Abstract: A nickel fine powder includes 0.02 to 1.0% by weight of magnesium and/or 0.02 to 0.1% by weight of calcium dispersed in the nickel. A method for preparing the nickel fine powder includes the steps of forming nickel hydroxide by mixing an aqueous solution containing a magnesium salt and/or a calcium salt and a nickel salt with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and then reducing the hydroxide with a hydrazine reducing agent. The nickel fine powder has thermal shrinkage characteristics very close to those observed for ceramic substrates and is accordingly suitable as a material for producing an internal electrode for laminated ceramic condensers.

Abstract: A slurry contains MnO.sub.2 or other manganese oxide as a primary component of abrasive particles. Further, a polishing process using such a manganese oxide abrasive and a fabrication process of a semiconductor device using such a polishing process are disclosed.

Abstract: Near infrared rays of .lambda.1, .lambda.2, .lambda.3 in wavelength which are different from and near to one another are irradiated from a light source (2) to a part being measured (F) of a living body in such a state that vein bloodstream at the part being measured is stopped by applying a press force of a cuff (8), and the intensities of the transmitted near infrared rays of .lambda., .lambda.2, .lambda.3 in wavelength are detected by a photodetector (4) at the same time. In a processing circuit (14), the absorbance secondary differential value of the near infrared rays by the part being measured (F) is calculated on the basis of the transmitted light intensity detection values thus detected at the same time with respect to the three wavelengths, the variation width thereof within a predetermined time is calculated and then the blood sugar value in the living body is determined from the absorbance secondary differential value variation width on the basis of a calibration curve.

Abstract: The invention resides in iron oxide particles having very small particle size, high saturation magnetization and low remanent magnetization. The invention also resides in a process for producing such particles and compositions containing the particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an internal quality measuring apparatus for measuring an internal quality of an object, and the apparatus has a conveying device, a detecting device, a light projecting device, a light receiving device, an analyzing device and a pseudo-object member interposing device, and the analyzing device compares light received with a pseudo-object member, with reference data preliminarily stored, and correct a result of the analysis, based thereon.

Abstract: A method for preparing nickel fine powder is herein disclosed, which comprises the steps of mixing an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution comprising, on the basis of the total weight of the sodium hydroxide present in the aqueous solution, 75 to 85% by weight of liquid caustic soda as specified in JIS K 1203 and 25 to 15% by weight, in total, of at least one of sodium hydroxide as specified in JIS K 8576 and solid caustic soda as specified in JIS K 1202, with an aqueous solution of nickel sulfate to form nickel hydroxide, then reducing the resulting nickel hydroxide with hydrazine and recovering nickel fine powder produced. The nickel fine powder prepared by the method has an average particle size of the primary particles ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 .mu.m, a D.sub.90 value of not more than 2.1 .mu.m and a tap density of not less than 3.5 g/cc.

Abstract: A detect observing apparatus according to the present invention has a purpose for forming an observing specimen by using a TEM and the like in a positive and simple manner and is used in observation of defect or foreign matter in an object to be tested by means of a laser tomography and includes an illumination means for illuminating observing laser light onto the object to be tested, and a microscope for observing the illuminated object to be tested, the apparatus further comprises a marking means for forming marks at a plurality of points on a surface of the object to be tested in the vicinity of the defect or foreign matter to be observed under the microscope, and a position detecting means for detecting positions of the plurality of marks formed on the surface of the object to be tested and a position of the observed defect or foreign matter through the microscope.

Abstract: An alkaline refractory metal which is insoluble in alkaline etching solutions, is electrodeposited on the surface of copper foil, then a thermosetting resin is applied to the surface and semi-cured to obtain a coated copper foil. The coated copper foil is bonded to one or both faces of an inner layer board having wirings on one or both of its faces. Then, the copper foil on a surface of this laminate is removed by alkaline etching, while selectively leaving the alkaline refractory metal layer. A laser beam is used to form via holes in both the alkaline refractory metal layer and the thermosetting resin layer simultaneously. With the above method, via holes of the multi-layered printed wiring board can be easily formed using a laser, and adhesion between the outer wirings made from the plated copper and the insulating resin is improved.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is 6 indium tin oxide (ITO) fine powder whose crystal form is a corundum type one and which has a true specific gravity of not less than 6.5 g/cc, a green density of not less than 3.0 g/cc, and a Seebeck coefficient of less than 30 .mu.V/cc at ordinary temperature and less than 80 .mu.V/cc after heating at 200.degree. C. The ITO fine powder can be prepared by a method which comprises the steps of neutralizing an aqueous solution containing an indium salt and a tin salt with ammonia to thus control the pH of the reaction solution to the range of from 6.8 to 7.5; separating the resulting neutralized precipitates through filtration; drying and washing the precipitates; calcining the precipitates in the air at a temperature ranging from 550 to 700.degree. C.; and then reducing-burning at a temperature ranging from 350 to 450.degree. C. in a reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: A thin film electro-luminescence composition comprising an alkaline earth metal thiogallate represented by the following compositional formula: ##EQU1## wherein M.sup.1 is Sr or Ba; RE is a lanthanoid element; a and b are integers which are different from each other; and wherein x is 0.001 to 0.1 with the proviso that ##EQU2## is excluded or comprising an alkaline earth metal thioaluminate represented by the following compositional formula: ##EQU3## wherein M.sup.2 is Ca, Sr or Ba; RE is a lanthanoid element; c and d are integers which may be different from each other; and wherein y is 0.001 to 0.1,and a thin film electro-luminescence device comprising said thin film electro-luminescence composition as a luminescence layer.

