Abstract: A cellulose pulp fiber sampling and cleaning device for preparing clean pulp fiber samples for automatic analysis of cellulose pulp fiber properties, comprising a pulp sample receptacle having a housing; an elongated pulp fiber sample chamber therein, with fluid passage openings at each end; liquid-permeable and pulp fiber-impermeable material covering each end opening; ports in the housing communicating with the lowest portion of the chamber intermediate the two ends and with each end of the chamber on the outside of the liquid-permeable pulp fiber-impermeable material; and valves controlling flow through the ports; means for introducing and withdrawing washing liquor through the ports at each end of the chamber; and means for introducing and withdrawing pulp fiber suspension and withdrawing cleaned pulp fibers through the port intermediate the two ends.

Abstract: A process is provided for delignifying bleaching lignin-containing cellulose pulp which comprises:(1) activating cellulose pulp by reacting the pulp at a pulp consistency within the range from about 20% to about 60% and at a temperature within the range from about 20.degree. to about 130.degree. C. with a gas comprising NO.sub.2 and oxygen in the presence of water, sodium nitrate in an amount of at least 0.15 g mole per kg of water, and optionally nitric acid;(2) washing the activated pulp with water or an aqueous solution; and(3) treating the activated washed pulp with an aqueous alkaline solution at a temperature within the range from about 70.degree. to about 170.degree. C., optionally in the presence of oxygen gas until the lignin content of the pulp is so reduced that the Kappa number of the pulp is within the range from about 10 to about 60% of the Kappa number of the pulp entering the activating stage (1).

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for separating cellulose fluff fibers from waste fibrous material resulting from the manufacture of absorbent products from cellulose fluff fibers, comprising:an apertured cylindrical separator disposed in a housing and having a central passage in flow connection with the inlet;the cylindrical separator having apertures therethrough large enough to permit cellulose fluff fibers to pass therethrough but small enough to screen out larger non-fluff material from the waste fibrous material;means in connection with the first outlet for controlling flow therethrough of air and entrained waste fibrous material, for providing a balance between flow rate and differential pressure across the apertured separator sufficient to prevent blockage of the apertrues in the separator by waste fibrous material too large to pass through while permitting cellulose fluff fibers to pass through.

Abstract: In the continuous manufacture of cellulose pulp it has been found that air often remains in the lignocellulosic material subsequent to steaming the same. These air inclusions cause the lignocellulosic material to float in the cooking liquid, which results in interruptions in the digestion process. This problem is solved by means of the present invention, which relates to a method in which prior to being steamed, the lignocellulosic material is brought into contact with a heating medium. The method is characterized by supplying the heating medium to the advancing lignocellulosic material at several occasions; by distributing the heating medium in a manner such as to increase the temperature of the material in the direction in which it is advanced; and by separating condensed liquid from the lignocellulosic material.The invention also relates to apparatus for carrying out the above method.

Abstract: A process is provided for manufacturing groundwood pulp of uniform quality by maintaining a high and uniform moisture content in the wood in the grinding zone which comprises grinding debarked wood logs or wood chips in a closed pocket grinder under atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure while applying shower water both to the free surfaces of the grindstone and to the grinding zone where the logs or chips are in contact with the grindstone, such as by spraying the water at the end portions of the logs or chip mass, optionally together with applying shower water via the ram plates and a water trap arranged around the lower part of the log pockets, and preferably retaining shower water within the grinding zone by filling with shower water the hollows between the logs or chips located nearest the surface of the grindstone.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing bleached groundwood pulp of improved and uniform quality, in which debarked wood logs or wood chips are ground in a closed pocket grinder at atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure, while applying shower water to the free surfaces of the grindstone, and shower water containing bleaching chemicals to the grinding zone where the wood is in contact with the grindstone, i.e.

