Abstract: A modified strongly acidic ion exchange resin of a sulfonic acid type is disclosed. Modification is conducted by ionically binding a particular N,N-di-substituted mercaptoalkylamine to a strongly acidic ion exchange resin of a sulfonic acid type. The N,N-di-substituted mercaptoalkylamine is specifically represented by the following formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently represent a C.sub.1-10 alkyl group, a and b denote 0-3, respectively, a+b denotes 2 or 3, and m denotes 4 or 5. The modified ion exchange resin makes an improved catalyst in the preparation of a bisphenol by the condensation reaction of a phenol with a ketone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a toner for developing electrostatic images, which comprises the steps of kneading a mixture of raw materials comprising at least a resin and a colorant, cooling the kneaded mixture, pulverizing the cooled mixture, classifying the pulverized mixture, and feeding a fine powder separated by the classification step to a melt of the mixture of raw materials in the middle of the kneading step. The toner has improved fixability, durability and storage stability, with which stable and high-quality images are obtained even by continuous copying operation.

Abstract: There are disclosed an electrolyte solution for an electrolytic capacitor containing an organic polar solvent and an ionic solute, and further comprising fine particles of an aluminosilicate represented by the following formula, or metal oxide fine particles covered with said aluminosilicate:MAlO.sub.2 (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.x (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywherein M represents a monovalent cation; x represents a real number of 0 to 25; and y represents a real number of 1 to 200,and an electrolytic capacitor using said electrolyte solution.

Abstract: A carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material, wherein carbon fibers are oriented substantially in the thickness direction, the ratio of the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction to the thermal conductivity in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction is at least 2, and the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction is at least 3 W/cm..degree. C.

Abstract: A high density optical disk having data tracks and pre-grooves disposed in a track pitch not higher than 1.2 .mu.m provides groove signals to a disk drive having a two-divided optical detector for tracking control. The groove signal characteristics of the optical disk is such that an envelope cross-track signal, an envelope cross-track minimum signal and an envelope push-pull signal are not less than 0.10, not less than 0.12 and between 0.10 and 0.70, respectively, when normalized by a virtual mirror surface. The optical disk may be any of a magneto-optical (MO) disk, a ROM disk and a partial ROM disk and can provide any type of disk drives with sufficient groove signals for tracking control in both a magneto-optical area and a ROM area.

Abstract: A method for continuously producing alkadienols, which comprises subjecting a conjugated alkadiene and water to a hydration dimerization reaction in a continuous type reactor in the presence of carbon dioxide and a catalyst comprising a palladium compound and a phosphorus compound, wherein a hydrophobic phosphorus compound is used as the phosphorus compound, and the reaction is carried out in the presence of an amine while maintaining the concentration of the conjugated alkadiene in the reaction solution in the reactor within a range of from 0.5 to 4.5 wt %.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating a liquid by pervaporation, which comprises at least one pervaporation membrane module unit for purifying a liquid to be treated, a supply line connected to said pervaporation membrane module unit for supplying the liquid to be treated to the membrane module unit, a withdrawing line for withdrawing the permeated fluid from the membrane module unit and a withdrawing line for withdrawing the non-permeated liquid, wherein said supply line is provided with a pressure pump for transporting the liquid and a heater, and the final withdrawing line for the non-permeated liquid is provided with a pressure regulating valve.

Abstract: A lighting device for an observation/image pickup apparatus capable of satisfactorily illuminating a surface of an observed section of a specimen sample for observation irrespective of whether a fine roughness is provided on the specimen surface. Illumination control slit members for laterally projected light, deflected oblique light, vertically projected light, and light composed of laterally projected light and vertically projected light, are provided, and selectively face an illumination light introducing section, to thereby convert illumination light (introduced through the illumination light introducing section) into any desired one of: laterally projected light, deflected oblique light, vertically projected light, and light composed of laterally projected light and vertically projected light, resulting in a surface of an observed section of a specimen sample being illuminated with the converted light.

Abstract: Signal compensation apparatus and method compensates for and removes errors due to error factors included in source signals x and y approximated by the sine function and cosine function, respectively, from a measurement apparatus such as a resolver or an encoder. Compensation is achieved by approximating the source signals x and y as expressions which include the terms due to the error factors, detecting the maximum values of x, x+y, etc., and determining coefficients corresponding to the error factors on the basis of the relationships between the maximum values and the coefficients, and removing the errors from the signals provided by the measurement apparatus.