Abstract: An organic rust-roof treated copper foil characterized in that it has a metallic rust-proof layer formed on the non-adhesive side of the original copper foil and has an organic rust-proof layer formed on said metallic rust-proof layer, the organic rust-proof layer comprising a mixture of at least two kinds of chemicals selected from the group consisting of benzotriazole, its derivatives, aminotriazole and its isomers and derivatives is provided with on said metallic rust-proof layer, or it further has a chromate-treated layer formed between said metallic rust-proof layer and said organic rust-proof layer.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a filter medium for molten metals which consists of a sintered body of a mixture comprising 100 parts by weight of at least one refractory grain selected from the group consisting of alumina particles and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.MgO spinel crystal particles; and 5 to 25 parts by weight of an inorganic binder which comprises 60 to 90% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.MgO spinel crystal powder, 5 to 12% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, and not more than 30% by weight of at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, MgO and TiO.sub.2. The filter medium is used for filtering off solid impurities mixed in molten metals, in particular, molten aluminums.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing an electrolytic copper foil for a printed wiring board by supplying current between a rotary cathode and an electrolytic anode in a copper electrolyte so as to electrodeposit copper on the surface of the rotary cathode, wherein an anode for high electric current is placed opposite to the electrodeposition starting surface of the rotary cathode in such a manner that a part of the anode is projected above a liquid level of the copper electrolyte, and the copper electrolyte existing between the anode for high electric current and the opposed rotary cathode surface is electrolyzed by providing a high electric current with a current density higher than that of the electrolytic anode, and an apparatus for producing an electrolytic copper foil for a printed wiring board having excellent properties.

Abstract: A pattern inspection apparatus for inspecting an abnormality in a pattern of a plurality of straight lines which are arranged in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction includes a data acquisition means for acquiring, by photoelectric conversion, first and second image data of the straight lines on first and second lines which pass first and second points at different positions along the straight lines, respectively, and are perpendicular to the straight lines, and a data processing means for detecting the abnormality in the straight lines on the basis of a difference between the first and second image data. The pattern is a pattern of, e.g., inner leads of a TAB tape. When density changes of the first and second image data at a position x along the first and second lines can be approximated by sin.sup.2 x, the data processing means can detect the abnormality by using a relationship established between a phase difference and a density difference between the two changes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lead-free tin-silver-based soldering alloy which has a low melting point equal to alloy H without containing harmful lead, expensive In or the like, and has excellent mechanical characteristics, that is, a tensile strength, an elongation value and heat fatigue characteristic as compared with alloy H, and thus, is applicable to soldering work at a low temperature and can make products which have a high reliability and long useful life or durability. The lead-free tin-silver-based soldering alloy consists essentially of Ag: 2 to 4% by weight, Zn: 0.5 to 2% by weight, Bi: 2 to 6% by weight, and the balance being substantially Sn.

Abstract: A pattern inspection apparatus includes a device for acquiring image data of a target inspection pattern, and an image processing unit for extracting a defect in the target inspection pattern on the basis of the image data and image data of a reference pattern.

Abstract: A high tensile strength copper foil having a matte side roughness Rz of 2.5 .mu.m or less and a tensile strength of 40,000 Kgf/mm.sup.2 after heating one hour at 180.degree. C. is produced by a process in which copper is electrodeposited from a solution containing predetermined small amounts of a polyether glycol and tin and iron ions. The chloride ion content is maintained below 0.1 wt. ppm. The copper foil is characterized by having copper crystals with atomic cells having a predominantly (111) orientation.

Abstract: A multilayer printed wiring board wherein circuits are provided respectively on both the faces of a substrate and subsequent circuits are provided in order and via insulating layers respectively on the outsides of the preceding circuits, characterized in that the insulating layers comprise an epoxy resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, melamine or urethane resin and rubber-modified epoxy resin in a specific mixing ratio.

Abstract: The present invention provides a soldering alloy which does not include harmful Pb or Cd and which has an excellent tensile strength, elongation value, and melting point property. The soldering alloy according to the present invention can thus solve the conventional environmental problems, set the soldering temperature at a low level to thereby restrict the thermal damage to a soldered portion, and prevent breaking of the soldering alloy due to a heat cycle, with an excellent tensile strength and elongation value. A tin-silver-based soldering alloy according to the present invention consist essentially of 3 to 4% by weight of Ag, 2 to 6% by weight of Bi, 2 to 6% by weight of In, and the balance being Sn.

Abstract: A silver sol comprises silver particles having a particle size ranging from 1 to 100 nm and a silver solid content ranging from 1 to 80% by weight. The silver sol can be prepared by a method comprising the steps of reacting a solution of a silver compound with a reducing agent at a temperature ranging from 5 to 50.degree. C. and a stirring speed falling within the range of from 1,000 to 10,000 rpm to form silver fine particles; recovering the resulting silver fine particles using a centrifugal separator; and then dispersing the silver fine particles in a medium to give a silver sol having a silver solid content ranging from 1 to 80% by weight. The silver sol or a coating material obtained by diluting the sol to a desired silver solid content and, if desired, adding a binder permits the formation of a transparent conductive film on, for instance, a cathode-ray tube while reducing the production cost.