Abstract: To secure a thin film to a rigid carrier for subsequent exposure to processing chemicals, the thin film is initially adhered to the rigid carrier with a light adhesive from which the thin film may later be peeled. Then a photoresist is applied over the thin film extending over a peripheral region of the carrier along the perimeter of the thin film. The photoresist is exposed to actinic radiation in a pattern such that when the photoresist is subsequently developed, a perimeter region of the photoresist remains over the perimeter region of the carrier and extending inward over the periphery of the thin film sufficiently to secure the thin film during conveyorized chemical processing. Finally the resist is stripped to release the thin film and the thin film pealed from the adhesive pattern.

Abstract: Solid vinyl ether terminated curing agents for powder coatings can be prepared by reacting an aliphatic diisocyanate with a polyol and then with a hydroxy vinyl ether, or by reacting an aliphatic polyisocyanate with a hydroxy vinyl ether. Powder coatings based on the so prepared curing agents are extremely useful for coating heat sensitive substrates by exposure to ultraviolet light, heat, or both.

Abstract: Machine-profiled edges and corners and other surface discontinuities of heat sensitive workpieces such as wooden cabinet doors are uniformly covered by a coating powder applied electrostatically to the back side of the workpiece first, allowing the powder to wrap around the edges toward the front side, and then applying the coating powder electrostatically to the front side and fusing or fusing/curing the coating powder.

Abstract: A composition and method for stripping tin and solder and the underlying tin-copper alloy from the copper substrate of a printed circuit board is presented. The liquid includes an aqueous solution of nitric acid in an amount sufficient to dissolve solder and tin, a source of ferric ions in an amount sufficient to dissolve the tin-copper alloy, and a source of halide ions in an amount sufficient to significantly improve the resistance between printed circuits.

Abstract: Stabilizer compositions useful for protecting clear polyvinyl chloride and other clear halogenated polymer compositions against discoloration and degradation caused by exposure to light and weathering in addition to heat comprising an organotin compound selected from the group consisting of organotin mercaptides, sulfides of organotin mercaptides, organotin sulfides, and/or organotin carboxylates, and a free phenyl salicylate compound. These stabilizers offer improved ultraviolet light stability and weatherability to clear polyvinyl chloride resins designed for weatherable applications without detracting from the desired thermal performance. Clear polyvinyl chloride resin and other clear halogenated polymer compositions are also provided, containing these compounds.

Abstract: Coating powders are provided which provide high-temperature, translucent coatings useful for light-emitting devices such as incandescent bulbs. The coating powders comprise a binder, at least 90 wt % up to 100 wt % of which is a silicone resin. The coating powders are filled with between about 10 and about 50 phr of fillers selected from the group consisting of needle-like calcium metasilicate, mica, rod-like glass particles, and mixtures thereof, the fillers having aspect ratios between about 8 and about 40.

Abstract: Method for on-mold surface coating fiberglass-reinforced molded articles during their manufacture with environmentally friendly and physiologically safe thermosetting unsaturated polyester on-mold coating powders which serve as replacements for liquid gel coats. The thermosetting coating powders employed are adapted to cure at low temperatures to avoid causing thermal damage to the heat sensitive plastic molds which must be reused over and over again, and to cure in the presence of atmospheric oxygen to enable over coating with liquid fill resins and fiberglass, which constitute the bulk of the finished article, without having the fill resins bleed through the powder coating film and detrimentally affect the overall quality of the surface finish.

Abstract: Stabilizer compositions useful for protecting clear polyvinyl chloride and other clear halogen-containing polymer compositions used in the manufacture of exterior weatherable products against discoloration and degradation caused by exposure to ultraviolet light and weathering in addition to heat comprising a latent mercaptan which degrades during processing of the composition at an elevated temperature to liberate a free mercaptan, in combination with a synergistic amount of a free phenyl salicylate compound. The latent mercaptan may be the sole heat stabilizer additive in the stabilizer composition, but the free mercaptan released during processing may also synergize the activity of organic-based or metal-based heat stabilizers such as metal salts and organometallic stabilizers such as organotin carboxylates and organotin mercaptides in the polymer composition.

Abstract: A water soluble dicarboxylic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof acts as a mold release agent for salt pellets when a salt-contacting surface of a roll-type briquetting press is coated with from about 0.02 to about 5 mg/cm2 of a powder of the acid or alkali metal salt just prior to a charge of salt. The coating is achieved by spraying an air stream entraining the powder onto the press rolls or by spraying a solution of the release agent onto the rolls and evaporating the solvent to leave the powder on the rolls. The acid has from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; adipic acid being preferred. Salt pellets having a layer of the powder on their surface may be used in water softening systems wherein the pellets sit in a brine reservoir and supply salt for the recharging of an ion exchange resin. There is no formation of an unsightly scum on the surface of the brine and on the sides of the reservoir.

