --R.sup.1, --S--R.sup.2, --NCS or --COO--A--R.sup.3,Y is halogen, CN or OH,R.sup.1 is an alkyl group of 1-15 C atoms, in which one or more nonadjacent CH.sub.2 groups are replaced by --O--, --CO--, --0--CO--, --CO--O--, --CHY-- and/or by --CH.dbd.CH--,R.sup.2 is an alkyl group of 1-15 C atoms, in which in addition one or two nonadjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --CHY-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--,A is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by F and/or Cl atoms and/or CH.sub.3 groups and/or CN groups, or is a single bond, andR.sup.3 is an alkyl group of 1-15 C atoms, in which in addition ne or two nonadjacent and, if A is a single bond, nonterminal CH.sub.

Abstract: Composition which form hydrogen bridges are suitable for the preparation of materials of non-linear optical properties.

Abstract: Novel benzoxazine derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 have the meanings defined herein, and salts thereof, exhibit effects on the cardiovascular system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display element with a particularly low temperature-dependence of the threshold voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to cyclic organometallic compounds which are intramolecularly stabilized and also to their use to produce thin films and epitaxial layers by gas-phase deposition.

Abstract: In a process for the reduction of ketones, the keto compounds are enantioselectively reduced to give secondary alcohols by means of microorganisms. Keto compounds of the formulaR.sup.3 NH--CHR.sup.1 --CO--CH.sub.2 --COOR.sup.2in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the meanings defined herein are used as starting compounds.

Abstract: New benzimidazolylpyridazinones of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a styryl or mononculear of binuclear heteroaryl radical which contains 1-4 heteroatoms, each of which is unsubstituted or singly or multiply substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, halogen, OH, SH, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, acylamino having 1-8 C atoms, nitro, COOH, COOalkyl and/or CN,R.sup.2 R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each H or alkyl andR.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each H, or together are a C--C bond, and in which the alkyl and alkoxy groups each contain 1-4 C atoms,and their salts, show positive inotropic, vasodilating and antithrombotic actions.

Abstract: Pearl luster pigments based on mica flakes coated with metal oxides are provided with a top coating of tin dioxide and/or cerium dioxide to improve their stability in glazes and enamels.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydroxyamines of the formula IR.sup.1 --CH(OH)--CH(NHR.sup.3)--R.sup.2 (I)whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are H or CH.sub.2 OH andR.sup.3 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl comprising reacting an oxo compound with an amine and reducing the resultant ketimine with a reducing agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to organometallic compounds which are stabilized intramolecularly and have a cyclic or bicyclic structure and to the use thereof for the preparation of thin films and epitaxial layers by gas phase deposition.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## where in x-y is --CO--CH.sub.2 --, --COCR.sup.10-, --CHOHCHR.sup.8-, --CH.dbd.CR.sup.8 -- or ##STR2## and R.sup.9 is various, R.sup.1 and R.sup.8 are alkyl, R.sub.2 is H or alkyl and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are alkylene, are disclosed as useful as intermediates for cardiovascular agents.

Abstract: The application relates to a preferably golden color luster pigment based on lamellar substrates, in particular mica, which have been coated with metal oxides, the metal oxide layer containing both titanium and iron and the pigment containing mainly a pseudobrookite layer formed by simultaneous precipitation of the metal oxides. This golden color luster pigment is suitable for cosmetic articles because of its physiological acceptability and is particularly suitable for silicate melts because of its resistance to heat and chemicals.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds of the formula II ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in each case denote an alkyl group having 1 to 15 C atoms, wherein one or more CH.sub.2 groups may also be replaced by a grouping selected from the group comprising --O--, --S--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --O--COO--, --CO--O--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --CH--halogen and --CHCN--, or else by a combination of two suitable groupings, two heteroatoms not being directly linked to each other,m denotes 0 or 1,Ar denotes 1,4-phenylene, 4,4'-biphenylyl or 2,6-naphthylene, wherein one or more CH groups are in each case replaced by N,Z denotes --C--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CHCN--, --CHCNCH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH or a single bond, andA denotes unsubstituted 1,4-cyclonexylene or 11,4-cyclohexylene substituted in position 1 or position 4 by CN,with the proviso that if A=unsubstituted 1,4-cyclonexylene, Z denotes --CHCNCH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 CHCN-- and/or at least one CH.sub.