Abstract: A valve device for an internal combustion engine may include a valve and a metallic tungsten matrix coating containing at least one tungsten nanocarbide disposed on at least a portion of the valve via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The coating may include a thickness ranging from 5 ?m to 150 ?m and a hardness between 500 HV and 2000 HV.

Abstract: A bearing for an internal combustion engine may include a steel support layer. A coating layer containing a Cu alloy may be laid over the steel support layer. A Ni-based anti-diffusion barrier layer may be laid over the coating layer, and an anti-friction layer containing a matrix of Sn—Zn and Zn precipitates may be laid over the anti-diffusion barrier layer.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a piston ring for internal combustion engine, having an outer surface of a coating of Chromium Nitride (CrN and Cr2N) and Niobium Nitride (NbN and Nb4N3), capable of offering greater resistance to peeling of the coating, also maintaining an excellent level of resistance to wear and tear and scratches to the layer of Chromium Nitride deposited.

Abstract: A running set for an internal combustion engine may include at least one of a cylinder liner and an engine block including at least one integrated cylinder. The running set may further include at least one piston ring. The at least one piston ring may define an outer running face and the at least one of the cylinder line and the integrated cylinder may define an inner running face. At least one part of the outer running face may include a coating composed of a ceramic material. At least one part of the inner running face may include a proportion of less than three percent of a folded metal.

Abstract: A piston ring for a piston of an internal combustion engine or a compressor may include a substantially annular shaped body defining an inner surface facing towards a groove configured to receive the body, an upper surface facing towards a combustion chamber and extending substantially at a right angle to the inner surface, and a lower surface disposed substantially opposite the upper surface. A layer of thermally insulating coating may be disposed at least partially on at least one of the inner surface, the upper surface and the lower surface.

Abstract: A bearing may include a substrate and a metallic layer disposed in contact with the substrate. An adhesive layer may be disposed in contact with the metallic layer. A supporting layer may be disposed in contact with the adhesive layer. According to an example, a polymer layer may be disposed in contact with the adhesive layer. According to another example, a polymer layer may be disposed in contact with the supporting layer.

Abstract: A sliding assembly for utilization in an internal combustion engine may include at least one piston ring and a cylinder head provided with a through cavity defining an internal surface. The internal surface may define a TDC portion in a proximity of a top dead center, a central portion, and a BDC portion in a proximity of bottom dead center. The TDC portion, central portion, and BDC portion may present surface finishes having a first roughness, a second roughness, and a third roughness, respectively, each defined by a structure of recesses and projections, at least one of which may be substantially uniform. The second roughness may be less than the first roughness value. The piston ring may present at least part of a contact surface upon which a ceramic coating may be applied by a physical vapor deposition.

Abstract: A sliding element for an internal combustion engine may include a ferrous material base defining a plurality of surfaces. A binding nickel layer may be applied across all of the surfaces of the base. A deposited layer may be disposed on the binding layer. The deposited layer may include a metallic tungsten matrix and a tungsten carbide. The deposited layer may be provided with a thickness between 5 and 150 microns.

Abstract: The heat exchanger comprises a first and a second stage (E1,E2), each having an inlet and an outlet of water, the second stage (E2) having an inlet and an outlet of oil, the first stage (E1) being provided with fuel inlet and outlet nozzles, selectively connected, in parallel, to the fuel supply to the engine (M). The inlet and outlet of water of the first stage (E1) are respectively connected to the outlet of the water radiator, by means of a cooling water circuit internal to the engine (M), and to the water inlet of the second stage (E2). The water outlet of the second stage (E2) is connected to the inlet of a water radiator, and the inlet and outlet of oil in the second stage (E2) are connected in series to a lubricant oil circuit internal to the engine (M).

Abstract: A sintered pulley may include a body of a metal alloy and configured with a substantially annular shape. The body may include a first face of contact with a crankshaft, a second face of contact with a securing element, and a concentric hole for associating the pulley with the crankshaft. The second face of contact may have a region of a point of contact with the securing element disposed proximate to the hole. The region of the point of contact may have a density of between 7.3 and 7.5 g/cm3.

Abstract: The heat exchanger (HE) has a first stage and a second stage (E1, E2) which are seated and affixed in a connecting block seated and affixed to the engine (M). The first stage (E1) is provided with a fuel inlet nozzle and a fuel outlet nozzle which are connected to the supply of fuel to the engine (M), and the connecting block defines: a return conduit, communicating an outlet of a cooling water circuit of the engine (M) with a water inlet in the first stage (E1); an interconnecting conduit communicating a water outlet of the first stage (E1) with a water inlet of the second stage (E2); an outlet conduit communicating a water outlet of the second stage (E2) with an inlet of a water radiator having an outlet; and two oil conduits, communicating a lubricant oil circuit of the engine (M) with the second stage (E2).

