Abstract: An epoxy coating powder composition and a method for controlling the denseness of cured wrinkle finish patterns are provided by the use of a curing agent mixture comprising a blocked Lewis acid, methylenedisalicylic acid and a ring-substituted homolog thereof having the formula ##STR1## wherein x and y are from 1 to 3, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, independently, hydrogen, alkyl groups having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl groups having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or aryl-substituted methylene groups; with the proviso that when x=y=3, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 .noteq.hydrogen;wherein the ratio of methylene disalicylic acid and the ring-substituted homolog is from about 50:50 to about 2:98 by weight.

Abstract: In a process for fabricating a multilayer printed circuit board with permanent innerlayers of photoresist, the photoimageable composition used to form the hard permanent layer comprises a polymerizable acrylate monomer; an oligomer formed by the reaction of an epoxy resin and an acrylic or methacrylic acid; a photosensitive, free radical generating initiator for polymerization of the acrylic monomer and oligomer; a curable epoxy resin; a curing agent for the epoxy resin; and, optionally, a crosslinking agent reactive with hydroxyl groups. After exposure and development of a layer of the photoimageable composition and etching of the underlying metal layer on a board, the resultant photoresist is left on the circuitry traces. The innerlayers of photoresist are stacked in a press where it initially conforms under heat and pressure to fill voids between the innerlayers and then cures to permanence.

Abstract: A composition and method for stripping tin or tin-lead alloys, and any underlying copper-tin intermetallic, from a copper surface. The composition includes an aqueous solution of approximately 5-60% nitric acid by weight, approximately 0.5-30% ferric nitrate by weight, and a nitric acid stabilizer selected from the group consisting of an amino-triazole, an amino-isoxazole, and a linear amino sulfone in the form H.sub.2 N-SO.sub.2 -R, where R is any alkyl or benzene group, wherein the stabilizer is present at a concentration sufficient to inhibit exothermic conditions, emission of toxic NOx gas, and copper attack. A soluble source of halogen ion, such as hydrochloric acid, can be added to the composition to yield a uniform, reflective, bright pink copper appearance, and to further reduce sludge formation. In addition, sludge formation can be eliminated by adding a soluble source of sulfate ion (SO.sub.4.sup.-2) to the composition.

Abstract: As a means of providing a patterned coating on a substrate, either decorative or functional, coating powder is applied to a substrate. Then the coating powder is fused or fused and cured in selected portions by computer-guided laser. One application of the invention is to fuse coating powder into a resist pattern for the production of printed circuitry.

Abstract: A waterborne photoimageable composition, developable in alkaline aqueous solution, which is hardenable to form a hard, permanent layer suitable as a solder mask, comprisesA) between about 25 and about 40 wt % of a latex acrylic binder polymer having an acid number between about 125 and about 200 and a number average molecular weight of between about 20,000 and about 80,000,B) between about 13 and about 30 wt % of a waterborne epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent weight of between about 100 and about 700,C) between about 20 and about 35 wt % of photopolymerizable, multi-functional .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomer and/or short-chain oligomer having a molecular weight between about 500 and about 2000,D) between about 4 and about 20 wt % of a free-radical generating chemical system,E) between about 0.5 and about 10 wt % of an epoxy curative and/or cure catalyst, andF) between about 3 and about 12 wt % surfactant(s), the weight percentages being based on total weight of A)-F).

Abstract: Opaquely pigmented or thick filmed powder coatings for heat sensitive substrates, such as wood, wood composites, for example, medium density fiber board, and plastics, that can be fully cured, especially near the substrate, through the incorporation of a dual cure system in the powder comprising a thermal initiator, such as a peroxide, along with a UV initiator. The UV initiator cures the surface, while the thermal initiator cures at the substrate. Surprisingly, virtually no pregelation occurs during the heated melt and flow out step prior to UV curing. Consequently, the hardened film finish formed on the surface exhibits exceptional smoothness which is comparable to that of traditional UV curable powders. The hardened film finish is also fully cured throughout and exhibits exceptional adhesion to the substrate which cannot be achieved with traditional UV curable powders that have been pigmented.

