Abstract: The invention relates to a multilayered bearing shell (2) comprising a back metal layer (3) as a carrier element for the layer structure and at least one further bearing layer joined to the back metal layer (3), wherein the back metal layer (3) is made from a bronze. The back metal layer (3) contains in addition to copper, which forms the matrix of the bronze, tin in a proportion selected from a range with a lower limit of 1.25 wt. % and an upper limit of 12 wt. %, zinc in a proportion selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.25 wt. % and an upper limit of 6 wt. % and phosphorus in a proportion selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.01 wt. % and an upper limit of 0.5 wt. %.

Abstract: A master/slave arrangement of an electronic engine control device with an engine identification module. The electronic engine control device controls and regulates the internal combustion machine. The engine identification module includes at least one microprocessor and a memory building block for storing an engine identification as well as engine specifics. The electronic engine control device and the engine identification module exchange data through an engine cable harness. The engine identification module is arranged inseparably at the crank housing of the internal combustion machine. The engine identification module can be removed from the crank housing as well as from the engine cable harness only by being destroyed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the open-loop control and the closed-loop control of an internal combustion engine (1), the rail pressure (pCR) being controlled in the normal operating state in a closed loop control mode via an intake throttle (4) on the lower pressure side as the first pressure control member in a rail pressure control loop and at the same time a rail pressure disturbance variable being applied to the rail pressure (pCR) via a pressure control valve (12) on the high pressure side as the second pressure control member. For this purpose, a pressure control valve volume flow (VDRV) is redirected from the rail (6) to a fuel tank (2) via the pressure control valve (12) on the high pressure side, and an emergency operation mode is activated once a defective rail pressure sensor (9) is detected, in which emergency operation the pressure control valve (12) on the high pressure side and the intake throttle (4) on the low pressure side are actuated depending on the same set point value.

Abstract: A method is proposed for controlling a hybrid drive in a rail vehicle in which an electronic route timetable (SPL) is predefined as route-section-related speeds by means of a train control device, route-section-related types of drive for the rail vehicle are predictively determined by means of the electronic route timetable (SPL) before the journey begins, a deviation of the actual position from a setpoint position of the rail vehicle which is obtained from the electronic route timetable (SPL) is determined while the rail vehicle is travelling, a time margin is calculated on the basis of the difference in position, and the current type of drive is retained or changed as a function of the time margin.

Abstract: A method for automatically controlling the speed of a ship, in which the engine speed (nMOT) is automatically controlled by a closed-loop engine speed control system as an inner closed-loop control system, the ship's speed (vS) is automatically controlled by a closed-loop ship's speed control system as an outer closed-loop control system, and the ship's set speed (vSL) is influenced as a reference input of the closed-loop ship's speed control system as a function of an external signal source. The ship's set speed (vSL) is corrected as a function of the underwater topography (TOPO).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the open-loop control and the closed-loop control of an internal combustion engine (1) comprising an A-side and a B-side common rail system, the rail pressure (pCR(A)) of the common rail system on the A side being controlled via an A-side rail pressure control loop in a closed loop mode and the rail pressure (pCR(B)) of the common rail system on the B side being controlled via a B-side rail pressure control loop in a closed loop mode independently of each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the open-loop control and the closed-loop control of an internal combustion engine (1), the rail pressure (pCR) being controlled in a closed loop mode in the normal operating state and an emergency operation mode being activated once a defective rail pressure sensor (9) is detected, in which emergency operation the rail pressure (pCR) is controlled in an open loop mode. The invention is characterized in that in the emergency operation mode, the rail pressure (pCR) is gradually increased until a passive pressure relief valve (11) is activated which redirects fuel from the rail (6) to the fuel tank (2) when it is open.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the control and regulation of an internal combustion engine (1), comprising an independent common rail system on the A-side and an independent common rail system on the B-side. During normal operation, the rail pressure (pCR(A), pCR(B)) is controlled in each common rail system via a low pressure-side suction throttle (4A, 4B) as the first pressure-adjusting element in a rail pressure control loop and, at the same time, the rail pressure (pCR(A), pCR(B)) is subjected to a rail pressure disturbance variable via a high pressure-side pressure control valve (11A, 11B) as a second pressure-adjusting element, by means of which a pressure control valve volume flow is redirected via the high pressure-side pressure control valve (11A, 11B) from the rail (6A, 6B) into a fuel tank (2).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the control and regulation of a V-type internal combustion engine (1), comprising an independent common rail system on the A side and an independent common rail system on the B-side, in which the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine (1) is regulated in a speed control loop and a nominal torque as an adjusted variable of the rotational speed governor is limited during the starting procedure to a starting torque for representing a nominal injection null set.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode for a molten carbonate fuel cell, having an electrode framework and an active layer comprising pores which is applied to the electrode framework. According to the invention, the active layer contains at least one structure stabilizer. The invention also relates to a method for producing said type of electrode.

