Abstract: An improvement in the process for the recovery of aluminum from alunite in which potassium hydroxide is recovered from byproduct potassium sulfate by electrodialysis, further improvement being the use of sodium hydroxide from the bleed stream from the Bayer leach for use in the electrodialysis process for recovering potassium hydroxide from potassium sulfate.

Abstract: Molten metal sampling device for and method of sampling molten unkilled metal, especially steel, to produce a sound, non-porous, solidified test sample suitable for analysis in which metallic germanium is present in the sampling device in a quantity sufficient to kill the molten metal of the sample.

Abstract: When the packing rings about the large bell rod in a double bell blast furnace charging system become worn, a new seal is established about the large bell rod above the worn seal without requiring shutdown of the furnace or removal and replacement of the worn seal and bell rod. This is achieved by forming an enclosure in situ about the large bell rod directly above the worn packing to entrap leakage past the worn packing in the enclosure, and by providing a new seal assembly including new packing rings about the large bell rod in the upper end of the enclosure where the large bell rod emerges. The upper end portion of the enclosure is secured relative to the large bell rod by brackets projecting outwardly from the enclosure to a point where they are fastened to hanger rods conventionally utilized to raise and lower the small bell rod.

Abstract: A strip handling apparatus and method which prevent slipping and weaving of strip in strip tensioning units and achieve close control of tension on strip entering a drag strip tensioning unit and leaving a drive strip tensioning unit.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for the recovery of aluminum from alunite in which the alunite in particulate form is dehydrated, sulfur and alkali metal compounds removed from the dehydrated ore leaving a particulate residue containing aluminum values, the residue digested with at least one alkali metal hydroxide to convert the aluminum values to soluble aluminates, silicon removed from the soluble aluminate solution, and aluminum values precipitated from the aluminate solution, the improvement comprising: multiple stage digestion of the particulate residue accomplished by dividing the particulate residue into two fractions, digesting one fraction first and using the first stage liquor from the first digestion step to digest the remaining fraction. The fraction digested first may be the one having the smaller particle size, or the one having the larger particle size.

Abstract: A dross press is provided for separating molten zinc from the dross scooped from the top or from the bottom of a molten bath of zinc in a zinc pot used in a zinc coating process. The press is mounted above the molten metal pool in the pot in a position so that zinc may be expressed from the dross that has been collected in a hand ladle to be squeezed through the perforations in the ladle to fall into the pool maintained in the zinc pot. Alternatively, the press may be mounted so that the reclaimed metal is expressed through the perforations into other receptacles, including molds suitable for weighing, sampling, etc.

Abstract: By predetermined selection of tin coating weight in the manufacture of electrolytically tinplated continuous steel strip, cup formation of sheet metal blanks cut from such tinplated flat rolled steel with the selected tin coating weight disposed internally, selective reduction of sidewall gage and coating weight, maintenance of tin coating weight on the interior surface of the bottom wall, and selective organic coating, the present invention enables production of special container packs, previously limited to three-piece containers, from unitary seamless can bodies. Selected tin coating weight on the interior surface of the bottom wall of the can body is maintained throughout the manufacturing process and this surface is exposed to container contents. The sidewall interior surface of the can body is protected from exposure to container contents by an organic coating.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method of and apparatus for lifting a load utilizing an existing bridge or gantry-type overhead crane in combination with a portable lifting beam or Strongback adapted to be lifted into position and partially supported by the existing bridge crane. The portable lifting beam includes a horizontally extending main beam having a telescoping section to reduce the longitudinal extent of the main beam to a dimension less than the distance between the parallel rails upon which the bridge crane is supported, whereby the lifting beam may be raised and lowered by the bridge crane between the parallel rails while being disposed perpendicular thereto. Once the lifting beam is lifted above the parallel rails, the hydraulic means are actuated to extend the telescoping section from its retracted position to increase the longitudinal extent of the main beam to a dimension equivalent to the distance between the parallel rails whereby the portable lifting beam or Strongback may be disposed thereon.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for continuously homogenizing and quenching aluminum billets in an in-line tandem system. The billets are conveyed into a furnace and transported through a series of stages therein where they are heated to obtain a uniform crystalline structure, and then immediately conveyed into and through a quench chamber where they are rapidly cooled to obtain improved metallurgical properties. The quench chamber includes a series of ring-shaped spray headers having a plurality of spray nozzles disposed thereabout for emitting a cooling fluid evenly about the billets as they pass through the rings in order to prevent warpage. The spray rings are vertically adjustable by means of a common linkage so that they will be concentric with respect to the longitudinal axes of billets of different diameters adapted to pass therethrough.