Abstract: A negative-acting photoimageable composition useful as a photoresist comprises an acid-functional binder polymer, a photopolymerizable component, and a photoinitiator chemical system, in which the binder polymer has a multi-modal molecular weight distribution used to promote faster photoresist stripping times and a smaller stripped particle size. The combination of faster stripping times and smaller stripped particle size allows for fully aqueous, environmentally friendly, stripping of the photoresist from overplated circuit boards.

Abstract: An alkaline aqueous developing solution for developing photoresists or the like contains, as an anti-scum agent, an ethoxylated surfactant having the general formula:R--?O--(AO).sub.n !.sub.m --X (I)where AO are alkylene oxide units selected from ethylene oxide units (CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O) and propylene oxide units (CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --O) or (CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--O), where R is a hydrophobic group, X is H or an anionic group, m is from 1 to 3, and n is at least about 8, and the molar ratio of total ethylene oxide units to total propylene oxide units is between about 1:4 and about 4:1, preferably between about 2:3 and about 3:2.

Abstract: A polyurethane prepared from a functionalized polyol has superior hydrolytic stability and dispersive capacity which makes it useful as a binder for magnetic particles in a magnetic recording medium. The functionalized polyol may be one of the group consisting of a polyesterdiol, a polyetherdiol, a polycaprolactone diol and a polycarbonate diol, each of which which incorporates a functional group having the formula: ##STR1## wherein M is a methylene group or nitrogen, R and R.sup.1 are the same or different alkylene groups having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkylene group having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and X is an anion of a Br.o slashed.nsted acid in an amount such that the polyurethane contains from about 8 to about 32 gram moles of the functional group per 1.times.10.sup.6 grams of the polyurethane. The polyurethane may be made by heating a mixture of a Br.o slashed.

Abstract: A collision- or rapid deceleration-initiated stiffening system for a structural member of a motor vehicle frame. The system includes a structural member that defines a hollow, substantially gas-tight interior. The system also includes an inflator for pressurizing the interior of the structural member to increase the stiffness and the axial or buckle strength of the structural member upon collision or rapid deceleration of the motor vehicle. The inflator may produce inflation gas for pressurizing the structural member from different sources including the burning of solid pyrotechnic gas generant or the release of a stored gas, for example. In addition, the inflator may be initiated by different initiators including an electrical initiator squib connected to a remote deceleration sensor or a depressible initiator plunger in alignment with a bumper strut, for example. The inflator also may be used to inflate an airbag cushion of an airbag module in addition to pressurizing the structural member.

Abstract: Wood is electrostatically coated with a thermosetting powder coating system in which a mixture of a self-curing epoxy resin and a catalyst therefore is extruded and a low temperature curing agent are both pulverized and the powders are blended with conventional additives to make a coating powder which is deposited on a wooden substrate and heated to cure. The mixture of resin and catalyst does not cure within the extruder but it is made to cure at low temperatures by the separate addition of the curing agent. A small amount of the low temperature curing agent, insufficient to cause substantial curing during extrusion may be used in place of the catalyst.

Abstract: A water-immiscible organic fluid is tagged and identified by tagging the organic fluid with between about 0.25 and about 100 ppm of a marker compound having the formula: ##STR1## where the OH groups are either ortho or para to the diazo moieties, and the Xs are the same or different and are selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, Cl, Br, F, NH.sub.2, CN, NO.sub.2, NH(C.sub.1-3 -alkyl) and N(C.sub.1-3 -alkyl).sub.2, and the fluid is identified by extracting the tagged fluid with an alkaline aqueous extractant having a pH above about 12 and containing, based on 100 parts by weight of said extractant, between about 10 and about 60 parts by weight of an organic cosolvent having the formula:R.sup.1 --O--R.sup.2 --NH.sub.2 (II)where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, and R.sup.2 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkylene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dye solution of anthraquinone blue dyes in a non-polar organic solvent, which dyes are a mixture of dyes of the general formulae: ##STR1## where the Rs on each compound are selected from the group consisting of 2-ethylhexyl, mixed amyl, n-butyl and methyl, and wherein said dye mixture is the reaction product of quinizarin and/or leuco quinizarin and between about 15 and about 35 mole % of each of 2-ethylhexylamine, n-butylamine, amylamine and methylamine. The dye solutions, at high concentrations, are stable at low temperatures. These dye solutions also provide high tinctorial strength.

