Abstract: An aqueous solution of acrylamide obtained by catalytic hydration of acrylonitrile in the presence of a copper-based catalyst is purified by the steps, in sequence, of (a) removal of the unreacted acrylonitrile, (b) removal of copper, (c) treatment under basic conditions, (d) cation exchanging treatment and (e) weakly basic anion exchanging treatment. The acrylamide obtained by this process has good storage stability. An acrylamide polymer produced from this monomer is useful as a flocculant having a reduced content of the unreacted monomer, a high molecular weight and excellent solubility in water.

Abstract: A flow rate measuring instrument comprising an oscillation assembly causing self-oscillation responsive to the flow condition of a fluid and a mechanism for adjusting the moment of inertia of the oscillation assembly in response to the variations in the flow condition and other conditions of the fluid, being capable of carrying out required corrections responsive to the changes in the density, level and the like of the fluid for obtaining the true flow rate of the fluid from a detected flow rate on the basis of the detection of the frequency of the oscillation assembly.

Abstract: An oxidation-reducing reagent for a wet desulfurization process, which comprises (a) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of salts of substituted anthraquinonesulfonic acids of the general formulas: ##STR1## wherein M stands for a sodium atom, a potassium atom or an ammonium group, and n is an integer of 1 or 2, or (b) a mixture of a salt of anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid and one or more compounds shown by the general formula (I) and/or (II), as well as a process for preparing the compounds of the general formulas (I) and (II).

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing fine needle-like, ferromagnetic iron compound particles for use in magnetic recording in which needle-like iron oxyhydroxide fine particles prepared by simultaneously co-precipitating or cladding iron compound particles with an element of group II of the Periodic Table and manganese at atomic weight ratios of the element of group II of the Periodic Table and manganese to iron of from 0.001/100 to 10/100 and 0.005/100 to 10/100 respectively are reduced and/or oxidized under heating.

Abstract: A process for producing an alpha-halogeno-beta-aminopropionitrile which comprises reacting an alpha,beta-dihalogenopropionitrile with ammonia in water and/or an organic solvent. Action of a mineral acid on the reaction product gives a mineral acid salt of an alpha-halogeno-beta-aminopropionitrile. An isolated alpha-halogeno-beta-aminopropionitrile and a sulfate thereof are also provided.

Abstract: A process for producing a phenolic resin comprising condensing a phenol component and an aldehyde component, characterized in that the phenol component comprises (high-molecular-weight phenolic compounds which are left after bisphenol A-containing by-products formed in the production of bisphenol A by condensing acetone and phenol in the presence of an acid catalyst are treated at a high temperature of at least 150.degree. C. in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to remove low-boiling components therefrom.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of L-tryptophan comprises reacting indole with serine in the presence of tryptophan synthetase or tryptophanase, wherein DL-serine or D-serine is used and a serine racemizing enzyme is included in the reaction system and reacted with the serine.

Abstract: In the process for urea synthesis, an effluent from a reactor 2 containing urea, ammonium carbamate, excess ammonia and water is introduced in a first heater 3 to separate excess ammonia and to decompose ammonium carbamate, thereby separating them from the liquid phase; then the liquid effluent from the first heater 3 is introduced in a second heater 6 to separate the remaining excess ammonia and to decompose ammonium carbamate in the presence of starting carbon dioxide used as stripping gas, thereby separating them from the liquid phase; the liquid effluent from the second heater 6 is introduced into a urea solution purification step in which pressure is lower than in the above step; and the separated gaseous effluents from the first and the second heaters are returned into the reactor.

Abstract: A granule producing apparatus comprises: a container; an exhaust means provided to the top of the container; a space in the upper interior of the container for separating solid material from gases; a space for a fluid bed in the lower interior of the container; a porous floor immediately below the fluid bed space for defining the lower limit of the fluid bed; an air chamber beneath the porous floor for supplying air streams to form the fluid bed; a means for supplying jet stream of air, provided below the fluid bed air stream supply chamber; a plurality of parallelly arranged funnels, said each funnel consisting of an inverse truncated cone and a cylindrical pipe connected to the lower end of the cone, said upwardly enlarged cone opens into the interior of the container with its upper end merging with the porous floor, said each cylindrical pipe having its lower end connected to the jet stream supply means; a means disposed within the upper portion of the cylindrical pipe of each funnel for spraying liquid un

Abstract: A process for catalytic gasification of heavy oil of a specific gravity of higher than 0.7 with steam or steam/oxygen-containing gas characterized in that the heavy oil is contacted with chromium oxide catalyst or a catalyst comprising a mixture of chromium oxide and one or more of alkaline earth metal oxides, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide and cobalt oxide.More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for catalytic gasification of heavy oil of a specific gravity of higher than 0.7 characterized in that the heavy oil is contacted with a gasification catalyst comprising calcium aluminate, an alkali aluminate or tungsten-containing nickel and then the heavy oil is further contacted with said chromium oxide catalyst or chromium oxide-containing catalyst.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for purifying crude fatty acid esters of saccharide containing at least fatty acid glycerides as impurity, and which method comprises decomposing the fatty acid glycerides by the treatment thereof with a lipid splitting enzyme or with a combination of a lipid splitting enzyme and a reducing agent in the presence of water.