Abstract: The internal combustion engines (M) of the invention are provided with a cooling water circuit, associated with a water radiator and with a lubricant oil circuit. The heat exchanger (HE) comprises an inlet and an outlet of water connected, in series, to an outlet of the water radiator, by means of a cooled water conduit and of the cooling water circuit, and to an inlet of the water radiator, by means of a return conduit and a hot water conduit; a fuel inlet nozzle and a fuel outlet nozzle, selectively connected to the fuel supply to the engine (M); and an inlet and an outlet of lubricant oil, connected to the lubricant oil circuit by means of respective oil conduits.

Abstract: A piston ring may include a metallic base, an outer slide layer and an intermediate layer disposed between the base and the outer slide layer. The base may extend between at least two end regions. The outer slide layer and the intermediate layer may be disposed on an outer radial face of each end region of the base.

Abstract: A process for microbial fermentation of sugary substrates may include inoculating hydrogen into a microorganism of a genera fungus or a bacterium present in suspension in a wort under fermentation or in an immobilized bed. The wort under fermentation or in the immobilized bed may contain sugars and microorganisms.

Abstract: An element with at least one slide surface with a coating for use on an internal combustion engine may include a base of a metallic alloy and at least one inner surface provided with a hard ceramic coating generated by physical vapor deposition. The element may include a porosity with a rate lower than 2 percent by volume, a Vickers hardness ranging from 1500 to 3000HV, and a compressive inner tension lower than 500 MPa.

Abstract: A sliding element for use in an internal combustion engine may include a ferrous base having a peripheral sliding surface covered by a protective surface layer, the protective surface layer including at least one nitride applied via at least one of physical vapour deposition and a nitrided layer. The peripheral sliding surface may have a diamond like carbon (DLC) coating disposed thereon. The coating may include at least one of (a) one or more transition layers composed of WC1-x and (b) an adhesive layer of metallic chromium with a crystal structure. The coating may include an intermediate layer of metal DLC, the metal may be tungsten in a multilayer structure of a-C:H:W and a-C:H, and an outer layer of metal-free DLC.

Abstract: A piston ring for an internal combustion engine may include a metal base and a protective coating disposed on the base to cover at least part of a surface of the base. The coating may be composed of at least one nitride phase formed from at least one metal element and aluminum, and the coating may have an internal stress of less than 1.2 GPa.

Abstract: The system is applied to an engine (M) having an injection system, a fuel feed line and a cooling system (CS), by means of a cooling fluid which circulates, through hot fluid ducts and cold fluid ducts, through the engine (M) and through a heat exchanger. The feed line has a first segment, connected to the injection system and provided with a first valve, to be closed when the fuel temperature is below a maximum value, and open when the fuel temperature reaches the maximum value. The feed line also has a second segment derived from the first and absorbing thermal energy from the hot fluid duct or from the combustion gases and provided with a second valve which remains open while the fuel temperature is lower than the maximum value, and which is closed when said temperature reaches the maximum value.

Abstract: A three-piece oil ring for an internal combustion engine may include an expanding element defining at least a first side and a second side opposite the first side. A first upper annular segment may be associated with the first side of the expanding element. A second lower annular segment may be associated with the second side of the expanding element. The first annular segment and the second annular segment may each include a first internal side surface and a second external side surface. A metallic tungsten matrix coating may be disposed on at least one of the expanding element, the first annular segment and the second annular segment via chemical vapor deposition. The coating may contain a tungsten nanocarbide that may include at least one of WC, W2C, W3C and W12C. The coating may include a thickness between 5 ?m and 150 ?m and a hardness between 1000HV and 3500HV.

Abstract: A piston ring for at least one of a piston of an internal combustion engine and a compressor may include at least one substantially annular metallic base having a nitrided layer. The base may include at least one chamfer and at least one outer surface that maintains contact with a layer of lubricating oil. The nitrided layer may exhibit a substantially constant thickness over at least one surface of the base and the at least one chamfer. The nitrided layer may include a nitrided diffusion layer that maintains direct contact with the layer of lubricating oil and has a residual tension ranging from +100 megapascal to ?100 megapascal.