Abstract: An diesel or gas engine-generator unit comprises an internal combustion engine and an alternator, the output of which unit, in use, is adapted to supply electrical power to a site load. The unit is further provided with means to apply a further load (2) to the unit controllable by a switching arrangement (4,5), the unit further comprising a controller, which can be the genset controller, which is adapted to control the switching unit to apply the further load (2) before electrical power is supplied to the site load. This preloading of the generator enables significantly greater load steps to be applied to the genset. The preload can be a resistive, capacitive or inductive load and can also be applied in steps.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine and a combustion chamber for such an internal combustion engine. According to the method, a thinned base mixture is ignited by additionally injecting a pilot fuel at an injection point in time, wherein the injection point in time of the pilot fuel is selected such that the pilot fuel is not fully homogenized with the base mixture.

Abstract: A method for controlling an internal combustion engine with a common-rail system, in which a fuel quantity is computed from a measured fuel pressure distribution and in which the computed fuel quantity is set as the controlling value for controlling an injection. The fuel quantity is computed by measuring the pressure distribution (pE) of an individual accumulator, reproducing a modeled pressure distribution (pEMOD) according to the measured pressure distribution (pE) using a hydraulic model, and computing the fuel quantity from the hydraulic model.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for open-loop and closed-loop control of an internal combustion engine (1) in which the rail pressure (pCR) is controlled via a low pressure-side suction throttle (4), as the first pressure-adjusting element in a rail pressure control loop. The invention is characterized in that a rail pressure disturbance variable (VDRV) is generated to influence the rail pressure (pCR) via a high-pressure side pressure control valve (12), as the second pressure-adjusting element, by means of which fuel is redirected from the rail (6) into the fuel tank (2). The position of the high-pressure side pressure control valve (12) is determined by a PWM signal (PWMDV), which, when normal mode is set, is calculated as a function of the resulting target volume flow and, when protective mode is set, is temporarily set to a maximum value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for regulating a gas engine (1) having a generator (5), wherein a regulator torque is calculated by means of a speed regulator from a speed regulator deviation, wherein a target volume flow is calculated at least as a function of the regulator torque, wherein a fuel volume is determined as a proportion of a fuel-air mixture as a function of the target volume flow, and wherein a target receiver pipe pressure is also calculated as a function of the target volume flow as a guide parameter for a receiver pipe pressure regulating circuit for regulating the mixture pressure (pRRA, pRRB) of a fuel-air mixture in the receiver pipe (12, 13) above the inlet valves of the gas engine (1). The invention is characterized in that a deviation of the regulator torque from a generator torque is calculated and the target receiver pipe pressure is corrected using the deviation.

Abstract: An exhaust gas aftertreatment unit (1) having an encapsulated design is constructed in a modular manner from disk-shaped components (2), which each receive exhaust gas aftertreatment units (3) and which are connected to supply connections (24, 25) on the encapsulated side with the flow occurring in the direction of the disk plane, wherein the components (2) are surrounded by frames (5) that are consecutively, in particular elastically, connected and clamped to each other transversal to the disk plane.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for open-loop and closed-loop control of an internal combustion engine (1), the rail pressure (pCR) being controlled via a low pressure-side suction throttle valve (4) as the first pressure-adjusting element in a rail pressure control loop. The invention is characterized in that a rail pressure disturbance variable is generated to influence the rail pressure (pCR) via a high pressure-side pressure control valve (12) as the second pressure-adjusting element, by means of which fuel is redirected from the rail (6) into a fuel tank (2).

Abstract: Proposed is a method for controlling and regulating an internal combustion engine (1), in which the rail pressure (pCR) is controlled via a suction throttle (4) on the low pressure side as a first pressure-adjusting element in a rail pressure control loop. The invention is characterized in that a rail pressure disturbance variable (VDRV) is generated in order to influence the rail pressure (pCR) via a pressure control valve (12) on the high pressure side as a second pressure re-adjusting element, by means of which fuel is redirected in a controlled manner from the rail (6) into a fuel tank (2), the rail pressure disturbance variable (VDRV) being calculated using a corrected target volume flow (Vk(SL)) of the pressure control valve (12).

Abstract: A method for automatic lambda control of an internal combustion engine, in which, upon detection of a predetermined operating state of the internal combustion engine, a calibration factor (KAL) is determined and in which, during the operation of the internal combustion engine, a lambda measuring signal (iP) is corrected by the calibration factor (KAL) and is set as the actual lambda value (Lam(IST)) for the automatic lambda control of the internal combustion engine. The predetermined operating state is recognized when an engine coastdown is initiated.

Abstract: A method for controlling a V-type internal combustion engine with a separate common rail system on an A side and a separate common rail system on a B side of the internal combustion engine, in which a set injection quantity is computed at least as a function of an actual speed relative to a set speed. An injection time for controlling an A-side injector is computed by an injector map as a function of the set injection quantity and as a function of an A-side actual rail pressure. The injection time for controlling a B-side injector is computed by the same injector map as a function of the set injection quantity and as a function of a B-side actual rail pressure.