Abstract: A camera is provided with a photographing device for setting various photographing conditions which determine a state of a subject image to be obtained as a picture, the photography device including an exposure device having a plurality of selectively settable exposure modes for automatically setting at least one exposure value based on brightness of a subject, a mode selector for selecting one of the plurality of exposure modes, a calculation unit for calculating an amount indicative of the state of the subject image in accordance with the photographing conditions set by the photography device, an estimation unit for estimating visual effects which the subject image provides based on the calculated state amount, and a display device for displaying the visual effect corresponding to the exposure mode selected by the mode selection means in accordance with the estimated visual effects.

Abstract: A zoom lens system is provided with a first lens unit, a second lens unit, and a succeeding lens unit. The first lens unit has a positive refractive power. The second lens unit has a negative refractive power. The succeeding lens unit has a positive refractive power. During zooming from the wide angle limit to the telephoto limit, the first and second lens units move toward the object side so that the distance therebetween is increased. When f1 is a focal length of the first lens unit, f2 is a focal length of the second lens unit, fw is a focal length of the entire zoom lens system at the wide angle limit, LBW is a back focal length at the wide angle limit, and Ymax is 1/2 of a diagonal length of an image plane, the following conditions are satisfied by the zoom lens system:2.0<f1/fw<4.0-0.90<f2/fw<-0.300.85<LBW/Ymax<1.

Abstract: In a developing device according to the present invention, a developer carrying member in which a dielectric layer is formed on the surface of a conductive base substrate is used. In conveying a monocomponent developer containing no carrier to a developing area opposite to the image carrying member with the developer held on the surface of the developer carrying member, to develop a latent image formed on the image carrying member by the developer, the dielectric layer in the developer carrying member satisfies the following conditions:t.gtoreq.50, .di-elect cons..ltoreq.10, and 15.ltoreq.t/.di-elect cons..ltoreq.35where t (.mu.m) is the thickness of the dielectric layer, and .di-elect cons. is the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A linear drive mechanism comprises an electromechanical conversion element for producing repeatable linear displacements in a predetermined direction, a working member fixedly connected to said electromechanical conversion element for simultaneous displacement therewith and having a guide surface formed in the direction of displacement of said electromechanical conversion element, a moving member frictionally contacting with the guide surface of said working member, and a pushing member furnished on said working member for pushing said moving member against said guide surface of the working member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus automatically identifying top and bottom of document image based on characteristics with regard to shapes or positions of data, etc. recorded on document. Distribution states of pixel cumulative values in main scanning direction and sub scanning direction of image signals provided by scanning the document, are analyzed and top and bottom of the document image is identified from the result of analysis. Further, it is possible to identify the top and bottom of the document image by analyzing the distribution states the pixel cumulative values in the main scanning direction and the sub scanning direction of the image signals and identifying letter series regions and line segment regions displaced therefrom.

Abstract: A cleaning device for cleaning residual toner on a toner image carrier. The cleaning device includes a blade that comes into contact with the toner image carrier at an acute angle with respect to an immediate downstream portion of the toner image carrier at a toner removal area where the blade scrapes off residual toner from the toner image carrier. A collecting device moves in a direction opposite the direction of movement of the toner image carrier at the toner removal area and collects the residual toner scraped off by the blade member.

Abstract: A copying machine control system includes a plurality of copying machines, a plurality of data terminals connected to the individual copying machines and which collect identification data particular to the copying machines, and a centralized control unit performing communication of data with the data terminals through a communication network. Each copying machine stores identification data particular to that copy machine and transmits it to the data terminal in response to a request. Each data terminal includes a receiving device for receiving the identification data and a transmitting device for transmitting the identification data to the centralized controller. The centralized controller confirms the data terminal and associated copy machine and therefore accurate control can be achieved.

Abstract: An image recording device being capable of setting a separating pawl and a print head at an appropriate location by a position changeover operation at one point according to types of recording sheets. The device comprises a sheet feeder having the separating pawl which is switched over to an effecting position or non-effecting position according to types of recording sheets, and a recording section having a print head for recording images onto the recording sheets passed through between a platen and the print head. The distance between the print head and the platen can be changed over, and linking to this changeover operation, the positions of the separating pawl is switched over.

Abstract: Binoculars equipped with focus adjustment nut 53 to which left object lens holder 42 of the left optical system is linked, dioptric adjustment nut 61 to which right object lens holder 41 is linked and which is attached such that it may move relative to focus adjustment nut 53, and focus adjustment dial 51 and dioptric adjustment dial 63 to move said nuts, respectively. When dioptric adjustment dial 63 is operated, dioptric adjustment nut 61 moves along the optical axis, together with which movement right object lens holder 41 linked to dioptric adjustment nut 61 moves, whereby dioptric adjustment is carried out. Focus adjustment dial 51 is located on either the top or bottom surface of the binoculars, and dioptric adjustment dial 63 is located on the other surface.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a photosensitive unit including a film disposed thereon. The film wears over time causing its thickness to decrease, which causes non-uniformity in line image data produced by the apparatus. The invention counteracts changes in the film thickness by adjusting the intensity of the edges of the image in response to the amount of wear the apparatus has undergone. The amount of wear can be gauged by detecting the number of rotations made by the photosensitive unit or the number of sheets processed by the photosensitive unit. The invention has the particular advantage of ensuring consistency in the thickness of line images. A method for controlling exposure is also described.