Abstract: An improved steel substrate for preparing chromized steel, the substrate consisting essentially of a flat rolled plain low carbon columbium treated steel initially having a total carbon content of at least 0.03% and containing about 0.03-0.15% columbium. The steel substrate is the flat rolled product of the solidification of molten steel having the above composition. The carbon content of the steel substrate is partially stabilized whereby a controlled portion of the carbon is free to diffuse upon heating to an elevated chromizing temperature. The carbon content which is free to diffuse, the columbium content, and the thickness of the substrate are carefully correlated whereby the overall quality of the chromized product prepared therefrom may be controlled and maintained at optimum levels. The invention further provides the improved chromized steel products prepared thereby.

Abstract: An ironing ring for use in the manufacture of drawn and ironed unitary sheet metal can bodies made from flat rolled steel blackplate. The interior working surface of the ironing ring is treated by diamond wheel grinding, or the like, to form fine-line indentations which decrease the surface contact of the ironing ring with the metal surface being ironed. The linearly extended indentations extend over the entry portion of the ring to, or into, the dwell portion of the ring and help draw ironing lubricant into the ring during the ironing operation.

Abstract: Single-slide press with single work-input stroke and other characteristics and advantages of single-action press carries out multiple functions of double or triple-action presses in the manufacture of cup-shaped articles. A blank is cut from flat rolled sheet metal and clamped while being drawn into a cup shape; the drum cup can be redrawn into a cup of smaller diameter and greater sidewall height. Work-input force applied to the work product is modified as required for each step with fluid controlled cylinder and piston means mounted to permit relative movement of portions of the single slide means for carrying out the individual steps in sequence.

Abstract: A continuous process for the production by electrodialysis of monobasic potassium phosphate from phosphoric acid produced by the wet process and potassium sulfate produced as a by-product in processes for the recovery of aluminum from alunite.

Abstract: A process for recovering aluminum from alunite ore directed to providing a residue for the Bayer leach step substantially free of impurities so that a high A/C ratio Bayer leach liquor is produced, which comprises roasting the ore in particulate form to drive off water and sulfur as SO.sub.2 and to convert aluminum sulfate to alumina, leaching the residue containing aluminum values with water and filtering to remove potassium sulfate and other soluble sulfates, hot leaching the residue with sulfuric acid to convert the alumina therein to soluble aluminum sulfate followed by filtering to remove silicon dioxide and other solid impurities, crystallizing the aluminum sulfate to further remove impurities, heating the residue to convert the aluminum sulfate to alumina and drive off any remaining sulfur as SO.sub.2, and digesting the alumina calcine with sodium hydroxide under standard Bayer conditions at a high A/C ratio to provide a high A/C ratio solution from which a "sandy" aluminum hydroxide is precipitated.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for recovering aluminum hydroxide from alunite ore by roasting the ore to remove water of hydration, roasting it again in a reducing atmosphere to remove sulfate, roasting a third time in an oxidizing atmosphere to convert any sulfides formed in the second roast, leaching with a weak base, leaching with water to remove potassium and sulfate, extracting the aluminum content with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, removing contaminant silica from the leach solution, and precipitating aluminum hydroxide by cooling and seeding the solution.

Abstract: Arrangement including the use of at least two novel dual work roll supporting devices for supporting new or refinished work rolls on one device and a used work roll and mounted chock assemblies on another device, in the same relative relationship to permit removal of the chock assemblies as units from the used work rolls and mounting of the chock assemblies on new or refinished work rolls without requiring disengagement of the top and bottom work roll chocks.

Abstract: In the deep drawing of unitary can bodies, method and apparatus which reduce frictional contact of the can body sidewall with the female die opening to permit removal of the drawn can body from the female die in the direction of removal of the male punch member without damage to the can body. Deep drawing of organically coated sheet metal stock and removal from the female die structure is also made possible while maintaining desired protection. Smooth, non-reentrant sidewall surfaces are maintained in the work product.

Abstract: A method for efficiently operating a steel rolling mill employing oil-in-water emulsions as lubricants which includes controlling the stability of the emulsion within certain preselected limits and correlating the oil concentration to a mean time (t.sub.m) of such values. The mean time is determined through an emulsion stability index test and constitutes the time required for the concentration of oil in emulsion samples to drop to 50% of its original value.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for aligning strip end portions prior to a welding step in a continuous strip treating operation in which there is a first step running through the line having a trailing end portion and a second strip to be fed into the line having a leading end portion, the invention comprising means and steps for determining the longitudinal direction of the first strip trailing end portion, providing a laser beam which can be disposed parallel to the longitudinal direction of the first strip trailing end portion, providing a strip positioning member contiguous to the second strip leading end portion, the strip positioning member being laterally disposable, and utilizing the laser beam to dispose the strip positioning member in a predetermined position, whereby the second strip leading end portion can be aligned longitudinally and laterally with the first strip trailing end portion so that the strips can be welded together without the formation of a dog leg in the resulting welded strip.