Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring color of a moving web. The web is measured by reflectance measurement and transmittance measurement, wherein the reflectance measurement is carried out by illuminating a surface of the web in a measuring area, where on the other side of the web at the measuring area resides a solidly attached backing element and measuring the radiation reflected from the web. The transmittance measurement is carried out by illuminating the web and measuring the radiation transmitted through the web. The radiation measured in the transmittance measurement is transmitted through the backing element.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling a causticizing process, the process comprising slaking, causticizing and white liquor preparation. The slaking is carried out using a slaker into which green liquor and lime is fed to produce lime milk. The causticizing process is controlled by applying a model that describes at least a part of the causticizing process.

Abstract: An automation system and a method for controlling a process and for monitoring the condition of process equipment. The method comprises the steps of measuring process signals indicating the condition of the process by means of a first sensor; measuring condition monitoring signals indicating the condition of process components by means of a second sensor; processing the process signals by means of a first I/O module; processing the condition monitoring signals by means of a second I/O module; transmitting the processed process signals obtained from the first I/O module to a process station. The method also comprises the steps of transferring the processed condition monitoring signals obtained from the second I/O module to the same process station; and processing both the said processed process signals and the said processed condition monitoring signals by process station software in the said process station.

Abstract: Optical radiation sources functioning on different optical bands radiate on different optical bands and focus optical radiation on a region in a web surface as pulses in such a manner that illumination areas of the pulses overlap on the plane of the web. At most one optical radiation band is focused on the web from the direction of the normal. The spatial intensity distribution of at least one optical band differs from the uniform distribution and the intensity distributions of at least two different optical bands differ from one another in a predetermined manner. A camera forms still images of the web surface region on each optical radiation band. An image-processing unit determines the surface topography of the web on the basis of the images. In addition, a controller may control the paper manufacturing process on the basis of the determined surface topography.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring a condition and an operation of a periodically moving object is provided. Herein a synchronized time average is calculated for a measurement signal, the signal containing periodical variations and obtained from the object response. In general, a frequency response is determined based on the periodical variations of the measurement signal. A signal component representing the determined frequency response is filtered from the measurement signal. The filtered signal is used as a synchronizing signal. A synchronized time average of sequences, determined by dividing the measurement signal by the synchronizing signal, is calculated.

Abstract: A moistening nozzle of a paper web comprises a frame (1) into which air and water are conducted. Inside the frame (1) there is arranged a water nozzle (2) wherewith water is conducted to an outlet of the moistening nozzle and an air nozzle wherewith air is correspondingly conducted to the outlet. The air nozzle (3) and the water nozzle (2) are arranged one within the other such that the air and the water form water mist that is blown out from the moistening nozzle. The air nozzle (3) is provided with an inner thread (10) that brings the air in swirling motion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve comprising a housing and a closing member arranged in the housing, from which member a shaft protrudes via which the closing member is rotatable in the housing. In order to provide a working and easy-to-use valve, the closing member comprises a sector closing the opening, a flexible sector having a thinner wall than the closing sector, a guiding sector having the same radius (R) as the inner surface of the housing wall, and an open sector.

Abstract: The invention relates to a seal intended for sealing an axis pair, whereby the axes rotate in the same direction, the inner one of the axes is inside the outer axis and the phase difference of the axes is arranged to remain within predefined limits. The seal (200) is a tubular seal made of an elastic material and comprises at least two tube sections (202, 204) fixed to each other. Folds (212, 214) of the at least two tube sections (202, 204) have opposing twisting angles. One end of the seal (200) is fastened to the outer axis and the other end is fastened to the inner axis, and the seal (200) is arranged to twist by a torque proportional to the phase difference between the axes.

Abstract: The method measures consistency with a rotating consistency meter. The method comprises chopping with the teeth of a chopper structure optical radiation transmitted by an optical source to an optical detector while the shafts of the rotating consistency meter rotate. In addition, a chopper reference of the chopper structure chops optical radiation to form at least one reference pulse independent of the swivel between the shafts. The duration of each reference pulse is measured when measuring consistency. The change in the reference pulse is defined by comparing the duration of the measured reference pulse with the duration of the predefined reference pulse. The durations of the measuring pulses are corrected according to the change in the duration of the reference pulse.

Abstract: One measuring part of a traversing measuring unit measures at least one characteristic of a web with a first radiation type from a plurality of measuring locations during a traversing movement at successive moments in time. At least two measuring parts of an array measuring unit measure at least one characteristic of the web with another radiation type during each traversing movement at a plurality of different moments in time by directing the measurement to a plurality of measuring locations in the web at each moment in time. A signal processing unit is arranged to estimate at least one characteristic measured by the traversing measuring unit with at least one measurement of the array measuring unit.