Abstract: A two-stage process is provided for the conversion of lignocellulosic material, for instance, wood, to cellulose pulp, first oxidizing the lignocellulosic material to form aldonic acid end groups, preferably bound with 1,4-glycosidic bonds, in the polysaccharides, in an alkaline medium in the presence of the oxidized form of a redox additive which is converted into a reduced form in reaction with the wood and/or products formed from the wood, withdrawing the alkaline medium and then reoxidizing the reduced form of the redox additive in the absence of the lignocellulosic material at a rate to maintain the oxidized form of the redox additive in a major proportion in the alkaline medium during oxidation of the lignocellulosic material by contacting the withdrawn alkaline medium with oxygen-containing gas, and then continuing the digestion in an alkaline medium at a temperature within the range from about 160.degree. to about 200.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for delignifying and/or bleaching cellulose pulp adds to the cellulose pulp a liquid which contains chlorine dioxide, causes the pulp to react with the chlorine dioxide over a selected period of time, and then reduces the amount of available active chlorine, optionally to a negligible amount, either by reducing the amount of liquid accompanying the cellulose pulp and/or by displacing such liquid with a newly supplied liquid containing no active chlorine or at most only a small amount of active chlorine; the displaced liquor can be replenished with chlorine and optionally with chlorine dioxide, and then added mainly to fresh cellulose pulp in the same bleaching stage, and/or to cellulose pulp in another bleaching stage.

Abstract: A process is provided for the recovery of sulfur dioxide liberated in the chemical pulping of lignocellulosic material, which comprises(1) collecting sulfur dioxide-containing gas emitted during the pulping and separating it into at least two portions;(2) contacting at least one portion with chlorine gas, thereby forming a gaseous mixture comprising sulfur dioxide and chlorine;(3) effecting reaction of sulfur dioxide, chlorine and water to form hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid while forming an intimate dispersion in said gaseous mixture of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid;(4) dissolving said hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid in said solution;(5) recovering said solution and separating it from substantially sulfur dioxide-free residual gas.

Abstract: A threaded coupling chuck device for use with a female threaded tube, including a chuck body, adaptor means, probe means, seal means, and port means.The body has an axis of rotation and shaft means for rotation, centered about said axis. Adaptor means are mounted on the body and have a threaded portion for engagement with the threaded tube to form a threaded coupling upon rotation of the internal portion of said body in a first direction about said axis. Probe means are slideably mounted in contact with the adaptor means and are positioned to align the respective threaded portions of said adaptor and said tube.Seal means are included, and are positioned to prevent passage of fluid through the coupling. The seal includes a threaded annular portion of the adaptor means, which portion is adapted to expand into contact with the tube upon activation. The seal means includes piston means positioned to glide along the axis from a first position to a second position where the seal is activated.

Abstract: A threaded coupling chuck device for use with a male threaded tube, including a body, a shaft for rotation, a sleeve and adaptor, nose cone, seal means, port means and a valve.The body is centered about an axis and has a sleeve rotably mounted inside the body. This sleeve is driven by the shaft means which rotates the sleeve in a first direction for coupling with the tube and the other direction to uncouple.Fixedly mounted in the sleeve is an adaptor means which has a nose cone supported on it. The nose cone has a threaded portion for forming a coupling with the male threaded tube upon rotation of the shaft in the first direction. The nose cone may also have a tapered surface adjacent the threaded portion to guide the tube into coupling contact with the threads.Seal means are provided generally at all junctions, and particularly for preventing passage of fluid between the tube and the nose cone coupling.

Abstract: A process is provided for inhibiting the formation of deposits in the course of pulping lignocellulosic material and in the treating of cellulose pulp, by addition to the cellulose pulping or treating process of compounds of polyvalent metals other than aluminum and manganese capable of complexing deposit-forming anions, thereby maintaining the deposit-forming anions in solution in the form of a liquor-soluble complex.

Abstract: A hydraulic chuck haging a piston means with an axially centered fluid passage and a tube seating means on one end thereof. Collet means are provided and are mounted on the piston means such that axial movement of the piston means operates the collet means. The chuck body is slideably mounted on the piston means and has a nose cone means fixedly mounted on the body means. The nose cone means includes a collet engaging surface to close the collet upon engagement of the surface and the collet means. Seal means for preventing passage of fluid between the tube and the collet means are provided and include a seal cartridge means adjacent to tube seating means on the piston means. Seal seat means are slideably contacting the cartridge means and keyed to the collet means to define a seal cavity between the seal seat and the seal cartridge. The cavity has a first size when the collets are open and a smaller second size when the collets are closed.