Abstract: Metallic coat finishing with good gloss vividness is provided by undercoating a liquid coating containing a specified thermosetting vinyl copolymer and a metallic appearance imparting pigment, overcoating a thermosetting, clear powder paint and then baking the two coated film together. The specified thermosetting vinyl copolymer is obtained by copolymerizing N-alkoxymethyl(metha)-acrylic amide, a hydroxyl group containing vinyl monomer, a carboxyl group containing vinyl monomer and copolymerizable other vinyl monomers in specified amounts.

Abstract: Nitrodiphenyl ether derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X represents chlorine, fluorine, methyl or trifluoromethyl and n is an integer of 1-3 are valuable as herbicides, the compounds and compositions containing these compounds possessing an excellent herbicidal activity to a wide variety of undesirable weeds with an extremely low toxicity to useful crops.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermosetting resin composition comprising (a) a bismaleimide and/or a polymaleimide and (b) at least one member selected from alkenylaniline derivatives, linear dimers thereof, and polymers thereof. In addition to components (a) and (b), this resin composition can contain (c) a polymerizable unsaturated substance.

Abstract: In a process in which a urea synthesis effluent obtained by reacting ammonia with carbon dioxide is subjected to a stripping step of bringing the urea synthesis effluent into countercurrent contact with carbon dioxide under heating to obtain an aqueous urea solution containing a small amount of ammonia and ammonium carbamate, the improvement comprises first bringing the urea synthesis effluent is into contact with a separated gas evolved in the stripping step under adiabatic conditions or with a little cooling. The use of the above process enables a reduction in size of the stripper and a recovery of the high pressure steam without keeping the ammonia to carbon dioxide molar ratio lower than that of the conventional method.

Abstract: An ultraviolet-absorbing amino compound; a paint containing the aforesaid ultraviolet-absorbing amino compound; and a coated article having on its surface a coated film containing the aforesaid ultraviolet-absorbing amino compound are provided. The ultraviolet-absorbing amino compound is produced by reacting (a) a compound having a light absorption maximum within a wavelength region of 300 to 400 m.mu. and containing a mono-, di- or tetra-hydroxyphenyl group, (b) at least one compound containing a amino group and (c) formaldehyde, in the presence of at least one alcohol. The ultraviolet-absorbing amino compound of this invention is used in resin products which undergo photodegradation by ultraviolet light, for example, paints or molded articles of resins, and is especially effective for use in thermosetting synthetic resin paints.

Abstract: It is disclosed that, in the process for producing polymethylene polyphenyl polycarbamates through the reaction of N-phenyl carbamate with formaldehyde or a formaldehyde-supplying substance in the presence of an acid catalyst, if the reaction is carried out in the concurrent presence of at least one compound or a mixture of at least two compounds selected from the group consisting of N-carboalkoxy (or cycloalkoxy)-2-oxa-4-aza-naphthalenes, bis(N-carboalkoxy(or cycloalkoxy)-anilino)-methanes and N,N'-dicarboalkoxy (or cycloalkoxy)aminobenzyl-anilines, the object product, polymethylene polyphenyl polycarbamate, can be obtained at a high yield.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for concentrating aqueous urea solutions in which an aqueous urea solution is allowed to flow as a falling film in countercurrent contact with a stream of hot inert gas to concentrate it to 95-99% by weight and the aqueous urea solution so concentrated is then passed through a packed zone in cocurrent contact with a stream of hot inert gas to concentrate it to not less than 99.5% by weight.

Abstract: Device for scraping off a deposit from the internal wall surface of an elongated tube of relatively small diameter, comprising a helical coil spring which is installed inside the tube and adapted to be reciprocally movable and/or rotatable, said spring scraping off the deposit from the internal wall surface of the tube.

Abstract: A composition having improved transparency and being substantially free from a bleeding phenomenon comprising 100 parts by weight of polypropylene and 0.005 to 8 parts by weight of a 1.3,2.4-di(alkylbenzylidene) sorbitol with each alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.