Abstract: An apparatus for reproducing images recorded on successive frames of a film recorded with information, the apparatus includes a film feeder which feeds the film in a first direction and a second direction opposite to the first direction; an information reader which reads the recorded information; a density detector which detects a density of each image; and a controller which controls the film feeder, information reader, and density detector. The information reader is worked when the film is fed in the first direction, the density detector is worked when the film is fed in the second direction. A detected image density is adapted for determining an exposure value at which each image is picked up to reproduce the image.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus that reads a first image and a second image which were photographed on a microfilm side by side in the width direction of the microfilm. The image reading apparatus has a reading device which reads the images on the microfilm, a parameter setting device which sets separately a first image processing parameter for the first image and a second image processing parameter for the second image, and a control device which controls the reading device to read the first image in accordance with the first image processing parameter and to read the second image in accordance with the second image processing parameter.

Abstract: A digital image of a document having chromatic and achromatic colors is read, and an edge of a black character is discriminated. Further, an outside area and an inside area of the edge are detected. Edge emphasis is performed on an inside area of the edge for data of achromatic colors. On the other hand, data of chromatic colors in an inside area of the edge is substituted with a minimum data of the pixel under interest and pixels surrounding the pixel. Data of chromatic colors and of achromatic colors in the outside area is substituted with a minimum data of the pixel under interest and pixels surrounding the pixel.

Abstract: A developing method for developing electrostatic latent images comprising:(a) forming a thin layer of a developer comprising a toner and a carrier on a developer transporting member having a magnet therein by contacting the developer with a developer regulating member, wherein said carrier has a volume-average particle size of 10 to 50 .mu.m and a residual magnetization of 10 emu/g or less, and wherein an amount of said thin layer of developer is in the range of 0.7 to 10.0 mg/cm.sup.2 ;(b) transporting the thin layer to a developing region in which the developer transporting member confronts an image bearing member; and(c) supplying the toner contained in the developer from the developer transporting member to the image bearing member with applying an oscillated electric field on the developing region.

Abstract: A cleaning device is disclosed having a web pressed against a fixing roller for cleaning, a wind-up roller taking up the web by its rotation, a motor rotating the wind-up roller, a counter accumulating the number of treatments by the fixing roller, and a control unit actuating the motor to rotate the wind-up roller by a prescribed angle whenever the number of the treatments reaches a prescribed value, and changing the value in accordance with the number of treatments accumulated by the counter. This device actuates the motor to rotate the wind-up roller taking up the web so that the prescribed value as the web feeding timing corresponding to one actuation of the motor may be increased in accordance with the cumulative number of treatments by the fixing roller. Owing to this control, the web can be fed out in a fixed amount by a simple construction even when the outside diameter of the wind-up roller with the web continues to increase.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus and a fixing device used therein capable of discriminating transport condition of a sheet in the fixing device without sheet sensors. The fixing device is provided with a fixing roller for heating unfixed toner borne on a sheet and fixing the toner onto the sheet. A temperature sensor is arranged for detecting the temperature of the fixing roller, which temperature sensor communicating with a controller of the image forming apparatus or the fixing device. The controller discriminates the transport condition of the sheet based on the temperature change of the fixing roller detected by the temperature sensor so as to execute varied control.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus which reads document surfaces of open book-like documents placed on a document platen in a face upward condition, the image reading apparatus comprises; a first detector which detects a height distribution of a document surface in a main scanning direction, a second detector which detects a height distribution of the document surface in a sub-scanning direction, and a direction discrimination device for discriminating whether a placement direction of the document is a main scanning direction or a sub-scanning direction based on the height distributions.

Abstract: Photographing operation of a camera is possible in an automatic program zoom mode in which focal length of a photographing lens is automatically determined based on a prescribed program, and in a manual zoom mode in which focal length of the photographing lens is determined dependent on user's preference. When a switch for starting operation of the camera is turned ON, the automatic program zoom mode is automatically set from the two modes.

Abstract: A belt fixing system includes a rotatably supported belt, a heating member for heating the belt, a pressure member which contacts with a circumference of the belt to form a nipping region therewith where a toner image supported on a sheet member is fixed onto the sheet member. The system further includes a first detector for detecting a portion of the belt where it has touched with the sheet member at the nipping region, and a controller for controlling the heating member so that an amount of heat supply to the belt is changed in response to an detecting result of the first detector.