Abstract: A process for delignifying bleaching cellulose pulp in three stages, an activating stage, and first and second alkaline stages, NO and/or NO.sub.2 and O.sub.2, and optionally HNO.sub.3, being supplied to the water-containing pulp in the activating stage; in the first alkaline stage, alkali being supplied as carbonate, primarily HCO.sub.3.sup.-, with oxygen gas having a partial pressure, on average, of from 0 to 0.2 MPa, the lignin content of the pulp being lowered in this stage so that the Kappa number of the pulp after the stage is from 10 to 60% of the Kappa number of the pulp entering the activating stage; in the second alkaline stage, alkali being supplied as carbonate, primarily CO.sub.3.sup.=, with oxygen gas at a partial pressure, on average, of from 0.1 to 3 MPa.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for the deresination and brightness improvement of cellulose pulp, by adjusting the pulp concentration to within the range from about 15 to about 35%; adding sufficient alkali to the pulp to bring the amount of alkali, calculated as NaOH, within the range from about 0.5 to about 17 g/kg of water accompanying the pulp; adding sufficient oxidizing bleaching agent to the pulp to bring the amount of oxidizing bleaching agent to within the range from about 0.2 to about 22 g/kg of water; subjecting the pulp to a mild, mechanical working in the bite of twin interdigitated rotating screws at an energy input of from 8 to 100 kWh per ton of pulp; removing and reacting the pulp with the added alkali and bleaching agent for from about 0.1 to about 5 hours; and then washing out dissolved resin from the pulp.

Abstract: A two-stage oxygen bleaching of chemical cellulose pulp is provided, in which an alkaline oxygen bleaching stage is preceded by a nitrogen dioxide activating stage in which oxygen is added to the activating stage in an amount such that nitrogen monoxide formed as an intermediate during the activation process is consumed, so regulating the amount of oxygen added that when the activation reaction is practically complete, substantially all of the nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen monoxide has been consumed.

Abstract: A chuck device for use with a flexible hose including a porting tube means for attachment at one end to a source of hydraulic fluid and having a central passage for the fluid. Attached on the other end of the porting tube is a seal cartridge means which has a hose engaging cylinder extending away from the porting tube to engage the interior of the hose. Collet means are mounted on the cartridge means and are positioned to engage the exterior of the hose when the hose is on said cylinder. A chuck body means is included which is slideably mounted on the porting tube and the cartridge means to define a power chamber. The porting tube has a fluid passage connecting the power chamber to the central passage of the porting tube. Finally, nose cone means are mounted on the body means and has a collet means engaging surface. The passage of fluid into the chamber forces the collets against the surface and causes them to urge the collets against the hose.

Abstract: A ground-clearing and mound-building device is provided that can be towed along the ground to move material on the surface to one side, expose the surface of the ground, and build mounds on the cleared ground for planting and forest regeneration, having a scarifier means mounted for rotation about its central axis, circular in cross-section, and having a peripheral surface that digs into the ground during rotation thereof when in contact with the ground under pressure, arranged to be brought into contact with the ground at any selected contact pressure; with control of at least one of the selected contact pressure and the selected rotation rate to dig, loosen, and displace a surface layer of the ground and push such loosened ground into mounds.

Abstract: A process is provided for the bleaching delignification of cellulose pulp with oxygen gas in the presence of alkali, wherein the pulp is first activated with nitrogen dioxide and then washed, preferably with water. The invention is characterized in that the acid solution obtained is used to pretreat the digested pulp subsequent to washing the pulp with waste liquor obtained from the oxygen gas bleaching delignification stage.

Abstract: A hydraulic chuck device for use with the inside of a tube. Included is a body defining a chamber and a piston slideably mounted in said chamber. An axially centered stem means is mounted at one of its end on said piston and has a passage along its axis, while sleeve means slideably cover said stem means and are mounted on said body. Collet means are operably connected to said stem means and said sleeve means such that relative movement of one with respect to the other causes activation of said collets. First fluid means are connected to said piston to cause relative movement between said stem and said sleeve, and second fluid means are connected to said stem means for passage of fluid through said passage of said stem means into the inside of said tube.