Abstract: The heat exchanger comprises a first and a second stage (E1,E2), each having an inlet and an outlet of water, the second stage (E2) having an inlet and an outlet of oil, the first stage (E1) being provided with fuel inlet and outlet nozzles, selectively connected, in parallel, to the fuel supply to the engine (M). The inlet and outlet of water of the first stage (E1) are respectively connected to the outlet of the water radiator, by means of a cooling water circuit internal to the engine (M), and to the water inlet of the second stage (E2). The water outlet of the second stage (E2) is connected to the inlet of a water radiator, and the inlet and outlet of oil in the second stage (E2) are connected in series to a lubricant oil circuit internal to the engine (M).

Abstract: The internal combustion engines (M) of the invention are provided with a cooling water circuit, associated with a water radiator and with a lubricant oil circuit. The heat exchanger (HE) comprises an inlet and an outlet of water connected, in series, to an outlet of the water radiator, by means of a cooled water conduit and of the cooling water circuit, and to an inlet of the water radiator, by means of a return conduit and a hot water conduit; a fuel inlet nozzle and a fuel outlet nozzle, selectively connected to the fuel supply to the engine (M); and an inlet and an outlet of lubricant oil, connected to the lubricant oil circuit by means of respective oil conduits.

Abstract: The heat exchanger (HE) has a first stage and a second stage (E1, E2) which are seated and affixed in a connecting block seated and affixed to the engine (M). The first stage (E1) is provided with a fuel inlet nozzle and a fuel outlet nozzle which are connected to the supply of fuel to the engine (M), and the connecting block defines: a return conduit, communicating an outlet of a cooling water circuit of the engine (M) with a water inlet in the first stage (E1); an interconnecting conduit communicating a water outlet of the first stage (E1) with a water inlet of the second stage (E2); an outlet conduit communicating a water outlet of the second stage (E2) with an inlet of a water radiator having an outlet; and two oil conduits, communicating a lubricant oil circuit of the engine (M) with the second stage (E2).

Abstract: An element with at least one slide surface with a coating for use on an internal combustion engine may include a base of a metallic alloy and at least one inner surface provided with a hard ceramic coating generated by physical vapor deposition. The element may include a porosity with a rate lower than 2 percent by volume, a Vickers hardness ranging from 1500 to 3000HV, and a compressive inner tension lower than 500 MPa.

Abstract: A sliding element for use in an internal combustion engine may include a ferrous base having a peripheral sliding surface covered by a protective surface layer, the protective surface layer including at least one nitride applied via at least one of physical vapour deposition and a nitrided layer. The peripheral sliding surface may have a diamond like carbon (DLC) coating disposed thereon. The coating may include at least one of (a) one or more transition layers composed of WC1-x and (b) an adhesive layer of metallic chromium with a crystal structure. The coating may include an intermediate layer of metal DLC, the metal may be tungsten in a multilayer structure of a-C:H:W and a-C:H, and an outer layer of metal-free DLC.

Abstract: The system is applied to an engine (M) having an injection system, a fuel feed line and a cooling system (CS), by means of a cooling fluid which circulates, through hot fluid ducts and cold fluid ducts, through the engine (M) and through a heat exchanger. The feed line has a first segment, connected to the injection system and provided with a first valve, to be closed when the fuel temperature is below a maximum value, and open when the fuel temperature reaches the maximum value. The feed line also has a second segment derived from the first and absorbing thermal energy from the hot fluid duct or from the combustion gases and provided with a second valve which remains open while the fuel temperature is lower than the maximum value, and which is closed when said temperature reaches the maximum value.

Abstract: A piston ring for at least one of a piston of an internal combustion engine and a compressor may include at least one substantially annular metallic base having a nitrided layer. The base may include at least one chamfer and at least one outer surface that maintains contact with a layer of lubricating oil. The nitrided layer may exhibit a substantially constant thickness over at least one surface of the base and the at least one chamfer. The nitrided layer may include a nitrided diffusion layer that maintains direct contact with the layer of lubricating oil and has a residual tension ranging from +100 megapascal to ?100 megapascal.

Abstract: A cylinder for an internal combustion engine may include a metallic cylinder body and an amorphous diamond-like hard carbon film disposed on an internal peripheral surface of the cylinder body. The amorphous diamond-like carbon film may include a roughness ranging from Rz 0.5 ?m to Rz 4.0 ?m.

Abstract: A cylinder liner for an internal combustion engine may include a cast iron alloy having a pearlitic structure with at least 70% of graphitization with spheroidal graphite morphology. The cast iron alloy may include at least 2.8% to 4.0% in weight of carbon; 1.8% to 3.5% in weight of silicon; 0.2% to 1.0% in weight of manganese; a maximum of 0.5% in weight of phosphorus; a maximum of 0.05% in weight of sulfur; a maximum of 0.5% in weight of vanadium; a maximum of 0.5% in weight of molybdenum; 0.2% to 1.5% in weight of nickel; a maximum of 0.3% in weight of tin; 0.005% to 0.06% in weight of magnesium.

Abstract: The heat exchanger comprises a first and a second stage (E1,E2), each having an inlet and an outlet of water, the second stage (E2) having an inlet and an outlet of oil, the first stage (E1) being provided with fuel inlet and outlet nozzles, selectively connected, in parallel, to the fuel supply to the engine (M). The inlet and outlet of water of the first stage (E1) are respectively connected to the outlet of the water radiator, by means of a cooling water circuit internal to the engine (M), and to the water inlet of the second stage (E2). The water outlet of the second stage (E2) is connected to the inlet of a water radiator, and the inlet and outlet of oil in the second stage (E2) are connected in series to a lubricant oil circuit internal to the engine (M).