Abstract: A sensor element for a consistency transmitter for use in measurements of a pulp suspension and coated with a diamond coating. A consistency transmitter for measuring the consistency of a pulp suspension, comprising: a sensor element to be placed in the pulp suspension and provided with a diamond coating; a part provided with equipment for measuring the force/torque effective on the sensor element, for processing the force/torque by computation, and for converting the force/torque to an electrical signal; and a transmitting element, connected to the sensor element and said part, for transmitting the force/torque effective on the sensor element to said part. A method in the manufacture of a sensor element for a consistency transmitter for use in measurements of a pulp suspension, wherein the method comprises the step of coating the sensor element with a diamond coating.

Abstract: The invention concerns axial locking of a valve shaft to be non-turnably attached to a closing element of a valve, an end of the shaft to be attached to the closing element being machined on two opposite sides in order to fit into a pivot recess formed in the outer perimeter of the closing element. The invention is characterized by a collar part to be fitted to said end of the shaft and to be turned into a locking position, one of the end surfaces of the main part of said collar part having at least one axial projection that fits into the pivot recess of the closing element of the valve when the collar part is in the locking position and the end of the shaft is positioned into the pivot recess of the closing element.

Abstract: A measuring device is provided that includes a camera, and an image-processing unit and a fractionating pipe. The receives a sample from recycled fibre pulp of a recycled fibre process and arranges the particles of the flowing sample in accordance with particle size. The measuring device processes the sample as at least two fractions according to particle size. The camera images at least one fraction. The image-processing unit receives images imaged by the camera and measures at least one parameter of an added substance in at least one imaged fraction.

Abstract: A feeding device comprises at least two feeding units. At least one feeding unit may send a sample towards the measurement device so that the sample passes at least one feeding unit next in the feed direction.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring the amount (CW) of a coating (2) on a paper web (1). The amount (CA) of at least one component in the coating (2) on the paper web (1) is measured and the composition (CC) of the coating (2) to be transferred to the paper web (1) is determined. The amount (CW) of the coating (2) on the paper web (1) is determined on the basis of the amount (CA) of at least one component in the coating (2) on the paper web (1) and the composition (CC) of the coating (2) to be transferred to the paper web (1).

Abstract: A method and arrangement for controlling short circulation in a paper machine, in which the control of at least one property of the diluted fiber-containing pulp conducted to the headbox is based on consistency measurement or determination in high-consistency fiber-containing pulp, diluted pulp and/or white water. The amount of fiber-based fines in high-consistency fiber-based pulp, diluted fiber-based pulp and/or white water is determined, and the result obtained is used for controlling at least one property of the fiber-containing pulp to be conveyed to the headbox.

Abstract: A system and a method for calculating a synchronized time average for a measurement signal obtained from an object to be measured and containing periodical variations. In the method: from the periodical variations of the measurement signal a frequency is determined, said frequency corresponding within predetermined limits to a frequency estimated as the periodicity characteristic of the object to be measured; a signal component representing the determined frequency is separated from the measurement signal by filtering, and the filtered signal is used as a synchronizing signal, and the measurement signal is divided into sequences by means of the synchronizing signal, and the synchronized time average of the sequences is calculated. In an example of the method, the rotating frequency or the moving frequency of the object selected as the periodicity characteristic to the object.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring color of a moving web. The web is measured by reflectance measurement and transmittance measurement, wherein the reflectance measurement is carried out by illuminating a surface of the web in a measuring area, where on the other side of the web at the measuring area resides a solidly attached backing element and measuring the radiation reflected from the web. The transmittance measurement is carried out by illuminating the web and measuring the radiation transmitted through the web. The radiation measured in the transmittance measurement is transmitted through the backing element.

Abstract: This invention relates to a control valve which comprises a first and a second flow channel (2, 3), a valve chamber (4) and a closing member (5), from which a shaft (6) extends. A flow connection is established in the control valve through the inner part of the chamber (4). The flow connection into the chamber (4) and the one out of the chamber (4) are constricted at all openings (A1, A2, A3) when the closing member (5) is turned about the rotation axis (10) in the chamber (4).

Abstract: Measuring devices measure at least one characteristic of the fibres of recycled fibre pulp and at least one characteristic of ink, and the measuring devices feed the measurement results to controllers of a pulping subprocess and a dispersing subprocess, the controllers performing multivariable-based predictive calculation and optimization of control functions. The controllers of the pulping sub-process and the dispersing subprocess generate control variables on the basis of the measurement results for mechanical and chemical processing of the recycled fibre pulp to be performed in the pulping subprocess and the dispersing subprocess.