Abstract: A battery electrode composition is provided comprising composite particles, with each composite particle comprising active material and a scaffolding matrix. The active material is provided to store and release ions during battery operation. For certain active materials of interest, the storing and releasing of the ions causes a substantial change in volume of the active material. The scaffolding matrix is provided as a porous, electrically-conductive scaffolding matrix within which the active material is disposed. In this way, the scaffolding matrix structurally supports the active material, electrically interconnects the active material, and accommodates the changes in volume of the active material.

Abstract: A metal or metal-ion battery composition is provided that comprises anode and cathode electrodes along with an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode. At least one of the electrodes includes active material particles provided to store and release ions during battery operation. Each of the active material particles includes internal pores configured to accommodate volume changes in the active material during the storing and releasing of the ions. The electrolyte comprises a solid electrolyte ionically interconnecting the active material particles.

Abstract: Provided is an imprint apparatus that applies a resin (drops) dispersed at a plurality of locations on a substrate, brings the resin and a mold into contact, and transfers the contoured pattern that is formed in the mold to the resin comprising: a controller that sets a principal axis direction according to the contoured pattern and an array direction in which a plurality of resin drops are aligned, and determines application positions for the resin such that the array direction is angled with respect to the principal axis direction; and a dispenser that applies the resin based on the application positions that have been determined.

Abstract: A catalyst-free synthesis method for the formation of a metalorganic compound comprising a desired (first) metal may include, for example, selecting another (second) metal and an organic solvent, with the second metal being selected to (i) be more reactive with respect to the organic solvent than the first metal and (ii) form, upon exposure of the second metal to the organic solvent, a reaction by-product that is more soluble in the organic solvent than the metalorganic compound. An alloy comprising the first metal and the second metal may be first produced (e.g., formed or otherwise obtained) and then treated with the organic solvent in a liquid phase or a vapor phase to form a mixture comprising (i) the reaction by-product comprising the second metal and (ii) the metalorganic compound comprising the first metal. The metalorganic compound may then be separated from the mixture in the form of a solid.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an active material-based nanocomposite is synthesized by infiltrating an active material precursor into pores of a nanoporous carbon, metal or metal oxide material, and then annealing to decompose the active material precursor into a first gaseous material and an active material and/or another active material precursor infiltrated inside the pores. The nanocomposite is then exposed to a gaseous material or a liquid material to at least partially convert the active material and/or the second active material precursor into active material particles that are infiltrated inside the pores and/or to infiltrate a secondary material into the pores. The nanocomposite is again annealed to remove volatile residues, to enhance electrical contact within the active material-based nanocomposite composite and/or to enhance one or more structural properties of the nanocomposite. In a further embodiment, the pores may be further infiltrated with a filler material and/or may be at least partially sealed.

Abstract: Battery electrode compositions and methods of fabrication are provided that utilize composite particles. Each of the composite particles may comprise, for example, a high-capacity active material and a porous, electrically-conductive scaffolding matrix material. The active material may store and release ions during battery operation, and may exhibit (i) a specific capacity of at least 220 mAh/g as a cathode active material or (ii) a specific capacity of at least 400 mAh/g as an anode active material. The active material may be disposed in the pores of the scaffolding matrix material. According to various designs, each composite particle may exhibit at least one material property that changes from the center to the perimeter of the scaffolding matrix material.

Abstract: In an embodiment, metal-organic nanowires or nanofibers comprising polymer chains with around 100 or more repeat units are synthesized. The metal-organic nanowires or nanofibers are exposed to a reactive gas at a temperature in excess of around 100° C. and at a pressure in the range from around 0.001 to around 100 atmospheres.

Abstract: Methods for imprinting on abutted fields of a substrate are described. Generally, a first field of a substrate may be imprinted using an imprint lithography template. The template may then be placed such that a portion of the template overlaps the first field of the substrate while imprinting a second field of the substrate.