Abstract: An apparatus having a drive device using an electromechanical transducer capable of being used in an environment in vacuum, at high temperatures and shielded from outside, an environment where electromagnetic waves are shielded or the like, where a drive shaft and a slider block frictionally coupled thereto are arranged at the inside of a hermetically-sealed vessel, one end of a drive shaft is made to penetrate a wall face portion of the hermetically-sealed vessel and the drive shaft is coupled with a piezoelectric element arranged at the outside of the vessel, the wall face portion of the hermetically-sealed vessel where the drive shaft penetrates is made elastically deformable, a portion between the wall face portion and the drive shaft is shielded in airtight by an adhesive agent and elongation and contraction displacements having different velocities are caused at the piezoelectric element whereby the slider block frictionally coupled with the drive shaft and members fixed to the slider block at the insid

Abstract: An image forming apparatus equipped with a monochrome mode and color mode, in which the transfer drum is made to rotate without any paper wrapped around it to clean the transfer drum each time a series of copy operations is completed. By controlling the cleaning period through increasing or decreasing the number of non-paper rotations in response to the last copy operation mode, the transfer drum may be adequately cleaned at all times, and the amount of wear on the transfer drum and cleaning device caused by the cleaning operation is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid developer for electrophotography comprising: carrier liquid, and toner particles, dispersed in the carrier liquid, formed of binder resin and colorant, wherein said carrier liquid contains acidic dispersion resin and basic dispersion resin which are soluble in said carrier liquid. Further, the present invention provides a liquid developer for electrophotography comprising: carrier liquid, and toner particles, dispersed in the carrier liquid, formed of binder resin and colorant, wherein said liquid developer contains a basic dispersion resin that is soluble in said carrier liquid and has a moisture content of 500.about.20,000 ppm, and has an acidic group on the surface of the toner particle.

Abstract: An image display apparatus according to the present invention includes an image data memory for storing image data to be displayed, an image plane for displaying an image, a low resolution image display unit for displaying an image based on image data on the image plane with low resolution, a mouse for designating a position in a particular region in the image plane, and a high resolution image display unit for displaying an image based on image data of the particular region designated by the mouse on the image plane with high resolution of a resolution level higher than the resolution level of the low resolution.

Abstract: This invention relates to the ink for ink-jetting using water-soluble reactive dye represented by general formula (A): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen atom or alkyl group, X represents substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene group or --NR.sub.3 --X--R.sub.3 N-- represents 1,4-pyperazinylene group, M is alkaline metal, quaternary ammonium or hydrogen atom, n is an integer of 1 to 5, m is an integer of 1 to 5 and "l" is 5-m,and by using those dyes as magenta dye excellent light resistance and water resistance are given to the ink.

Abstract: A fixed frame includes a photosensitive drum and a developing unit, and a movable frame is openable with respect to the fixed frame. The developing unit, which has two pairs of protrusions thereon, is detachably mounted to the fixed frame by engaging the protrusions with two pairs of guides provided on the fixed frame. One pair of guides includes a portion for momentarily catching one pair of the protrusions as the developing unit is being mounted to the apparatus, and each of the other pair of guides includes a inclined portion having the shape of an arc centered on the momentarily catching portion, whereby an impact to the developing unit is alleviated. The developing unit has a shutter which moves to a position for covering a peripheral surface of a developing sleeve when the developing unit is being dismounted, and which retracts from the developing sleeve covering position and moves to a position for covering the photosensitive drum when the developing unit is being mounted.

Abstract: A camera having a barrier which is rotatable around a shaft substantially parallel to an optical axis of a lens and between a closing position in which a lens barrel, an electronic flash and optical elements are covered by the barrier and an opening position in which the barrier uncovers those elements.

Abstract: In order to achieve such effects that memories such as image memory due to untransferred residual toner can be sufficiently prevented, and good images can be obtained by suppressing base fogging and reduction of entire image density for a long term, an oscillating voltage composed of a DC ingredient and an oscillating ingredient is applied to a charging device for charging a photosensitive member, while the charging device is in a position facing an image forming region of the photosensitive member. While the charging device is in a position facing an image non-forming region of the photosensitive member, only a DC voltage is applied to the charging device for at least a predetermined time.

Abstract: A machine control device capable of accurately rewriting a control program of a memory for controlling a mechanical device. The machine control device includes a first memory in which a control program is stored, a controller which controls operation of the mechanical device in accordance with the control program stored in the first memory, and a removable second memory in which a control program and a rewrite program are stored. The controller replaces the control program in the first memory with the control program in the second memory in accordance with the rewrite program stored in the second memory when the second memory is installed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to A yellow developer comprising:a non-magnetic toner particle containing colorant, binder resin and wax, the colorant being a compound classified into C. I. pigment yellow 180, the binder resin having an acid value of 1 to 30 KOH mg/g, and the wax having an acid value of 0.5 to 30 KOH mg/g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a developer comprising toner to which laminated titanium oxide is externally added.