Abstract: The heat exchanger (HE) has a first stage and a second stage (E1, E2) which are seated and affixed in a connecting block seated and affixed to the engine (M). The first stage (E1) is provided with a fuel inlet nozzle and a fuel outlet nozzle which are connected to the supply of fuel to the engine (M), and the connecting block defines: a return conduit, communicating an outlet of a cooling water circuit of the engine (M) with a water inlet in the first stage (E1); an interconnecting conduit communicating a water outlet of the first stage (E1) with a water inlet of the second stage (E2); an outlet conduit communicating a water outlet of the second stage (E2) with an inlet of a water radiator having an outlet; and two oil conduits, communicating a lubricant oil circuit of the engine (M) with the second stage (E2).

Abstract: The internal combustion engines (M) of the invention are provided with a cooling water circuit, associated with a water radiator and with a lubricant oil circuit. The heat exchanger (HE) comprises an inlet and an outlet of water connected, in series, to an outlet of the water radiator, by means of a cooled water conduit and of the cooling water circuit, and to an inlet of the water radiator, by means of a return conduit and a hot water conduit; a fuel inlet nozzle and a fuel outlet nozzle, selectively connected to the fuel supply to the engine (M); and an inlet and an outlet of lubricant oil, connected to the lubricant oil circuit by means of respective oil conduits.

Abstract: The fuel filter comprises: a housing (10); a lid (20) hermetically retained against an open end (14) of the housing (10) and incorporating an outlet nozzle (21); and a tubular filter element (50) housed inside the housing (10) to define, therewith, an annular fuel admission chamber (C). The filter element (50) has its interior maintained in communication with the outlet nozzle (21) of the lid (20. The housing (10) has the open end (14) thereof provided with an outer thread (16), at least one of the parts defined by the open end (14) of the housing (10) and by the lid (20) carrying a sealing means (30) seated against the other of said parts, the filter further comprising a nut (40) to be engaged to said outer thread (16) of the housing (10) and to the lid (20), maintaining the latter hermetically seated on the housing (10).

Abstract: An oil control ring for internal combustion engines, formed by a ferrous body having two external contact surfaces where each surface contains first and second extremity edges, two tilted faces where each tilted face starts from the respective second edge, a peripheral transversal section directed at the cylinder wall and an internal circular section directed at the side of the piston, where the projections of contact are directed, so that the respective tilted faces are turned facing the other, symmetrically, in a preferred concretization. The ring allows the maintenance of appropriate levels of contact pressure, even under reduced expanding loadings due to the use of profile that brings reduced contact of the ring with the cylinder interface. Additionally, it brings better dynamic stability and consequent distribution of the contact pressure of the set. It also makes it possible to apply superficial hardening treatments on oil rings with reduced contact surface.

Abstract: An oil-control ring for an internal combustion engine, to be mounted between the sidewalls of a respective groove of a piston has two ring segments and an annular expander disposed between the two ring segments and presenting a support body defining a seating plane for each ring segment. The ring has at least one expander portion axially projecting from the support body of the expander, beyond at least one of the seating planes of a ring segment, and at least one superficial irregularity provided in at least one of the ring segments and which is dimensioned to be contained in the thickness of the respective ring segment and to interfere with at least one expander portion, in order to rotatively lock the ring segment in relation to the expander.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston ring for internal combustion engines, the piston ring comprises a steel or cast iron base material with a coating of chromium nitride deposited by a physical vapor deposition process on a sliding surface of the piston ring, wherein the coating is composed of a columnar crystal structure of CrN with the following features: (a) an oxygen content in solid solution of 0.5 to 2.5 wt %; (b) a content of uniformly dispersed micro-pores of less than 10% in volume of the coating; and (c) an X-ray diffraction intensity ratio of (111) planes to (200) planes parallel to the surface in the range of 0.80 to 1.20.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piston ring for an internal combustion engine, the piston ring comprises a sulphide rich compound layer forming a surface layer, said sulphide rich compound layer comprising an iron nitride matrix with iron sulphide (FeS) inclusions embedded in said matrix, said sulphide rich compound layer having a sulphur content of 1 to 4 wt % S and a nitrogen content of 10 to 20 wt % N.

Abstract: The present invention provides a piston for an internal combustion engine. The design of the piston is such that the contact between the piston ring and the groove, during operation and especially in the moments of higher pressure on the ring, is as distributed as possible, in order to minimize the wear rate of the lateral walls of the groove.

Abstract: A piston which has a diameter of about 70 to about 100 mm and which is preferably produced with a resistant, malleable alloy having low density (lower than about 3 g/cm.sup.3) and mechanical properties at high temperatures such that a yield stress greater than about 120 Mpa at temperatures of the order of 300.degree. C. to 350.degree. C. is obtained. In the preferred embodiment, the piston is a single piece piston, comprising a head portion of diameter D ranging from about 70 to about 100 mm and a skirt portion downwardly projected from the head portion and inside which is provided a pair of wrist pin bosses, each having a hole with a diameter d and axial extension L for bearing the articulating wrist pin of the piston.

Abstract: Wrist pin for a two-piece piston, having a cylindrical external surface (41) and an internal surface with an internal diameter, throughout the length of the pin (40). The end portions of the pin have a reduced internal wall thickness between the outer half of the supporting face of the bosses (50), where there exclusively occur bending moment and shearing force applied by the inertia of the skirt (20) and of the moving assembly (100). The reduction in the internal wall thickness is obtained by the increase in the internal diameter of the pin (40) at the end portions, through two different end revolution surfaces (43, 44) each having respective a generatrix which is at least substantially straight.