Abstract: Oil degradable encapsulated breaker particles are used in fracturing operations to break hydro-carbon liquid gelled with salts of alkyl phosphate esters. The preferred breaker chemical is particulate urea coated with sulfonated EPDM.

Abstract: Deadburned magnesium oxides (calcined at a temperature of above about 4000.degree. F.) can be advantageously utilized as an expanding additive in cements utilized to seal a metallic casing into the bore hole of a well. The deadburned magnesium oxide additives are particularly effective when used in cements having a curing temperature of about 120-200.degree. C. and particularly at temperatures greater than about 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion of iron and steel alloys in contact with oil-in-brine emulsions is claimed. The method comprises treating the oil-in-brine emulsions with an effective amount of a water soluble polymer having an average molecular weight of at least one million and an effective amount of a nitrogen-containing corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: Inhibition performance is improved in styrene processing through the addition of a stable nitroxide free radical compound to the styrene feed and to the reflux of at least one column.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of terminating a free-radical initiated emulsion polymerization by utilizing a shortstopping agent that contains a stable nitroxyl free-radical or is capable of forming a stable nitroxyl free radical in situ. Besides more effective stopping of polymerization, the present invention does not contain nitrosamine precursors nor is the shortstop agent easily removed during latex and polymer processing.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the formation of fouling deposits occurring in spent caustic wash systems used for ethylene dichloride (EDC) manufacturing processes. Fouling occurs in these systems when they are in contact with EDC processing streams contaminated with oxygen-containing compounds, such as aldehydes. These deposits are formed in EDC processing streams contaminated with oxygen-containing compounds while in contact with a caustic solution having a pH>7. The invention comprises adding an effective deposit-inhibiting amount of a non-enolizable carbonyl compound to the caustic solution. Preferred non-enolizable carbonyl compounds are formaldehyde, glyoxal, benzaldehyde, p-anisaldehyde, formic acid, glyoxalic acid and paraformaldehyde.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of preventing fouling and coke formation on the high temperature sections of hydrocarbon processing equipment which comes into contact with a hydrocarbon fluid. The method comprises adding to a carrier prior to the carrier coming into contact with the high temperature sections of such equipment, an effective amount of an antifoulant in its vapor phase selected from the group consisting of tri-tertiary-butylphenol phosphate esters and compounds having the formula I: ##STR1## wherein Q is Z, or R with the proviso that two occurrences of Q are Z, R is hydrogen, or a straight or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and only one or two occurrences of R may be alkyl. Z is represented by the formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same as R and only one or two occurrences of each of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be alkyl, and "n" is a whole number of from 1 to 9, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A low toxic corrosion inhibitor comprises (A) mercaptocarboxylic acid having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and (B) a polyamine/fatty acid/carboxylic acid adduct. The preferred combination of (A) and (B) includes mercaptoacetic acid and ethylenetetramine/tall oil acd/acrylic acid adduct.

Abstract: Subterranean oil-bearing formations are treated with aqueous acid solutions which include an effective amount of an ester or salts of sulfonated fatty acids, which exhibits both antisludge and demulsification properties.

Abstract: Gums and inorganic corrosion byproducts occurring in distilled petroleum fractions may be dispersed and resulting fouling controlled by adding to the petroleum distillate an effective dispersing amount of a monosubtituted alkylphenol polyethylenepolyamine-formaldehyde resin, such resins having a weight average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 10,000, and an alkyl substituent containing from about 4 to about 24 carbon atoms, which alkyl substituent may be a linear or branched.

Abstract: A method to inhibit coke formation on heat transfer surfaces used to heat or cool a petroleum feedstock at coke-forming conditions is disclosed. The heat transfer surfaces are treated with an effective amount of phosphonate to inhibit coke formation on the heat transfer surfaces. The phosphonate is essentially free from contributing to corrosion and from producing detrimental by-products.