Abstract: The disclosure describes an optical recording medium for recording, erasing and reading-out information by irradiation a laser beam, comprising:a lower dielectric protective layer, a phase-change-type recording layer, an upper dielectric protective layer and a metal reflective layer successively deposited on a transparent substrate formed with grooves, in whichboth of grooves and lands are used as a recorded region,a groove depth (d) satisfies the following relation (1):.lambda./7n<d<.lambda./5n (1)wherein .lambda. represents a wavelength of an irradiation light and n represents a refractive index of the substrate, anda groove width (GW) and a land width (LW) satisfy the following relation (2):0.1 .mu.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a method for separating a ruthenium complex, which comprises removing an objective hydrogenation reaction product from a hydrogenation reaction solution of an organic carbonyl compound in the presence of a ruthenium complex having a tertiary organic phosphorus compound as ligand to obtain a catalyst solution, contacting said catalyst solution with a polar solvent, and carrying out a phase-separation into a liquid phase substantially composed of the polar solvent and an another liquid phase substantially containing the ruthenium complex.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for preparing carbon fiber reinforced carbon composites comprising:subjecting short fibers composed of bundles of multiple single fibers to dry or wet fibrillation;preparing a sheet oriented in the two-dimensional random direction; andafter impregnating the obtained sheet with resins pitches and laminating the sheet followed by molding, subjecting the molded product to baking and densification treatments.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic polycarbonate is described, which comprises melt-polycondensing an aromatic diol compound with a diaryl carbonate compound in the presence of an interesterification catalyst, said interesterification catalyst comprising a quaternary phosphonium salt compound represented by formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or a cycloalkyl group, and X.sup.l- is an anion selected from the group consisting of a carbonate ion, a phosphate ion, and a tetrahydroxyboron ion, with the letter l indicating the valency of X.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a die coater comprising a die composed of upper and lower mold-pieces which form a manifold and a slit extending from the manifold, an inner deckle shaft disposed in the manifold, a deckle disposed in the slit in a fluid-tight state, and a deckle guide; the inner deckle shaft having a fluid-tight portion near an end thereof and capable of moving with its fluid-tight state kept, the deckle and the deckle guide being secured to the inner deckle shaft, and the deckle being connected with the fluid-tight portion of the inner deckle shaft.

Abstract: A magneto optical recording medium comprising the following elements has been developed:a substrate;an interference layer of tantalum oxide having 500 to 1,200 .ANG. in thickness and formed on said substrate;a recording layer formed on said interference layer;a heat insulating layer of silicon nitride, silicon oxide or a mixture thereof having 200 to 500 .ANG. in thickness and formed on said recording layer; anda reflective layer of Al or an Al-based alloy having 400 to 1,200 .ANG. in thickness and formed on said heat insulating layer.

Abstract: A granular vinyl chloride resin composition in the form of spherical or cylindrical granules having a size of from 0.05 to 20 mm made of a mixture comprising, as the main components, 100 parts by weight of fine vinyl chloride resin particles having a particle size of from 0.01 to 3 .mu.m, a course vinyl chloride resin having a particle size of 5 to 65 .mu.m and from 10 to 400 parts by weight of a filler.

Abstract: An improved process for producing N-(.alpha.-alkoxyethyl)formamide by reacting formamide with acetaldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst, thereby giving N-(.alpha.-hydroxyethyl)formamide, and reacting it with a primary or secondary alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, thereby giving N-(.alpha.-alkoxyethyl)formamide, characterized in that the basic catalyst is alkali metal bicarbonate or alkali metal hydrogenphosphate.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a process for producing halogenated phthalic anhydride, which comprises reacting phthalic anhydride with a molecular halogen in vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst containing zeolite as active component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a container or bag for garbage which repels animals such as cats, dogs, rats, and crows. The article is made from a composition comprising a polyolefin having 10 to 7000 ppm by weight of a compound selected from methyl salicylate, ethyl salicylate, propyl salicylate, n-butyl salicylate, iso-butyl salicylate, iso-amyl salicylate, and menthol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermoplast resin composition comprising:30 to 97% by weight of at least one of(a) a crystalline thermoplastic resin component and(b) a non-crystalline thermoplastic resin component,3 to 70% by weight of (c) a rubbery polymer component which is ununiformly mixed with at least one of Component (a) and Component (b) and0 to 40% by weight of (d) an inorganic filler,wherein Component (c) forms a network and at least one of the ratio of flexural modulus of Component (a) to Component (c) and that of Component (b) to Component (c) is 5 or more.