Abstract: Matrix-dyed textiles of cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, silk, wool, flax, nylon, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, cotton, and rayon are stripped of their dyes in a dye stripping system comprising a reducing agent in an aqueous bath produced by the reaction of a bisulfite with about 0.35% or less of a borohydride by weight of the textile. The borohydride may be added to an aqueous bath already containing the bisulfite and the textile or the borohydride and bisulfite may be mixed in an add tank and the mixture added to the aqueous bath. Chelating agents, sequestering agents, fire retardants, and odor scavengers are not needed. Reclaimed textiles having superior receptivity of a new dye are provided.

Abstract: Resistors are formed by selective etching from layered thin film material comprising an insulating substrate, a resistive material which is a mixture of a zero valence metal and a dielectric material, and a layer of conductive material.

Abstract: An atomized fluid, such as a mist of water, is applied to a preheated substrate, such as wood, a wood product, paper, or ceramic just prior to or contemporaneously with electrostatically applying a coating powder to the substrate. The atomized fluid is absorbed or adsorbed by the substrate so as to enhance the charge-carrying capacity of the substrate to an extent necessary to promote efficient electrostatic application of the coating powder to the substrate.

Abstract: Provided are low temperature curing thermosetting epoxy powder coating compositions comprising at least one non-crystalline epoxy resin, at least one crystalline epoxy resin, a curing agent, and a cure catalyst. Coatings made from such powder compositions exhibit a substantial reduction in bubble entrapment, enough to prevent a visible haze from forming in the coating, when cured at low temperatures demanded by brass substrates, while the powders from which the coatings are made still exhibit good storage stability and melt-processability.

Abstract: In substrates, such as wood substrates, having sharp edges, corners and other surface discontinuities, in a front appearance surface, non-functional machining, such as formation of grooves, is performed on the rear non-appearance surface adjacent the surface discontinuities. Coating powder is applied, e.g., electrostatically, to the appearance surface of the substrate and the coating powder fused or fused and cured to form a continuous coating on the appearance surface of the substrate. The rear surface machining reduces cracking of the coating at the front surface discontinuities.In some cases, non-functional machining is distributed over the entire non-appearance surface of the work-piece to promote out-gassing of volatiles to the non-appearance surface, thereby eliminating out-gassing-caused defects in the coating formed on the appearance surface.

Abstract: This invention provides a UV curable powder coating composition comprising a particulate blend of a non-crystalline unsaturated polyester base resin, a crystalline unsaturated crosslinker resin co-polymerizable with the base resin, and a photoinitiator, that exhibits reduced or eliminated hazing in the cured coating formed therefrom upon being cured at low temperatures demanded by certain heat sensitive substrates. This is accomplished by incorporating in the powder composition a recrystallization or haze inhibitor which is comprised of a crystalline epoxy resin. When this powder blend is melted for curing, the crystalline crosslinker resin visually appears to separate and recrystallize out of the molten powder less completely than it does in the absence of the recrystallization or haze inhibitor. This prevents a visible haze from developing on the surface of the coating upon curing with UV radiation.

Abstract: An epoxy coating powder composition and a method for controlling the denseness of cured wrinkle finish patterns are provided by the use of a curing agent mixture comprising a blocked Lewis acid, methylenedisalicylic acid and a ring-substituted homolog thereof having the formula ##STR1## wherein x and y are from 1 to 3, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, independently, hydrogen, alkyl groups having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl groups having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or aryl-substituted methylene groups; with the proviso that when x=y=3, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 .noteq.hydrogen;wherein the ratio of methylene disalicylic acid and the ring-substituted homolog is from about 50:50 to about 2:98 by weight.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition, which contains a polymeric binder, a compound which can be polymerized by free radicals and has at least one terminal ethylenic double bond and a photoinitiator combination comprising an N-heterocyclic compound, a thioxanthone derivative and a dialkylamino compound, is highly photosensitive and produces photoresist stencils with vertical side walls.

Abstract: Metal surfaces, particularly copper surfaces, which are oxidatively micro-etched to increase surface area, are provided acid-resistance by exposure to a thiazole compound and/or a thiocarbamide compound. The thiazole compound and/or thiocarbamide compound may be provided either in the oxidative micro-etching solution or provided in a post-micro-etching solution.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus combinations and methods for producing a powder coating are provided wherein a stream of a powder coating precursor including at least one resin and at least one additional powder coating ingredient is contacted with a process fluid effective to reduce the viscosity of the powder coating precursor to allow processing of the powder coating precursor at a lower temperature.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition, which contains a polymeric binder, a compound which can be polymerized by free radicals and has at least one terminal ethylenic double bond and a photoinitiator combination comprising an N-heterocyclic compound, a thioxanthone derivative and a dialkylamino compound, is highly photosensitive and produces photoresist stencils with vertical side walls.