Abstract: The invention is a method of inhibiting the formation of fouling deposits occurring on the surface of an alkaline scrubber used to remove acid gases, such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and mercaptans, from hydrocarbon streams. These deposits are formed during the scrubbing of pyrolytically produced hydrocarbons contaminated with oxygen-containing compounds with a caustic solution having a pH>7 which comprises adding an effective deposit-inhibiting amount of a non-enolizable carbonyl compound to the caustic solution. The invention is also a method of inhibiting the formation of fouling deposits occurring in spent caustic wash/stripper systems used for hydrocarbon manufacturing processes. Fouling occurs in these systems when they are in contact with hydrocarbon processing streams contaminated with oxygen-containing compounds, such as aldehydes.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method of inhibiting the formation of foulants and residues, gums and precipitates, polymeric tars and other highly oxidized carbonaceous tars which can be formed in the process of manufacture and recovery of acrylonitrile. The method comprises adding to the liquid or gaseous phases passing through, or stored in acrylonitrile process equipment, an effective antifouling amount of a dispersant which is stable in the environment within an acrylonitrile process and is neutral to the equipment used for the manufacture of acrylonitrile.

Abstract: Reaction of 1,3,5-tri-substituted-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine is accelerated in H.sub.2 S scavenging by the addition of quaternary ammonium compound. The preferred hexahydro triazines are 1,3,5-tri-methyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines and 1,3,5-tri-methoxypropyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines. The blend of the hexahydro triazine and quaternary ammonium compounds can be used to treat sour gases and liquids (e.g. sour kerosene, crude oil, fuel oils, heating oils, distillate fuels, bunker fuel oil, and the like.

Abstract: Thickness-shear mode resonators which simultaneously measure mass deposition and fluid properties can be utilized to monitor petroleum processing, petrochemical and water treatment systems. Specialty chemical additive materials can be accurately and instantaneously added to control conditions detected by the thickness-shear mode resonators. The thickness-shear mode resonators are piezoelectric crystals used in conjunction with oscillator circuitry that can determine mass as well as viscosity and/or density of a fluid in contact with the piezoelectric surface.

Abstract: Aromatic compounds in small amounts function as antifoulant additives in pyrolysis furnaces which are subjected to elevated temperatures from about 500.degree. C. to about 1200.degree. C. when thermally convening hydrocarbons to ethylene as well as other useful products. These furnaces produce material that deposits and accumulates upon furnace surfaces including furnace radiant coils and transfer line exchangers. The present antifoulant additives inhibit and suppress the formation and deposition of material on furnace surfaces. The present invention is a method for inhibiting the formation of coke on the surfaces of a radiant heating section of a pyrolysis furnace and the surfaces immediately downstream of such section in contact with a hydrocarbon feedstock which comprises decoking the pyrolysis furnace, and prior to processing the hydrocarbon feedstock, adding an inhibiting compound to the pyrolysis furnace.

Abstract: EPDM elastomer is sulfonated and neutralized by a bulk process involving mechanical mixing at low temperatures in the sulfonating and neutralizing steps. The EPDM is discharged from the mixing process as finely divided particles having a low bulk density.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the formation of fouling deposits occurring on the surfaces of an alkaline scrubber used to wash acid gases generated during the manufacture of olefins, which deposits are formed during the scrubbing of pyrolytically produced hydrocarbons contaminated with oxygen-containing compounds with a caustic solution having a pH>7, which comprises adding an effective depositing-inhibiting amount of a caustic solution-soluble substituted aromatic amine selected from the group consisting of: 2-aminophenol, 4-aminophenol, 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and salts thereof, 4-amino-o-cresol, 3-aminophenol, 2-aminobenzoic acid and salts thereof, 3-aminobenzoic acid and salts thereof, and 4-aminobenzoic acid and salts thereof to the caustic solution. A preferred substituted aromatic amine is the sodium salt of 4-amino- benzenesulfonic acid in aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method of dispersing foulants, residues, gums, precipitates, polymeric tars and other highly oxidized carbonaceous tars which can be formed in the process of manufacture and recovery of acrylic acid. The method comprises adding to the liquid or gaseous phases passing through, or stored in acrylic acid process equipment, an effective antifouling amount of a dispersant which is stable in the environment within an acrylic acid process and is compatible with the equipment used for the manufacture of acrylic acid.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions are broken by the use of adducts prepared by reacting high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol with ethylene oxide, or diglycidyl ether, or both ethylene oxide and diglycidyl ether. The adduct demulsifiers may be used alone or as a blend with other demulsifiers.