Abstract: A water-immiscible marker is dissolved in polyethylene glycol or other suitable carrier, and the marker so dissolved is added to a waterborne composition which is used as an additive to a waterborne or water processable composition. Subsequently, the marker is either extracted with a non-polar solvent or detected by means of a surface spot test. From the non-polar solvent, the marker is extracted with an acidic aqueous solution or an alkaline aqueous solution, depending upon the marker, and color-developed. Likewise, a surface spot test can detect the presence of the marker by, if necessary, first softening the marked surface to be tested either chemically or by thermal means, and developing a color with a color-developing reagent placed on the exposed surface. Applications can include the marking of paint, coatings, wax emulsions and water soluble/dispersable additives commonly used in water based applications, e.g., cement additives.

Abstract: A composition for reducing a copper oxide layer to metallic copper so as to facilitate bonding a resin to the metallic copper is disclosed. The composition is an aqueous reducing solution containing a cyclic borane compound. Examples of such cyclic borane compounds include those having nitrogen or sulfur as a ring-forming member, such as morpholine borane, piperidine borane, pyridine borane, piperazine borane, 2,6-Iutidine borane, 4-methylmorpholine borane, and 1,4-oxathiane borane, and also N,N-diethylaniline borane.

Abstract: A flexible sheet of material forms an integral airbag module housing enclosing an inflator and inflatable airbag, which cover also acts as a deployment chute guiding the deployment of the inflating airbag to the desired deployment location in a motor vehicle.

Abstract: An inflator for a safety restraint system includes a gas storage vessel having a mouth, and a diffuser extending outwardly from the mouth and defining gas outlet ports. A combustion chamber having a flared open end is secured to the gas storage vessel peripherally adjacent the mouth and defines throttle orifices for releasing inflation gas from the gas storage vessel. A breakaway closure member is secured across the mouth of the gas storage vessel and the open end of the combustion chamber housing, the breakaway closure member including a periphery ring, a translating boss having an initiator mounted therethrough and a skirt slidingly received in the open end of the combustion chamber housing, and a frangible web connecting the boss to the periphery ring. The combustion chamber housing further defines exhaust ports opening to the gas storage vessel, and contains combustible material, which may be pyrotechnic gas generator or fluid fuel.

Abstract: A polyurethane prepared from a functionalized polyol has superior hydrolytic stability and dispersive capacity which makes it useful as a binder for magnetic particles in a magnetic recording medium. The functionalized polyol may be one of the group consisting of a polyesterdiol, a polyetherdiol, a polycaprolactone diol and a polycarbonate diol, each of which incorporates a functional group having the formula: ##STR1## wherein M is a methylene group or nitrogen, R and R.sup.1 are the same or different alkylene groups having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkylene group having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and X is an anion of a Br.o slashed.nsted acidin an amount such that the polyurethane contains from about 8 to about 32 gram moles of the functional group per 1.times.10.sup.6 grams of the polyurethane. The polyurethane may be made by heating a mixture of a Br.o slashed.

Abstract: An asphalt release agent for preventing hot road asphalt, especially polymer-modified asphalt, from sticking to surfaces of delivery truck beds is provided. The release agent includes a water-based mixture of polycycloaliphatic amines and polyalkylene glycols. The release agent is applied onto the truck beds to create a slippery non-stick surface so that the road asphalt which comes in contact with such truck bed surfaces will not adhere.

Abstract: In a coating powder composition comprising A) a polyester resin having carboxyl functionality so as to provide an acid number of between about 15 and about 100, plus B) epoxy curative at a stoichiometric equivalent relative to said polyester resin of between about 0.7 and about 1.3, blooming in the cured coating resulting therefrom is reduced or eliminated by incorporating within the polyester resin A) the monomer 2-butyl, 2-ethyl, 1,3-propane diol (BEPD) at a level to provide between 2 and 25 mole percent of the hydroxyl functionality relative to total hydroxyl functionality of hydroxyl-functional monomers forming the polyester resin.