Abstract: An arrangement, for installing an electric component of a printed board, contributing to a reduction in size of a camera. Between a cover of a camera body, and a film pressure plate, is installed the printed board which is larger than the film pressure plate and which extends beyond an outer wall of a spool chamber in a direction in which a film is fed. On the printed board, some electric components such as a step-up transformer and a transistor are mounted. The outer wall of the spool chamber has a concave part in which a part of the electric components is positioned. The dimension of the part of the electric component is absorbed in the thickness of the outer wall of the spool chamber.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus forming has a resume device to resume a situation when the power supply was turned off. Further, a timer is provided to count a period after the power supply was turned off. A controller inhibits operation of the resume device when the timer counts up a predetermined period. Further, an interrupting device is provided, and when the image forming apparatus is in a predetermined state such as paper empty, the image forming apparatus is operated according to the image forming information entered by the interrupting device. In a different way, an image forming apparatus has a switching device to turn off manually the power supply. After the power supply was turned off with the auto-power-off function, if the power supply is turned on manually, data on image forming saved in a memory are cleared. Thus, a new user can start a copy job readily, while the secrecy of image data of a previous user can be maintained.

Abstract: A double-side digital copier reads an image on documents fed into an image reading unit in accordance with a predetermined cycle based on copying conditions such as the number of copies to be made and single/double-side copying, and the number of documents and copy sheets temporarily maintained in the respective circulation paths formed therein. Further the image data obtained by that reading are stored in two memories alternately, one of the memories alone, or both the memories in a predetermined order in accordance with the predetermined cycle, and are read out in a corresponding order, optimizing throughput without increasing the manufacturing costs.

Abstract: An image sensing system is provided with a fluorescent lamp which performs AC lighting to irradiate an object, an inverter power source which supplies currents to the fluorescent lamp, a lighting frequency changing circuit which changes the frequency of the current supply, a lens which images an image onto a film, and a CCD image sensing device which is capable of changing the period of exposure by the formed image and which outputs the image of the object as an electric signal through photoelectric conversion. The exposure period of the CCD image sensing device is controlled by a microcomputer and a timing generator. The lighting frequency changing circuit is controlled so that the phase of the exposure period and the phase of the current supply to the fluorescent lamp are in synchronism with each other.

Abstract: A developing device capable stable production of halftone image having excellent texture while maintaining suitable image density by utilizing an AC electric field between a developer-carrying member and an image-carrying member and providing a rest period wherein the AC electric field is not active so as to develop electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrying member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has N-in-1 mode for forming an image of N documents in a sheet of paper and automatic color selection mode for deciding whether a document is a color document or a monochromatic one. When the N-in-1 mode and the automatic color selection mode are selected, color copy mode is selected if a number of color documents in N documents to be reproduced in a sheet of paper is larger than a predetermined reference value.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a camera that is capable of both feeding a long strip of film that is housed in a cartridge in a wound-up fashion and rewinding said film, wherein a battery is placed above or below the film conveyance path between the cartridge bay and the spool bay such that its axis is essentially parallel to the optical axis.

Abstract: A pulse detection mechanism for detecting the rotation amount of a rotary member and its rotational direction with a high degree of accuracy by reducing the degree of fluctuation in the position of contact between pins and a pulse surface. A rotation shaft to which a pulse plate has been fixed is supported by a shaft insertion hole of a rotation shaft holding member and that of a pin receiving member. Pins are inserted through pin holes formed through the pin receiving member so that one end of each pin contacts the pulse surface and the other end thereof is urged by a leaf spring of a leaf spring member. The pulse surface and the pins are placed in position by the shaft insertion hole of the rotation shaft holding member and that of the pin receiving member so that the pulse detection mechanism so as to prevent a position fluctuation from being reduced greatly.

Abstract: A device for discriminating an attribute of an image in a block area contained in a document image includes a device for performing a Fourier transformation based on image data in the block area and for determining a spatial frequency spectrum relating to the image in the block area; and a neural network for outputting a discrimination result as to whether or not the attribute of the image in the block area is a halftone dot image based on the spatial frequency spectrum output from the Fourier transform device.

Abstract: In an operation for transporting a sheet by a first roller to a second roller pair downstream of the first roller, and further transporting the sheet by the second roller pair, a the time during which the sheet is transported by the first roller is controlled, responsive to the number of sheets which have been fed by the first roller, to suppress disadvantages such as jamming and deformation into a Z-form, which may be caused by reduction of a transporting performance due to wear of the rollers and adhesion of paper powder to the rollers.