Abstract: A metal-ion battery cell is provided that comprises anode and cathode electrodes, a separator, and an electrolyte. The anode electrode may, for example, have a capacity loading in the range of about 2 mAh/cm2 to about 10 mAh/cm2 and comprise anode particles that (i) have an average particle size in the range of about 0.2 microns to about 40 microns, (ii) exhibit a volume expansion in the range of about 8 vol. % to about 180 vol. % during one or more charge-discharge cycles of the battery cell, and (iii) exhibit a specific capacity in the range of about 600 mAh/g to about 2,600 mAh/g. The electrolyte may comprise, for example, (i) one or more metal-ion salts and (ii) a solvent composition that comprises one or more low-melting point solvents that each have a melting point below about ?70° C. and a boiling point above about +70° C.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a metal-ion battery cell comprises an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a separator, and electrolyte ionically coupling the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. The anode electrode is a high-capacity electrode (e.g., in the range of about 2 mAh/cm2 to about 10 mAh/cm2) and the cathode electrode comprises an intercalation-type active material including at least Li, one or more metals, and oxygen. The electrolyte includes a solvent composition having low-melting point (LMP) solvent(s) in the range from about 10 vol. % to about 95 vol. % of the solvent composition.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a metal-ion battery cell comprises an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a separator, and electrolyte ionically coupling the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. The anode electrode is a high-capacity electrode (e.g., in the range of about 2 mAh/cm2 to about 10 mAh/cm2). The electrolyte includes a solvent composition, the solvent composition including low-melting point (LMP) solvent(s) in the range from about 10 vol. % to about 80 vol. % of the solvent composition as well as regular-melting point (RMP) solvent(s) in the range from about 20 vol. % to about 90 vol. % of the solvent composition.

Abstract: Poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAs) are extremely resistant to natural degradation. Described herein are compositions, assays, and methods for generating microorganisms capable of accelerating degradation of these products using a directed evolution strategy. A minimal media including the target carbon source of interest, creates selective pressure for microorganisms capable of degradation. Extremely slow growth rates on these alternative carbon sources is nevertheless measureable using automated image capture and processing pipeline allows one to observe very small changes in cell growth over the course of a very long period of time, thereby identifying microorganisms that could not otherwise be identified.

Abstract: A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises composite particles. Each of the composite particles in the composition (which may represent all or a portion of a larger composition) may comprise a porous electrode particle and a filler material. The porous electrode particle may comprise active material provided to store and release ions during battery operation. The filler material may occupy at least a portion of the pores of the electrode particle. The filler material may comprise a solid and is not substantially conductive with respect to electron transport.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a cochleate composition including one or more cochleates and at least two antifungal compounds selected from amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine, fluconazole, ketoconazole, ravuconazole, albaconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole and/or voriconazole. Methods of using the antifungal cochleate formulations are also disclosed.

Abstract: A battery electrode composition is provided comprising composite particles, with each composite particle comprising active material and a scaffolding matrix. The active material is provided to store and release ions during battery operation. For certain active materials of interest, the storing and releasing of the ions causes a substantial change in volume of the active material. The scaffolding matrix is provided as a porous, electrically-conductive scaffolding matrix within which the active material is disposed. In this way, the scaffolding matrix structurally supports the active material, electrically interconnects the active material, and accommodates the changes in volume of the active material.

Abstract: Processes for preparing oleophobic and hydrophobic coatings on a substrate. More particularly, the disclosure relates to omniphobic surface treatment of substrates such as glass, ceramic, glass-ceramic, and the like.

Abstract: Li-ion batteries are provided that include a cathode, an anode comprising active particles, an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode, a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode, and at least one hydrofluoric acid neutralizing agent incorporated into the anode or the separator. Li-ion batteries are also provided that include a cathode, an anode comprising active particles, an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode, and a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode, where the electrolyte may be formed from a mixture of an imide salt and at least one salt selected from the group consisting of LiPF6, LiBF4, and LiClO4. Li-ion battery anodes are also provided that include an active material core and a protective coating at least partially encasing the active material core, where the protective coating comprises a material that is resistant to hydrofluoric acid permeation.

Abstract: A new insight on the lubrication of joints is presented. Addition of small amounts of nanoscale diamond particles to a joint promotes a substantial improvement in friction and wear behavior of the joint surfaces. The joints can be artificial or natural joints.

Abstract: A Li-ion battery cell, among other materials, components, and techniques, is provided that includes ion-permeable anode and cathode electrodes, an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode, a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode, and a sacrificial, high-capacity Li composition for providing Li to at least one of the electrodes.

Abstract: Functionalized fluoro polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (F-POSS) materials as additives to improve liquid repellence of various polymers, the additive including at least one functionalized F-POSS material, wherein the functional group is at least one material selected from the group consisting of amines, isocyanates, epoxies, carboxylic acids, and esters.